Biography:Serge Haroche

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Short description: French physicist, Nobel laureate
Serge Haroche
Serge Haroche 1 2012.jpg
Haroche in Stockholm (2012)
Born (1944-09-11) 11 September 1944 (age 79)
Casablanca, Morocco[1]
(then a French colony)
NationalityFrench
Alma materÉcole normale supérieure
Pierre-and-Marie-Curie University (Ph.D.)
Known forCavity quantum electrodynamics
AwardsCNRS Gold medal (2009)
Nobel Prize for Physics (2012)
Scientific career
InstitutionsPierre-and-Marie-Curie University
Yale University
Collège de France
Doctoral advisorClaude Cohen-Tannoudji
Websitewww.college-de-france.fr/site/en-serge-haroche

Serge Haroche (born 11 September 1944)[1] is a French physicist who was awarded the 2012 Nobel Prize for Physics jointly with David J. Wineland for "ground-breaking experimental methods that enable measuring and manipulation of individual quantum systems", a study of the particle of light, the photon.[2][3][4] This and his other works developed laser spectroscopy. Since 2001, Haroche is a professor at the Collège de France and holds the chair of quantum physics.

In 1971 he defended his doctoral thesis in physics at the University of Paris VI: his research had been conducted under the direction of Claude Cohen-Tannoudji.[5]

Early life and education

Haroche was born in Casablanca, Morocco, to Albert Haroche (1920–1998), from a Moroccan Jewish family, and Valentine Haroche, born Roubleva (1921–1998), a teacher who was born in Odessa to a Jewish family of physicians who relocated to Morocco in the early 1920s. His father, a lawyer trained in Rabat, was one of seven children born to a family of teachers, Isaac and Esther Haroche, who worked at the École de l’Alliance israélite (AIU).[6][7][8][9][10][11][12]

Both paternal grandparents of Serge Haroche had been AIU students in their respective hometowns of Marrakesh and Tétouan (the school which Esther Azerad attended in Tétouan had been founded in 1862; it was the first school of the AIU network).[13]

Haroche left Morocco and settled in France in 1956, at the end of the French protectorate treaty.

Career

Haroche worked in the Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS) as a research scientist from 1967 to 1975 at the French UMR Kastler–Brossel Laboratory, and spent a year (1972–1973) as a visiting post-doc in Stanford University, in Arthur Leonard Schawlow's team. In 1975 he moved to a professor position at Paris VI University. At the same time he taught in other institutions, in particular at the École polytechnique (1973–1984), MIT (1980)[1], Harvard University (1981), Yale University (1984–1993) and Conservatoire national des arts et métiers (2000). He was head of the Physics department at the École normale supérieure from 1994 to 2000.

Since 2001, Haroche has been a professor at the Collège de France and holds the chair of quantum physics. He is a member of the Société Française de Physique, the European Physical society and a fellow and member of the American Physical Society.

In September 2012, Serge Haroche was elected by his peers to the position of administrator of the Collège de France.

On 9 October 2012 Haroche was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics, together with the American physicist David Wineland, for their work regarding measurement and manipulation of individual quantum systems.

In 2020, Haroche was appointed by European Commissioner for Innovation, Research, Culture, Education and Youth Mariya Gabriel to serve on an independent search committee for the next president of the European Research Council (ERC), chaired by Helga Nowotny.[14]

Research

Serge Haroche (who won Nobel Prize in Physics in 2012) visited Stockholm, June 2016, as a member of the Wallenberg Foundation Scientific Advisory Board.

Haroche works primarily in atomic physics and quantum optics.[15][16][17][18][19][20][21] He is principally known for showing quantum decoherence by experimental observation, while working with colleagues at the École normale supérieure in Paris in 1996.

After a PhD dissertation on dressed atoms under the supervision of Claude Cohen-Tannoudji (himself a Nobel Prize recipient) from 1967 to 1971, he developed new methods for laser spectroscopy, based on the study of quantum beats and superradiance. He then moved on to Rydberg atoms, giant atomic states particularly sensitive to microwaves, which makes them well adapted for studying the interactions between light and matter. He showed that such atoms, coupled to a superconducting cavity containing a few photons, are well-suited to the testing of quantum decoherence and to the realization of quantum logic operations necessary for the treatment of quantum information.

