Biography:Manne Siegbahn

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Manne Siegbahn
Siegbahn in 1924
Born
Karl Manne Georg Siegbahn

(1886-12-03)3 December 1886
Örebro, Sweden
Died26 September 1978(1978-09-26) (aged 91)
Stockholm, Sweden
Alma materLund University (PhD)
Known for
Spouse(s)
Karin Högbom (m. 1914)
Children
Awards
  • Björkén Prize (1919, 1923)
  • Nobel Prize in Physics (1924)
  • Hughes Medal (1934)
  • Rumford Medal (1940)
  • Duddell Medal and Prize (1948)
Scientific career
Fields
Institutions
  • Lund University (1911–1923)
  • Uppsala University (1923–1937)
  • Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences (from 1937)
ThesisMagnetische feldmessung (1911)
Doctoral advisorJohannes Rydberg

Karl Manne Georg Siegbahn (sv; 3 December 1886 – 26 September 1978)[1] was a Swedish physicist who received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1924 "for his discoveries and research in the field of X-ray spectroscopy."[2][3]

Education and career

Karl Manne Georg Siegbahn was born on 3 December 1886 in Örebro, Sweden, the son of Nils Reinhold Georg Siegbahn, a station master, and Emma Sofia Mathilda Zetterberg.[4]

Siegbahn graduated in Stockholm 1906 and began his studies at Lund University the same year.[5] During his education he was secretarial assistant to Johannes Rydberg.[6] In 1908, he studied at the University of Göttingen.[7] He received his Ph.D. from Lund in 1911 with a thesis titled Magnetische feldmessung (Magnetic field measurements). He became acting professor for Rydberg when his (Rydberg's) health was failing, and succeeded him as full professor in 1920 following his death.[8] In 1923, he left Lund to become Professor of Physics at Uppsala University.[9]

In 1937, Siegbahn was appointed Research Professor of Experimental Physics at the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences.[4] In 1988, this was renamed the Manne Siegbahn Institute (MSI).[10] The institute research groups have been reorganized since, but the name lives on in the Manne Siegbahn Laboratory hosted by Stockholm University.

X-ray spectroscopy

Siegbahn began his studies of X-ray spectroscopy in 1914. Initially, he used the same type of spectrometer as Henry Moseley had done for finding the relationship between the frequency of characteristic X-rays some elements and their place at the periodic system. Shortly thereafter he developed improved experimental apparatus which allowed him to make very accurate measurements of the X-ray wavelengths produced by atoms of different elements. Also, he found that several of the spectral lines that Moseley had discovered consisted of more components. By studying these components and improving the spectrometer, Siegbahn got an almost complete understanding of the electron shell.[11] He developed a convention for naming the different spectral lines that are characteristic to elements in X-ray spectroscopy, the Siegbahn notation. Siegbahn's precision measurements drove many developments in quantum theory and atomic physics.[12]

Family

Siegbahn married Karin Högbom in 1914. They had two children: Bo Siegbahn (1915–2008), a diplomat and politician, and Kai Siegbahn (1918–2007), a physicist who received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1981 for his contribution to the development of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.

Recognition

Awards

Year Organization Award Citation Ref.
1919 Sweden Uppsala University Björkén Prize[lower-alpha 1] — [13]
1923 Sweden Uppsala University Björkén Prize[lower-alpha 2] — [13]
1924 Sweden Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences Nobel Prize in Physics "For his discoveries and research in the field of X-ray spectroscopy." [2]
1934 United Kingdom Royal Society Hughes Medal "For his work as a physicist and technician on long-wave X-rays." [14]
1940 United Kingdom Royal Society Rumford Medal "For his poioneer [sic] work in high precision X-ray spectroscopy and its applications." [15]
1948 United Kingdom Institute of Physics Duddell Medal and Prize — [16]

Memberships

Year Organization Type Ref.
1954 United Kingdom Royal Society Foreign Member [17]

Works

  • Title page to The Spectroscopy of X-Rays (1925)
    Title page to The Spectroscopy of X-Rays (1925)
  • Table of contents to The Spectroscopy of X-Rays (1925)
    Table of contents to The Spectroscopy of X-Rays (1925)
  • First page of The Spectroscopy of X-Rays (1925)
    First page of The Spectroscopy of X-Rays (1925)
  • Figure from The Spectroscopy of X-Rays (1925)
    Figure from The Spectroscopy of X-Rays (1925)

Notes

  1. ↑ Awarded jointly with Carl Wilhelm Oseen.
  2. ↑ Awarded jointly with Theodor Svedberg.

References

  1. ↑ Atterling, H. (1991). "Karl Manne Georg Siegbahn. 3 December 1886-24 September 1978". Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society 37: 428–444. doi:10.1098/rsbm.1991.0022. 
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 "Nobel Prize in Physics 1924". Nobel Foundation. https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1924/summary. 
  3. ↑ Shampo, M. A.; Kyle, R. A. (1998). "Manne Siegbahn--Nobel Prize for x-ray spectroscopy". Mayo Clinic Proceedings 73 (3): 249. doi:10.4065/73.3.249. PMID 9511784. 
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 "Manne Siegbahn – Biographical". Nobel Foundation. https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1924/siegbahn/biographical/. 
  5. ↑ Litzén, Ulf (2015) (in sv). Fysik i Lund under 300 år. Lund: Lunds universitetshistoriska sällskap. pp. 87. ISBN 9789175453200. 
  6. ↑ Hulthén, Erik (1951). "1900–1925, fysikalisk forskning i Lund under ett kvartsekel" (in sv). Manne Siegbahn : 1886 3/12 1951. Uppsala. pp. 3. 
  7. ↑ (in de) Beweis 1924: Prismen brechen auch Röntgenstrahlen. Universität Göttingen. http://www.wiki-goettingen.de/images/6/6a/Siegbahn.pdf. 
  8. ↑ Litzén (2015). Fysik i Lund under 300 år. pp. 95. Bibcode: 2015filu.book.....L. 
  9. ↑ Litzén (2015) (in sv). Fysik i Lund under 300 år. pp. 96. Bibcode: 2015filu.book.....L. 
  10. ↑ "The MSL History". 2014-12-10. http://www.msl.se/MSL_files/history.htm. 
  11. ↑ Litzén (2015) (in sv). Fysik i Lund under 300 år. pp. 90. Bibcode: 2015filu.book.....L. 
  12. ↑ "Nobel Prize in Physics 1924 - Presentation Speech". Nobel Media AB. 2014. https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1924/press.html. 
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 "The Björkén Prize". Uppsala University. https://www.uu.se/en/about-uu/academic-traditions/traditions/the-bjorken-prize. 
  14. ↑ "Hughes Medal". https://royalsociety.org/medals-and-prizes/hughes-medal/. 
  15. ↑ "Rumford Medal". https://royalsociety.org/medals-and-prizes/rumford-medal/. 
  16. ↑ "Dennis Gabor Medal and Prize recipients". Institute of Physics. https://www.iop.org/about/awards/silver-subject-medals/dennis-gabor-medal-and-prize-recipients. 
  17. ↑ "Search Results". https://catalogues.royalsociety.org/CalmView/Record.aspx?src=CalmView.Persons&id=NA2041&pos=1. 
  • Miss nobel-id as parameter including the Nobel Lecture, December 11, 1925 The X-ray Spectra and the Structure of the Atoms

Template:1924 Nobel Prize winners



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