Chemistry:Lazurite
| Lazurite | |
|---|---|
 Lazurite, Ladjuar Medam (Lajur Madan; Lapis-lazuli Mine), Sar-e-Sang District, Koksha Valley (Kokscha; Kokcha), Badakhshan (Badakshan; Badahsan) Province, Afghanistan | |
| General | |
| Category | Tectosilicate |
| Formula (repeating unit) | (Na,Ca) 8[(S,Cl,SO 4,OH) 2|(Al 6Si 6O 24)] |
| Strunz classification | 9.FB.10 |
| Crystal system | Isometric |
| Crystal class | Hextetrahedral (43m) H-M symbol: (4 3m) |
| Space group | P43n |
| Unit cell | a = 9.09 Å; Z = 2 |
| Identification | |
| Color | Deep blue, azure, violet-blue, greenish blue |
| Crystal habit | Crystals occur as dodecahedra, or rarely cubes; granular, disseminated, or massive |
| Cleavage | Imperfect on {110} |
| Fracture | Uneven |
| Tenacity | Brittle |
| Mohs scale hardness | 5–5.5 |
| |re|er}} | Vitreous |
| Diaphaneity | Translucent to opaque |
| Specific gravity | 2.38–2.45 |
| Optical properties | Isotropic; anomalously anisotropic |
| Refractive index | 1.502–1.522 |
| Fusibility | 3.5 |
| Solubility | Soluble in HCl |
| References | [1][2][3][4][5] |
Lazurite is a tectosilicate mineral with sulfate, sulfur and chloride with formula (Na,Ca)
8[(S,Cl,SO
4,OH)
2|(Al
6Si
6O
24)]. It is a feldspathoid and a member of the sodalite group. Lazurite crystallizes in the isometric system although well‐formed crystals are rare. It is usually massive and forms the bulk of the gemstone lapis lazuli.
Mineral
Lazurite is a deep‐blue to greenish‐blue. The colour is due to the presence of S−3 anions.[7] It has a Mohs hardness of 5.0 to 5.5 and a specific gravity of 2.4. It is translucent with a refractive index of 1.50. It is fusible at 3.5 on Wolfgang Franz von Kobell's fusibility scale, and soluble in HCl. It commonly contains or is associated with grains of pyrite.
Lazurite is a product of contact metamorphism of limestone and is typically associated with calcite, pyrite, diopside, humite, forsterite, hauyne and muscovite.[1]
Other blue minerals, such as the carbonate azurite and the phosphate lazulite, may be confused with lazurite, but are easily distinguished with careful examination. At one time, lazurite was a synonym for azurite.[4]
Lazurite was first described in 1890 for an occurrence in the Sar-e-Sang District, Koksha Valley, Badakhshan Province, Afghanistan.[2] It has been mined for more than 6,000 years in the lapis lazuli district of Badakhshan. It has been used as a pigment in painting and cloth dyeing since at least the 6th or 7th century.[8] It is also mined at Lake Baikal in Siberia; Mount Vesuvius; Burma; Canada ; and the United States .[8] The name is from the Persian lajvard for blue.[9]
Structure
Lazurite and hauyne seem to have the same structure and both are sulfate-dominant minerals.[10] Lazurite is a pigment (opalescent) and has a bright blue streak (especially as a component of the semiprecious stone lapis lazuli). Many hauynes have a white or pale blue streak and are translucent. The difference might be a consequence of the redox state (sulfate to sulfide ratio).[7][11]
See also
- Chemistry:Hauyne – Silicate mineral
- Ultramarine – Deep blue purple color pigment which was originally made with ground lapis lazuli
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Handbook of Mineralogy
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Mindat with location data
- ↑ Webmineral data
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Hurlbut, Cornelius S. and Klein, Cornelis, 1985, Manual of Mineralogy, 20th ed., Wiley, p. 459 ISBN:0-471-80580-7
- ↑ "Mineralogical Society of America". http://www.handbookofmineralogy.com/pdfs/lazurite.pdf.
- ↑ Warr, L.N. (2021). "IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols". Mineralogical Magazine 85 (3): 291–320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43. Bibcode: 2021MinM...85..291W.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 Tauson VL, Sapozhnikov AN (2003). "On the nature of lazurite coloring" (in ru). Zapiski Vserossijskogo Mineralogicheskogo Obshchestva 132 (5): 102–107. http://rruff.info/rruff_1.0/uploads/ZVMO132N5_102.pdf.
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 Eastaugh, Nicholas (2004). The Pigment Compendium: Optical Microscopy of Historical Pigments. Oxford: Elsevier Butterworth-Heinemann. p. 219. ISBN 0-7506-4553-9.
- ↑ "Tile fragment". Victoria and Albert Museum. https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O256542/tile-fragment/.
- ↑ Moore, T.P.; Woodside, R. W. M. (2014). "The Sar-e-Sang Lapis Mines". Mineralogical Record 45 (3): 281–336.
- ↑ "The sulfur speciation in S-bearing minerals: New constraints by a combination of electron microprobe analysis and DFT calculations with special reference to sodalite-group minerals". American Mineralogist 97 (10): 1653–1661. 2012. doi:10.2138/am.2012.4031. Bibcode: 2012AmMin..97.1653H.
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