Biology:Chromosome 14

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Short description: Human chromosome
Chromosome 14
Human male karyotpe high resolution - Chromosome 14 cropped.png
Human chromosome 14 pair after G-banding.
One is from mother, one is from father.
Human male karyotpe high resolution - Chromosome 14.png
Chromosome 14 pair
in human male karyogram.
Features
Length (bp)101,161,492 bp
(CHM13)
No. of genes583 (CCDS)[1]
TypeAutosome
Centromere positionAcrocentric[2]
(17.2 Mbp[3])
Complete gene lists
CCDSGene list
HGNCGene list
UniProtGene list
NCBIGene list
External map viewers
EnsemblChromosome 14
EntrezChromosome 14
NCBIChromosome 14
UCSCChromosome 14
Full DNA sequences
RefSeqNC_000014 (FASTA)
GenBankCM000676 (FASTA)

Chromosome 14 is one of the 23 pairs of chromosomes in humans. People normally have two copies of this chromosome. Chromosome 14 spans about 101 million base pairs (the building material of DNA) and represents between 3 and 3.5% of the total DNA in cells.

The centromere of chromosome 14 is positioned approximately at position 17.2 Mbp.

Genes

Number of genes

The following are some of the gene count estimates of human chromosome 14. Because researchers use different approaches to genome annotation their predictions of the number of genes on each chromosome varies (for technical details, see gene prediction). Among various projects, the collaborative consensus coding sequence project (CCDS) takes an extremely conservative strategy. So CCDS's gene number prediction represents a lower bound on the total number of human protein-coding genes.[4]

Estimated by Protein-coding genes Non-coding RNA genes Pseudogenes Source Release date
CCDS 583 — — [1] 2016-09-08
HGNC 593 324 513 [5] 2017-05-12
Ensembl 820 856 518 [6] 2017-03-29
UniProt 720 — — [7] 2018-02-28
NCBI 621 690 598 [8][9][10] 2017-05-19

Gene list

See also: Category:Genes on human chromosome 14

The following is a partial list of genes on human chromosome 14. For complete list, see the link in the infobox on the right.


Diseases and disorders

The following diseases are some of those related to genes on chromosome 14:



Cytogenetic band

G-banding ideograms of human chromosome 14
G-banding ideogram of human chromosome 14 in resolution 850 bphs. Band length in this diagram is proportional to base-pair length. This type of ideogram is generally used in genome browsers (e.g. Ensembl, UCSC Genome Browser).
G-banding patterns of human chromosome 14 in three different resolutions (400,[12] 550[13] and 850[3]). Band length in this diagram is based on the ideograms from ISCN (2013).[14] This type of ideogram represents actual relative band length observed under a microscope at the different moments during the mitotic process.[15]
G-bands of human chromosome 14 in resolution 850 bphs[16]
Chr. Arm[17] Band[18] ISCN
start[19] 		ISCN
stop[19] 		Basepair
start 		Basepair
stop 		Stain[20] Density
14 p 13 0 284 1 3,600,000 gvar
14 p 12 284 624 3,600,001 8,000,000 stalk
14 p 11.2 624 1249 8,000,001 16,100,000 gvar
14 p 11.1 1249 1433 16,100,001 17,200,000 acen
14 q 11.1 1433 1660 17,200,001 18,200,000 acen
14 q 11.2 1660 2043 18,200,001 24,100,000 gneg
14 q 12 2043 2313 24,100,001 32,900,000 gpos 100
14 q 13.1 2313 2469 32,900,001 34,800,000 gneg
14 q 13.2 2469 2582 34,800,001 36,100,000 gpos 50
14 q 13.3 2582 2724 36,100,001 37,400,000 gneg
14 q 21.1 2724 2923 37,400,001 43,000,000 gpos 100
14 q 21.2 2923 3008 43,000,001 46,700,000 gneg
14 q 21.3 3008 3264 46,700,001 50,400,000 gpos 100
14 q 22.1 3264 3491 50,400,001 53,600,000 gneg
14 q 22.2 3491 3604 53,600,001 55,000,000 gpos 25
14 q 22.3 3604 3718 55,000,001 57,600,000 gneg
14 q 23.1 3718 3916 57,600,001 61,600,000 gpos 75
14 q 23.2 3916 4044 61,600,001 64,300,000 gneg
14 q 23.3 4044 4186 64,300,001 67,400,000 gpos 50
14 q 24.1 4186 4484 67,400,001 69,800,000 gneg
14 q 24.2 4484 4626 69,800,001 73,300,000 gpos 50
14 q 24.3 4626 4839 73,300,001 78,800,000 gneg
14 q 31.1 4839 5051 78,800,001 83,100,000 gpos 100
14 q 31.2 5051 5094 83,100,001 84,400,000 gneg
14 q 31.3 5094 5349 84,400,001 89,300,000 gpos 100
14 q 32.11 5349 5406 89,300,001 91,400,000 gneg
14 q 32.12 5406 5505 91,400,001 94,200,000 gpos 25
14 q 32.13 5505 5619 94,200,001 95,800,000 gneg
14 q 32.2 5619 5732 95,800,001 100,900,000 gpos 50
14 q 32.31 5732 5903 100,900,001 102,700,000 gneg
14 q 32.32 5903 6016 102,700,001 103,500,000 gpos 50
14 q 32.33 6016 6300 103,500,001 107,043,718 gneg

