Chemistry:Glucogenic amino acid
From HandWiki
A glucogenic amino acid (or glucoplastic amino acid[1]) is an amino acid that can be converted into glucose through gluconeogenesis.[2][3] This is in contrast to the ketogenic amino acids, which are converted into ketone bodies.
The production of glucose from glucogenic amino acids involves these amino acids being converted to alpha keto acids and then to glucose, with both processes occurring in the liver. This mechanism predominates during catabolysis, rising as fasting and starvation increase in severity.
In humans, the glucogenic amino acids are:
- Alanine
- Arginine
- Asparagine
- Aspartic acid
- Cysteine
- Glutamic acid
- Glutamine
- Glycine
- Histidine
- Methionine
- Proline
- Serine
- Valine
Amino acids that are both glucogenic and ketogenic (mnemonic "PITTT"):
Only leucine and lysine are not glucogenic (they are only ketogenic).
See also
- Glycolysis
- Ketogenic amino acid
- List of standard amino acids
- Metabolism
References
- ↑ Müller, M. J.; Seitz, H. J. (1984). "Thyroid hormone action on intermediary metabolism. Part III. Protein metabolism in hyper- and hypothyroidism". Klinische Wochenschrift 62 (3): 97–102. doi:10.1007/BF01738699. PMID 6231411.
- ↑ Brosnan J (1 June 2003). "Interorgan amino acid transport and its regulation". J Nutr 133 (6 Suppl 1): 2068S–2072S. doi:10.1093/jn/133.6.2068S. PMID 12771367.
- ↑ Young V, Ajami A (1 September 2001). "Glutamine: the emperor or his clothes?". J Nutr 131 (9 Suppl): 2449S–59S; discussion 2486S–7S. doi:10.1093/jn/131.9.2449S. PMID 11533293.
External links
- Amino acid metabolism
- Chapter on Amino acid catabolism in Biochemistry by Jeremy Berg, John Tymoczko, Lubert Stryer. Fourth ed. by Lubert Stryer. ISBN:0-7167-4955-6 Accessed 2007-03-17
- Amino acid metabolism
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