Biography:Yoichiro Nambu
Yoichiro Nambu 南部 陽一郎 | |
|---|---|
 Nambu in 2005 | |
| Born | 18 January 1921 |
| Died | 5 July 2015 (aged 94) Toyonaka, Osaka, Japan |
| Citizenship | United States (from 1970) |
| Alma mater | Tokyo Imperial University |
| Known for | Spontaneous symmetry breaking String theory Nambu–Goto action Nambu-Goldstone boson Nambu mechanics Nambu–Jona-Lasinio model |
| Spouse(s) | Chieko Hida |
| Children | 1 Son (John) |
| Awards | Heineman Prize (1970) J. Robert Oppenheimer Memorial Prize (1976) Order of Culture of Japan (1978) US National Medal of Science (1982) Max Planck Medal (1985) Dirac Medal (1986) J.J. Sakurai Prize (1994) Wolf Prize in Physics (1994/1995) Franklin Medal (2005) Pomeranchuk Prize (2007) Nobel Prize in Physics (2008) |
| Scientific career | |
| Fields | Physics |
| Institutions | University of Tokyo (1942–49) Osaka City University (1949–52) Institute for Advanced Study (1952–54) University of Chicago (1954– 2015) |
| Modern physics |
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| [math]\displaystyle{ \hat{H} | \psi_n(t) \rangle = i \hbar \frac{\partial}{\partial t} | \psi_n(t) \rangle }[/math] [math]\displaystyle{ \frac { 1 }{ { c }^{ 2 } } \frac { { \partial }^{ 2 }{ \phi }_{n} }{ { \partial t }^{ 2 } } -{ { \nabla }^{ 2 }{ \phi }_{n} }+{ \left( \frac { mc }{ \hbar } \right) }^{ 2 }{ \phi }_{n}=0 }[/math] |
| Quantum field theory |
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| History |
| Standard Model of particle physics |
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Yoichiro Nambu (南部 陽一郎 Nanbu Yōichirō, 18 January 1921 – 5 July 2015) was a Japanese-American physicist and professor at the University of Chicago.[1]
Known for his contributions to the field of theoretical physics, he was awarded half of the Nobel Prize in Physics in 2008 for the discovery in 1960 of the mechanism of spontaneous broken symmetry in subatomic physics, related at first to the strong interaction's chiral symmetry and later to the electroweak interaction and Higgs mechanism.[2]
The other half was split equally between Makoto Kobayashi and Toshihide Maskawa "for the discovery of the origin of the broken symmetry which predicts the existence of at least three families of quarks in nature."[2]
Early life and education
Nambu was born in Tokyo, Japan, in 1921. After graduating from the then Fukui Secondary High School in Fukui City, he enrolled in the Imperial University of Tokyo and studied physics. He received his Bachelor of Science in 1942 and Doctorate of Science in 1952.[2] In 1949 he was appointed to associate professor at Osaka City University[3] and promoted to professorship the next year at the age of 29.[2]
In 1952, he was invited by the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, New Jersey, United States, to study. He moved to the University of Chicago in 1954 and was promoted to professor in 1958.[4] From 1974 to 1977 he was also Chairman of the Department of Physics.[5] He became a United States citizen in 1970.[6]
Career in physics
Nambu proposed the "color charge" of quantum chromodynamics,[7] having done early work on spontaneous symmetry breaking in particle physics,[8] and having discovered that the dual resonance model could be explained as a quantum mechanical theory of strings.[9][10] He was accounted as one of the founders of string theory.[11]
After more than fifty years as a professor, he was Henry Pratt Judson Distinguished Service Professor emeritus at the University of Chicago's Department of Physics and Enrico Fermi Institute.[12][13]
The Nambu–Goto action in string theory is named after Nambu and Tetsuo Goto. Also, massless bosons arising in field theories with spontaneous symmetry breaking are sometimes referred to as Nambu–Goldstone bosons.[14][15]
Death
Nambu died on 5 July 2015 at the age of 94 in Osaka due to a heart attack.[16][17] His funeral and memorial services were held among close relatives.[16]
Recognition
Nambu won numerous honors and awards including the Dannie Heineman Prize (1970), the J. Robert Oppenheimer Memorial Prize (1977),[18][19] Japan's Order of Culture (1978), the U.S.'s National Medal of Science (1982), the Max Planck Medal (1985), the Dirac Prize (1986), the Sakurai Prize (1994), the Wolf Prize in Physics (1994/1995), and the Franklin Institute's Benjamin Franklin Medal (2005).[3][20] He was awarded one-half of the 2008 Nobel Prize in Physics "for the discovery of the mechanism of spontaneous broken symmetry in subatomic physics".[2][21][22]
See also
- List of Japanese Nobel laureates
- List of Nobel laureates affiliated with the University of Tokyo
- Nambu, Yoichiro (1985) Quarks, World Scientific, Singapore
References
- ↑ "2008年ノーベル物理学賞受賞の南部陽一郎 大阪大学特別栄誉教授がご逝去されました". Osaka University. 17 July 2015. http://www.osaka-u.ac.jp/ja/news/topics/2015/07/20150717_01.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 Nambu, Yoichiro (2008). "Les Prix Nobel – The Nobel Prizes 2008". in Karl Grandin. Stockholm: The Nobel Foundation. https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/2008/nambu.html.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Hatsuda, Tetsuo. "Notable Alumni: Yoichiro Nambu". http://www.s.u-tokyo.ac.jp/en/research/alumni/nambu/.
