Biography:Polykarp Kusch
Polykarp Kusch | |
|---|---|
 Kusch in 1955 | |
| Born | January 26, 1911 Blankenburg, Duchy of Brunswick, German Empire |
| Died | March 20, 1993 (aged 82) Dallas, Texas, U.S. |
| Alma mater |
|
| Known for | Measuring the magnetic moment of the electron |
| Awards | Nobel Prize in Physics (1955) |
| Scientific career | |
| Fields | Physics |
| Institutions | |
| Thesis | The molecular spectra of caesium and rubidium (1936) |
| Doctoral advisor | Francis Wheeler Loomis |
| Doctoral students | |
Polykarp Kusch (de; January 26, 1911 – March 20, 1993) was a German–American physicist who shared the 1955 Nobel Prize in Physics with Willis Eugene Lamb for his accurate determination that the electron magnetic moment was greater than its theoretical value,[1] thus leading to reconsideration of and innovations in quantum electrodynamics.
Biography
Polykarp Kusch was born on January 26, 1911, in Blankenburg, Germany, the son of John Mathias Kusch, a Lutheran missionary, and Henrietta van der Haas. In 1912, Kusch and his family emigrated to the United States, where he naturalized as a U.S. citizen in 1922.[2]
After graduating from grade school in the Midwest, Kusch attended Case Institute of Technology (CIT) in Cleveland, Ohio (now Case Western Reserve University), where he majored in physics. After graduating from CIT with a B.S. in 1931, Kusch entered the University of Illinois, from which he received his M.S. in 1933. He continued his education at the same alma mater, studying under Francis Wheeler Loomis. For his work in the field of optical molecular spectroscopy, he received his Ph.D. in 1936.[3]
In 1937, Kusch moved to Columbia University, where he spent much of his career as a professor and served as its provost for one year in 1970–1971. He worked on molecular beam resonance studies under I. I. Rabi, then discovered the electron anomalous magnetic moment. Many measurements of magnetic moments and hyperfine structure followed. He expanded into chemical physics and continued to publish research on molecular beams. In 1972, he left Columbia to become a professor at the University of Texas at Dallas, remaining there until his retirement in 1982.[2]
Personal life
In 1935, Kusch married Edith Starr McRoberts, with whom he had three daughters. Edith died in 1959, and the following year he married Betty Pezzoni. They had two daughters.[2] Kusch House, a residential dormitory for undergraduate students at Case Western Reserve University in Cleveland, Ohio on the South Campus, is named after Kusch. It is located on Carlton Road in Cleveland Heights. The University of Texas at Dallas has a Polykarp Kusch Auditorium with a plaque.
Kusch died on March 20, 1993, in Dallas at the age of 82.
Recognition
Memberships
| Year | Organization | Type | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1940 |  American Physical Society
|
Fellow | [4] |
| 1956 | National Academy of Sciences
|
Emeritus | [5] |
| 1959 |  American Academy of Arts and Sciences
|
Member | [6] |
| 1967 |  American Philosophical Society
|
Member | [7] |
Awards
| Year | Organization | Award | Citation | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1955 |  Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences
|
Nobel Prize in Physics[lower-alpha 1] | "For his precision determination of the magnetic moment of the electron." | [1] |
Publications
- Rabi, I. I.; Zacharias, J. R.; Millman, S.; Kusch, P. (1938). "A New Method of Measuring Nuclear Magnetic Moment". Physical Review 53 (4): 318. doi:10.1103/PhysRev.53.318. Bibcode: 1938PhRv...53..318R.
- Rabi, I. I.; Millman, S.; Kusch, P.; Zacharias, J. R. (1939). "The Molecular Beam Resonance Method for Measuring Nuclear Magnetic Moments. The Magnetic Moments of 3Li6, 3Li7 and 9F19". Physical Review 55 (6): 526–535. doi:10.1103/PhysRev.55.526. Bibcode: 1939PhRv...55..526R.
- Rabi, I. I.; Zacharias, J. R.; Millman, S.; Kusch, P. (1992). "Milestones in Magnetic Resonance: 'A new method of measuring nuclear magnetic moment'. 1938". Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging 2 (2): 131–133. doi:10.1002/jmri.1880020203. PMID 1562763.
- Kusch, P.; Foley, H. M. (1948). "The Magnetic Moment of the Electron". Physical Review 74 (3): 250–263. doi:10.1103/PhysRev.74.250. PMID 17820251. Bibcode: 1948PhRv...74..250R.
See also
- List of Case Western Reserve University people
Notes
- ↑ Shared with Willis Lamb.
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 "Nobel Prize in Physics 1955". Nobel Foundation. https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1955/summary/.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Ramsey, Norman F. (2008). "Polykarp Kusch". National Academy of Sciences. https://www.nasonline.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/kusch-polykarp.pdf.
- ↑ "Polykarp Kusch – Biographical". Nobel Foundation. https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1955/kusch/biographical/.
- ↑ "APS Fellow Archive". https://www.aps.org/programs/honors/fellowships/archive-all.cfm?initial=&year=1940&unit_id=&institution=Columbia+University.
- ↑ "P. Kusch". https://www.nasonline.org/directory-entry/p-kusch-se2o50/.
- ↑ "Polykarp Kusch". https://www.amacad.org/person/polykarp-kusch.
- ↑ "APS Member History". https://search.amphilsoc.org/memhist/search?creator=Polykarp+Kusch&title=&subject=&subdiv=&mem=&year=&year-max=&dead=&keyword=&smode=advanced.
External links
- Miss nobel-id as parameter including his Nobel Lecture, December 12, 1955 The Magnetic Moment of the Electron
- Browne, Malcolm W. (March 23, 1993). "Polykarp Kusch, Nobel Laureate In Physics in 1955, Is Dead at 82". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/1993/03/23/obituaries/polykarp-kusch-nobel-laureate-in-physics-in-1955-is-dead-at-82.html.
Related archival collections
- Haskell A. Reich collection of student notes, circa 1945-1954, Niels Bohr Library & Archives (includes lecture notes from Polykarp Kusch's courses at Columbia University)
Template:1955 Nobel Prize winners
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