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 "Search results - 14[CHR] AND "Homo sapiens"[Organism] AND ("has ccds"[Properties] AND alive[prop]) - Gene". 2016-09-08. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene?term=14%5BChr%5D%20AND%20%22Homo%20sapiens%22%5BOrganism%5D%20AND%20%28%22has%20ccds%22%5BProperties%5D%20AND%20alive%5Bprop%5D%29&cmd=DetailsSearch. 
  2. ↑ Tom Strachan; Andrew Read (2 April 2010). Human Molecular Genetics. Garland Science. p. 45. ISBN 978-1-136-84407-2. https://books.google.com/books?id=dSwWBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA45. 
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Genome Decoration Page, NCBI. Ideogram data for Homo sapience (850 bphs, Assembly GRCh38.p3). Last update 2014-06-03. Retrieved 2017-04-26.
  4. ↑ Pertea M, Salzberg SL (2010). "Between a chicken and a grape: estimating the number of human genes.". Genome Biol 11 (5): 206. doi:10.1186/gb-2010-11-5-206. PMID 20441615. 
  5. ↑ "Statistics & Downloads for chromosome 14". 2017-05-12. https://www.genenames.org/cgi-bin/statistics?c=14. 
  6. ↑ "Chromosome 14: Chromosome summary - Homo sapiens". 2017-03-29. http://mar2017.archive.ensembl.org/Homo_sapiens/Location/Chromosome?r=14. 
  7. ↑ "Human chromosome 14: entries, gene names and cross-references to MIM". 2018-02-28. https://www.uniprot.org/docs/humchr14.txt. 
  8. ↑ "Search results - 14[CHR] AND "Homo sapiens"[Organism] AND ("genetype protein coding"[Properties] AND alive[prop]) - Gene". 2017-05-19. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene?term=14%5BCHR%5D%20AND%20%22Homo%20sapiens%22%5BOrganism%5D%20AND%20%28%22genetype%20protein%20coding%22%5BProperties%5D%20AND%20alive%5Bprop%5D%29&cmd=DetailsSearch. 
  9. ↑ "Search results - 14[CHR] AND "Homo sapiens"[Organism] AND ( ("genetype miscrna"[Properties] OR "genetype ncrna"[Properties] OR "genetype rrna"[Properties] OR "genetype trna"[Properties] OR "genetype scrna"[Properties] OR "genetype snrna"[Properties] OR "genetype snorna"[Properties]) NOT "genetype protein coding"[Properties] AND alive[prop]) - Gene". 2017-05-19. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene?term=14%5BCHR%5D%20AND%20%22Homo%20sapiens%22%5BOrganism%5D%20AND%20%28%28%22genetype%20miscrna%22%5BProperties%5D%20OR%20%22genetype%20ncrna%22%5BProperties%5D%20OR%20%22genetype%20rrna%22%5BProperties%5D%20OR%20%22genetype%20trna%22%5BProperties%5D%20OR%20%22genetype%20scrna%22%5BProperties%5D%20OR%20%22genetype%20snrna%22%5BProperties%5D%20OR%20%22genetype%20snorna%22%5BProperties%5D%29%20NOT%20%22genetype%20protein%20coding%22%5BProperties%5D%20AND%20alive%5Bprop%5D%29&cmd=DetailsSearch. 
  10. ↑ "Search results - 14[CHR] AND "Homo sapiens"[Organism] AND ("genetype pseudo"[Properties] AND alive[prop]) - Gene". 2017-05-19. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene?term=14%5BCHR%5D%20AND%20%22Homo%20sapiens%22%5BOrganism%5D%20AND%20%28%22genetype%20pseudo%22%5BProperties%5D%20AND%20alive%5Bprop%5D%29&cmd=DetailsSearch. 
  11. ↑ "Concerted regulation of myofiber-specific gene expression and muscle performance by the transcriptional repressor Sox6". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 108 (25): 10196–201. June 2011. doi:10.1073/pnas.1107413108. PMID 21633012. Bibcode: 2011PNAS..10810196Q. 
  12. ↑ Genome Decoration Page, NCBI. Ideogram data for Homo sapience (400 bphs, Assembly GRCh38.p3). Last update 2014-03-04. Retrieved 2017-04-26.
  13. ↑ Genome Decoration Page, NCBI. Ideogram data for Homo sapience (550 bphs, Assembly GRCh38.p3). Last update 2015-08-11. Retrieved 2017-04-26.
  14. ↑ International Standing Committee on Human Cytogenetic Nomenclature (2013). ISCN 2013: An International System for Human Cytogenetic Nomenclature (2013). Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers. ISBN 978-3-318-02253-7. https://books.google.com/books?id=lGCLrh0DIwEC. 
  15. ↑ Sethakulvichai, W.; Manitpornsut, S.; Wiboonrat, M.; Lilakiatsakun, W.; Assawamakin, A.; Tongsima, S. (2012). "Estimation of band level resolutions of human chromosome images". 2012 Ninth International Conference on Computer Science and Software Engineering (JCSSE). pp. 276–282. doi:10.1109/JCSSE.2012.6261965. ISBN 978-1-4673-1921-8. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/261304470. 
  16. ↑ Genome Decoration Page, NCBI. Ideogram data for Homo sapience (850 bphs, Assembly GRCh38.p3). Last update 2014-06-03. Retrieved 2017-04-26.
  17. ↑ "p": Short arm; "q": Long arm.
  18. ↑ For cytogenetic banding nomenclature, see article locus.
  19. ↑ 19.0 19.1 These values (ISCN start/stop) are based on the length of bands/ideograms from the ISCN book, An International System for Human Cytogenetic Nomenclature (2013). Arbitrary unit.
  20. ↑ gpos: Region which is positively stained by G banding, generally AT-rich and gene poor; gneg: Region which is negatively stained by G banding, generally CG-rich and gene rich; acen Centromere. var: Variable region; stalk: Stalk.

External links



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