Awards

File:Serge Haroche en.ogv

  • Commander of the French Legion of Honour
  • 1988 Einstein Prize for Laser Science (awarded at Lasers '88).
  • 1990 Fellow of the American Physical Society[22]
  • 1992 The Humboldt Prize
  • 1993 Albert A. Michelson Medal by the Franklin Institute[23]
  • 2007 Charles Hard Townes Award[24] by the OSA
  • 2009 CNRS Gold medal
  • 2012 Nobel Prize in Physics (shared with David J. Wineland)[2]
  • 2017 IEEE Honorary Membership

Personal life

Haroche currently lives in Paris; he is married to the sociologist Claudine Haroche (née Zeligson), also descending from the Russian Jewish émigrés family, with two children (aged 40 and 43).[25][26][27] He is the uncle of French singer–songwriter and actor Raphaël Haroche (known as Raphaël, his stage name).[28]

Bibliography

  • Serge Haroche, Jean-Michel Raimond, Exploring the quantum. Atoms, cavities and photons, Oxford University Press, 2006.

See also

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Miss nobel-id as parameter
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 "Press release – Particle control in a quantum world". Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/2012/press.html. 
  3. ↑ Haroche, S. (2012). "The secrets of my prizewinning research". Nature 490 (7420): 311. doi:10.1038/490311a. PMID 23075943. Bibcode: 2012Natur.490..311H. 
  4. ↑ Phillips, William Daniel (2013). "Profile of David Wineland and Serge Haroche, 2012 Nobel Laureates in Physics". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 110 (18): 7110–1. doi:10.1073/pnas.1221825110. PMID 23584018. Bibcode: 2013PNAS..110.7110P. 
  5. ↑ "Page non trouvée" (in fr). http://www.college-de-france.fr/site/en-serge-haroche/biography.htm. 
  6. ↑ "French Jew, American researcher share Nobel Prize in Physics". Jewish Telegraphic Agency. 2012-10-09. http://www.jta.org/news/article/2012/10/09/3108811/french-jew-american-researcher-share-nobel-prize-in-physics. 
  7. ↑ Laskier, Michael M. (1983). The Alliance Israélite Universelle and the Jewish Communities of Morocco: 1862–1962. New York City: SUNY Press. p. 192. ISBN 9780873956567. https://books.google.com/books?id=2ngrRcV7XPgC&pg=PA192. 
  8. ↑ "MAROC LXXV E 2.25". Europeana. https://www.europeana.eu/resolve/record/09328/0FE56D02F385071C0A11573484717E9CFB9F7A7A. 
  9. ↑ "French Jew wins 2012 Nobel Prize in Physics along with American colleague". European Jewish Press. 2012-10-09. http://www.ejpress.org/article/news/62250. 
  10. ↑ Jean-Louis Beaucarnot (2012-10-09). "Origines et généalogie de Serge Haroche, prix Nobel de physique". La Revue française de Généalogie. http://www.rfgenealogie.com/s-informer/infos/celebrites/origines-et-genealogie-de-serge-haroche-nobel-de-physique. 
  11. ↑ alexandra j. wall (2004-06-04). "New Jewish Agenda founder Roublev dies at 69". jweekly.com. http://www.jweekly.com/article/full/22861/new-jewish-agenda-founder-roublev-dies-at-69/. 
  12. ↑ Columbia University School of Public Health and Administrative Medicine, class of 1958 (p. 30): Alexander Roublev, M.D. (Serge Haroche's grandfather)
  13. ↑ "Genealogy, career and personal life of Serge Haroche". Numericana. 2017-06-14. http://www.numericana.com/answer/haroche.htm#bio. 
  14. ↑ Commission appoints independent Search Committee and invites nominations and applications to fill the post of the next President of the European Research Council European Commission, press release of October 9, 2020.