- ↑ Chicago Tribune (October 8, 2008) "University of Chicago physicist Yoichiro Nambu wins Nobel Prize"
- ↑ Grimes, William (17 July 2015), "Yoichiro Nambu, Nobel-Winning Physicist, Dies at 94", The New York Times, https://www.nytimes.com/2015/07/18/us/yoichiro-nambu-nobel-winning-physicist-dies-at-94.html
- ↑ Matt Moore; Karl Ritter (7 October 2008). "Chicago Professor Shares Nobel Prize In Physics". NPR. https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=95460513.
- ↑ Serway, Raymond; Moses, Clement; Moyer, Curt (2004). "Elementary Particles". Modern Physics (3rd ed.). Thomson Learning. p. 577. ISBN 1111794375. https://books.google.com/books?id=uTM8AAAAQBAJ&q=Yoichiro+Nambu+color+charge+quantum+-wikipedia&pg=PA577. Retrieved 19 July 2015.
- ↑ Xing, Zhizhong; Shun Zhou (2011). "Neutrinos within the Standard Model". Neutrinos in Particle Physics, Astronomy and Cosmology. Zhejiang University Press. p. 23. ISBN 9783642175602. https://books.google.com/books?id=6QXqlCHLjJkC&q=Yoichiro+Nambu+spontaneous+symmetry+-wikipedia&pg=PA23. Retrieved 19 July 2015.
- ↑ Nambu, Y. (1970). "Quark model and the factorization of the Veneziano amplitude." In R. Chand (ed.), Symmetries and quark models (pp. 269–277). Singapore: World Scientific.
- ↑ Pesic, Peter (2014). "Unheard Harmonies". Music and the Making of Modern Science. Massachusetts Institute of Technology Press. ISBN 9780262027274. https://books.google.com/books?id=HfPvAwAAQBAJ&q=Yoichiro+Nambu+dual+resonance+model+-wikipedia&pg=PA279. Retrieved 19 July 2015.
- ↑ Jones, Andrew Zimmerman; Robbins, Daniel (2010). "Ten Notable String Theorists". String Theory for Dummies. Hoboken, New Jersey: Wiley Publishing. p. 347. ISBN 9780470595848. https://books.google.com/books?id=uS6UHlSN54EC&q=nambu+founders+string+theory+-wikipedia&pg=PA347. Retrieved 19 July 2015.
- ↑ "Yoichiro Nambu". https://news.uchicago.edu/profile/yoichiro-nambu.
- ↑ Narins, Brigham (2001). Notable Scientists from 1900 to the Present: N-S. Gale Group. p. 1613. ISBN 9780787617554. https://books.google.com/books?id=piQvAQAAIAAJ&q=nambu+henry+pratt+judson+professor+-wikipedia.
- ↑ Nambu, Y.; Jona-Lasinio, G. (1961-04-01). "Dynamical Model of Elementary Particles Based on an Analogy with Superconductivity. I". Physical Review (American Physical Society (APS)) 122 (1): 345–358. doi:10.1103/physrev.122.345. ISSN 0031-899X. Bibcode: 1961PhRv..122..345N.
- ↑ Nambu, Y.; Jona-Lasinio, G. (1961-10-01). "Dynamical Model of Elementary Particles Based on an Analogy with Superconductivity. II". Physical Review (American Physical Society (APS)) 124 (1): 246–254. doi:10.1103/physrev.124.246. ISSN 0031-899X. Bibcode: 1961PhRv..124..246N.
- ↑ 16.0 16.1 "南部陽一郎 大阪大学特別栄誉教授のご逝去について". http://www.osaka-u.ac.jp/ja/news/topics/2015/07/20150717_01.
- ↑ "Nobel laureate in physics, Yoichiro Nambu dies at 94". EFE. 17 July 2015. http://www.laprensasa.com/309_america-in-english/3229007_nobel-laureate-in-physics-yoichiro-nambu-dies-at-94.html.
- ↑ Walter, Claire (1982). Winners, the blue ribbon encyclopedia of awards. Facts on File Inc.. p. 438. ISBN 9780871963864. https://archive.org/details/winnersblueribbo0000walt.
- ↑ "J. Robert Oppenheimer Prize awarded to Yoichiro Nambu". Physics Today (American Institute of Physics) 29 (3): 76–78. March 1976. doi:10.1063/1.3023388.
- ↑ "Yoichiro Nambu". April 2005. https://www.fi.edu/laureates/yoichiro-nambu.
- ↑ Jonathan Amos (7 October 2008). "Cosmic imperfections celebrated". BBC. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/7656538.stm.
- ↑ Pollard, Niklas (7 October 2008). "Two Japanese, American win 2008 physics Nobel". Reuters. https://www.reuters.com/article/scienceNews/idUSTRE4963JJ20081007.
External links
- Oral history interview with Yoichiro Nambu on 16 July 2004, American Institute of Physics, Niels Bohr Library & Archives
- Yoichiro Nambu, Department of Physics faculty profile, University of Chicago
- Profile, Scientific American Magazine
- Yoichiro Nambu, Sc.D. Biographical Information
- Nambu's most-cited scientific papers
- Yoichiro Nambu's earliest book for the scientific layman
- Yoichiro Nambu's previously unpublished material, including an original article on spontaneously broken symmetry
- "A History of Nobel Physicists from Wartime Japan" Article published in the December 1998 issue of Scientific American, co-authored by Laurie Brown and Yoichiro Nambu
- Tribute upon Prof. Nambu passing by former student Dr. Madhusree Mukerjee
- Guide to the Yoichiro Nambu Papers 1917-2009 at the University of Chicago Special Collections Research Center
- Miss nobel-id as parameter
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