Biology:Pterobranchia mitochondrial code
The pterobranchia mitochondrial code (translation table 24) is a genetic code used by the mitochondrial genome of Rhabdopleura compacta (Pterobranchia). The Pterobranchia are one of the two groups in the Hemichordata which together with the Echinodermata and Chordata form the three major lineages of deuterostomes. AUA translates to isoleucine in Rhabdopleura as it does in the Echinodermata and Enteropneusta while AUA encodes methionine in the Chordata. The assignment of AGG to lysine is not found elsewhere in deuterostome mitochondria but it occurs in some taxa of Arthropoda.[1] This code shares with many other mitochondrial codes the reassignment of the UGA STOP to tryptophan, and AGG and AGA to an amino acid other than arginine. The initiation codons in Rhabdopleura compacta are ATG and GTG.[1]
Code 24 is very similar to the mitochondrial code 33 for the Pterobranchia.[2]
The code
AAs = FFLLSSSSYY**CCWWLLLLPPPPHHQQRRRRIIIMTTTTNNKKSSSKVVVVAAAADDEEGGGGStarts = ---M---------------M---------------M---------------M------------Base1 = TTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGBase2 = TTTTCCCCAAAAGGGGTTTTCCCCAAAAGGGGTTTTCCCCAAAAGGGGTTTTCCCCAAAAGGGGBase3 = TCAGTCAGTCAGTCAGTCAGTCAGTCAGTCAGTCAGTCAGTCAGTCAGTCAGTCAGTCAGTCAG
Bases: adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G) and thymine (T) or uracil (U).
Amino acids: Alanine (Ala, A), Arginine (Arg, R), Asparagine (Asn, N), Aspartic acid (Asp, D), Cysteine (Cys, C), Glutamic acid (Glu, E), Glutamine (Gln, Q), Glycine (Gly, G), Histidine (His, H), Isoleucine (Ile, I), Leucine (Leu, L), Lysine (Lys, K), Methionine (Met, M), Phenylalanine (Phe, F), Proline (Pro, P), Serine (Ser, S), Threonine (Thr, T), Tryptophan (Trp, W), Tyrosine (Tyr, Y), Valine (Val, V)
Differences from the standard code
| DNA codons | RNA codons | This code (24) | Standard code (1) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
AGA |
AGA |
Ser (S) |
Arg (R)
| |
AGG |
AGG |
Lys (K) |
Arg (R)
| |
TGA |
UGA |
Trp (W) |
STOP = Ter (*)
|
See also
References
This article incorporates text from the United States National Library of Medicine, which is in the public domain. [3]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Perseke, Marleen; Hetmank, Joerg; Bernt, Matthias; Stadler, Peter F; Schlegel, Martin; Bernhard, Detlef (2011-05-20). "The enigmatic mitochondrial genome of Rhabdopleura compacta(Pterobranchia) reveals insights into selection of an efficient tRNA system and supports monophyly of Ambulacraria" (in en). BMC Evolutionary Biology 11 (1): 134. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-11-134. ISSN 1471-2148. PMID 21599892.
- ↑ Li, Yuanning; Kocot, Kevin M.; Tassia, Michael G.; Cannon, Johanna T.; Bernt, Matthias; Halanych, Kenneth M. (2019-01-01). "Mitogenomics Reveals a Novel Genetic Code in Hemichordata" (in en). Genome Biology and Evolution 11 (1): 29–40. doi:10.1093/gbe/evy254. PMID 30476024.
- ↑ Elzanowski, Andrzej; Ostell, Jim; Leipe, Detlef; Soussov, Vladimir. "The Genetic Codes". Taxonomy browser. National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), U.S. National Library of Medicine. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/taxonomyhome.html/index.cgi?chapter=tgencodes#thetop.
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