  15. ↑ Haroche, S. (2012). "The secrets of my prizewinning research". Nature 490 (7420): 311. doi:10.1038/490311a. PMID 23075943. Bibcode: 2012Natur.490..311H. 
  16. ↑ Sayrin, C. M.; Dotsenko, I.; Zhou, X.; Peaudecerf, B.; Rybarczyk, T. O.; Gleyzes, S. B.; Rouchon, P.; Mirrahimi, M. et al. (2011). "Real-time quantum feedback prepares and stabilizes photon number states". Nature 477 (7362): 73–77. doi:10.1038/nature10376. PMID 21886159. Bibcode: 2011Natur.477...73S. 
  17. ↑ Deléglise, S.; Dotsenko, I.; Sayrin, C. M.; Bernu, J.; Brune, M.; Raimond, J. M.; Haroche, S. (2008). "Reconstruction of non-classical cavity field states with snapshots of their decoherence". Nature 455 (7212): 510–514. doi:10.1038/nature07288. PMID 18818653. Bibcode: 2008Natur.455..510D. 
  18. ↑ Guerlin, C.; Bernu, J.; Deléglise, S.; Sayrin, C. M.; Gleyzes, S. B.; Kuhr, S.; Brune, M.; Raimond, J. M. et al. (2007). "Progressive field-state collapse and quantum non-demolition photon counting". Nature 448 (7156): 889–893. doi:10.1038/nature06057. PMID 17713527. Bibcode: 2007Natur.448..889G. 
  19. ↑ Gleyzes, S. B.; Kuhr, S.; Guerlin, C.; Bernu, J.; Deléglise, S.; Busk Hoff, U.; Brune, M.; Raimond, J. M. et al. (2007). "Quantum jumps of light recording the birth and death of a photon in a cavity". Nature 446 (7133): 297–300. doi:10.1038/nature05589. PMID 17361178. Bibcode: 2007Natur.446..297G. 
  20. ↑ Bertet, P.; Osnaghi, S.; Rauschenbeutel, A.; Nogues, G.; Auffeves, A.; Brune, M.; Raimond, J. M.; Haroche, S. (2001). "A complementarity experiment with an interferometer at the quantum-classical boundary". Nature 411 (6834): 166–170. doi:10.1038/35075517. PMID 11346787. Bibcode: 2001Natur.411..166B. 
  21. ↑ Jean-Michel Raimond; Serge Haroche (2006). Exploring the quantum: atoms, cavities and photons. Oxford [Oxfordshire]: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-850914-6. 
  22. ↑ "APS Fellow Awards". APS. https://www.aps.org/programs/honors/fellowships/archive-all.cfm?initial=&year=1990&unit_id=&institution=. 
  23. ↑ "Franklin Laureate Database – Albert A. Michelson Medal Laureates". Franklin Institute. http://www.fi.edu/winners/show_results.faw?gs=&ln=&fn=&keyword=&subject=&award=MICH+&sy=1967&ey=1997&name=Submit. 
  24. ↑ "Charles Hard Townes Award". Optical Society. http://www.osa.org/en-us/awards_and_grants/awards/award_description/charlestownes/. 
  25. ↑ Claudine Haroche (Zeligson). Iiac.cnrs.fr. Retrieved on 2013-01-27.
  26. ↑ "Marriage of Louis Zeligson and Raymonde Sandberg, Serge Haroche's in-laws". Le Figaro. 1936. http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k409042d.texte.f2.langFR. 
  27. ↑ "myplick.com - myplick Resources and Information.". http://www.myplick.com/view/c2pzlen8DRE/le-monde-08-mars-2008. 
  28. ↑ "Die Nobelpreisträger 2012". Handelsblatt. 2012-10-11. https://www.handelsblatt.com/technologie/forschung-medizin/forschung-innovation/galerie-der-geehrten-die-nobelpreistraeger-2012/7228068.html?slp=false&p=10&a=false#image. 

External links

  • Miss nobel-id as parameter
Awards
Preceded by
Saul Perlmutter
Adam G. Riess
Brian P. Schmidt 		Nobel Prize in Physics laureate
2012
With: David J. Wineland 		Succeeded by
François Englert
Peter Higgs



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