Biology:Interleukin-12 subunit beta

From HandWiki
Short description: Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

A representation of the 3D structure of the protein myoglobin showing turquoise α-helices.
Generic protein structure example

Subunit beta of interleukin 12 (also known as IL-12B, natural killer cell stimulatory factor 2, cytotoxic lymphocyte maturation factor p40, or interleukin-12 subunit p40)[1] is a protein subunit that in humans is encoded by the IL12B gene. IL-12B is a common subunit of interleukin 12 and interleukin 23.

Function

This gene encodes a subunit of interleukin 12, a cytokine that acts on T and natural killer cells, and has a broad array of biological activities. Interleukin 12 is a disulfide-linked heterodimer composed of the 40 kDa cytokine receptor like subunit encoded by this gene, and a 35 kDa subunit encoded by IL12A. This cytokine is expressed by activated macrophages that serve as an essential inducer of Th1 cells development. This cytokine has been found to be important for sustaining a sufficient number of memory/effector Th1 cells to mediate long-term protection to an intracellular pathogen. Overexpression of this gene was observed in the central nervous system of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), suggesting a role of this cytokine in the pathogenesis of the disease. The promoter polymorphism of this gene has been reported to be associated with the severity of atopic and non-atopic asthma in children.[1]

Role in receptor sharing with other interleukins

Interleukin-12 p40 also serves as a subunit of interleukin 23.[2] Interleukin-12 p40 is characterized as binding to interleukin 12's beta 1 subunit, which is also a component of the interleukin 23 receptor, and binds to the beta 1 subunit while in complex with the interleukin 23 receptor as interleukin 23.[3]

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 "Entrez Gene: IL12B interleukin 12B (natural killer cell stimulatory factor 2, cytotoxic lymphocyte maturation factor 2, p40)". https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=3593. 
  2. ↑ "Novel p19 protein engages IL-12p40 to form a cytokine, IL-23, with biological activities similar as well as distinct from IL-12". Immunity 13 (5): 715–725. November 2000. doi:10.1016/S1074-7613(00)00070-4. PMID 11114383. 
  3. ↑ "Structural basis for IL-12 and IL-23 receptor sharing reveals a gateway for shaping actions on T versus NK cells". Cell 184 (4): 983–999.e24. February 2021. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2021.01.018. PMID 33606986. 

Further reading



Retrieved from "https://handwiki.org/wiki/index.php?title=Biology:Interleukin-12_subunit_beta&oldid=4517501"