Chemistry:Magnesium aspartate

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Short description: Chemical compound

Magnesium aspartate
Clinical data
AHFS/Drugs.comConsumer Drug Information
ATC code
Identifiers
CAS Number
PubChem CID
DrugBank
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UNII
Chemical and physical data
FormulaC8H12MgN2O8
Molar mass288.495 g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)
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Magnesium aspartate is a magnesium salt of L-aspartic acid, an amino acid. The chemical formula of magnesium aspartate is Mg(C
4H
6NO
4)
2(H
2O)
2. It is used as a mineral supplement and as an ingredient in the manufacture of cosmetics and household products.[1]

Because magnesium is an essential micronutrient,[2] the use of magnesium aspartate as a supplement is intended to increase magnesium levels in the body.[3][4] The salt is primarily used as a dietary supplement to address magnesium deficiency, and is an ingredient in cosmetics and personal care products as a buffering agent.[5] Magnesium aspartate is investigated for its potential in managing conditions such as chronic fatigue, electrolyte balance in cardiac surgery and other disorders related to magnesium deficiency, though it is not approved as a standalone medical treatment in major jurisdictions such as the United States or the European Union.[6][7]

Bioavailability

Absorption of magnesium from different preparations of magnesium supplements varies, and the Micronutrient Information Center of the Linus Pauling Institute at Oregon State University reports that magnesium in the aspartate and several other forms has more complete absorption than the magnesium oxide and magnesium citrate forms.[3]

In its evaluation in 2005, a scientific panel of the European Food Safety Authority concluded that the bioavailability of magnesium L-aspartate was similar to that from other organic magnesium salts and the more soluble inorganic magnesium salts.[8] The panel concluded that organic salts of magnesium have the greatest water solubility and demonstrate greater oral absorption and bioavailability than less soluble magnesium preparations such as magnesium oxide, magnesium hydroxide, magnesium carbonate and magnesium sulfate.[9]

Chemical structure and properties

Magnesium aspartate is a compound formed by the combination of the divalent magnesium cation (Mg2+) and the aspartate. The chemical formula for this compound is quoted as "Mg(C
4H
6NO
4)
2",[1][10] but detailed chemical analysis reveals a more complicated formula that also includes water bonded to the magnesium.[11]

Magnesium aspartate is commonly supplied as the tetrahydrate, Mg(C
4H
6NO
4)
2 · 4H2O, with a molar mass of 360.55 g/mol. Magnesium accounts for about 6.7% of this mass, so 1 g of the tetrahydrate provides roughly 67 mg of elemental magnesium; a 175 mg dose of the tetrahydrate (equivalent to 140 mg of the anhydrous salt) supplies 11.8 mg of Mg2+.[12]

A box with tablets of potassium aspartate and magnesium aspartate

Supplemental use

Magnesium deficiency is unlikely to occur from low dietary intake because magnesium is abundant in the food supply and the kidneys restrict its excretion via the urine.[2] Long-term deficiency of magnesium may result from chronic alcoholism or some prescription drugs.[2] Signs of deficiency that may require magnesium supplementation include loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, fatigue and weakness.[2] Magnesium aspartate is sometimes marketed in a mixture with potassium aspartate.[13][14]

Dosage

Institute of Medicine (IOM) recommendations for supplemental magnesium[2]
Age Male Female Pregnancy Lactation
Birth to 6 months 30 mg* 30 mg*
7–12 months 75 mg* 75 mg*
1–3 years 80 mg 80 mg
4–8 years 130 mg 130 mg
9–13 years 240 mg 240 mg
14–18 years 410 mg 360 mg 400 mg 360 mg
19–30 years 400 mg 310 mg 350 mg 310 mg
31–50 years 420 mg 320 mg 360 mg 320 mg
51 years and over 420 mg 320 mg
  • Adequate Intake (AI)

Magnesium supplements and other magnesium-containing products, such as antacids, can bind with prescription medicines, reducing their effectiveness.[2]

Safety

Adverse effects from magnesium occurring naturally in food have not been described.[3] Excessive magnesium supplementation causes diarrhea, a side effect used by prescription as a laxative.[2][3] Individuals with kidney disease have higher risk of adverse effects with magnesium supplementation.[2][3] Excessive magnesium supplementation may cause a fall in blood pressure.[2][3]

See also

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 "Magnesium L-aspartate". PubChem. U.S. National Library of Medicine. 15 June 2024. https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Magnesium-aspartate. 
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 "Magnesium: Fact sheet for health professionals". Office of Dietary Supplements, US National Institutes of Health. 2 June 2022. https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Magnesium-HealthProfessional/. 
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 "Magnesium". Micronutrient Information Center, Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University. 2024. https://lpi.oregonstate.edu/mic/minerals/magnesium. 
  4. ↑ "Magnesium aspartate". Drugs.com. 18 December 2023. https://www.drugs.com/cdi/magnesium-aspartate.html. 
  5. ↑ "Potassium Aspartate". Cosmetics Info. 2023-09-01. https://www.cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredients/potassium-aspartate/. 
  6. ↑ "Magnesium aspartate". DrugBank Online. 2020-09-09. https://go.drugbank.com/drugs/DB11148. 
  7. ↑ "Dietary vs. pharmacological doses of zinc: A clinical review" (in English). Clinical Nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland) 39 (5): 1345–1353. 2020-05-01. doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2019.06.024. ISSN 0261-5614. PMID 31303527. https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0261561419302808. 
  8. ↑ "Opinion of the Scientific Panel on Food Additives, Flavourings, Processing Aids and Materials in Contact with Foods on a request from the Commission related to Magnesium Aspartate as a mineral substance used as a source of magnesium in dietary foods for special medical purposes". The EFSA Journal 167: 1–6. 2005. 
  9. ↑ "Magnesium aspartate, potassium aspartate, magnesium potassium aspartate, calcium aspartate, zinc aspartate, and copper aspartate as sources for magnesium, potassium, calcium, zinc, and copper added for nutritional purposes to food supplements". The EFSA Journal 883: 1–23. 2008. https://www.efsa.europa.eu/sites/default/files/scientific_output/files/main_documents/ans_ej883_Magnesium_Aspartate_op_en,3.pdf?ssbinary=true. Retrieved 31 December 2015. 
  10. ↑ "Bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of magnesium after administration of magnesium salts to humans". American Journal of Therapeutics 8 (5): 345–357. September 2001. doi:10.1097/00045391-200109000-00008. PMID 11550076. 
  11. ↑ "Elucidation of the Structure of Pharmacologically Active Magnesium L-Aspartate Complexes". Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English 25 (11): 1013–1014. 1986. doi:10.1002/anie.198610131. 
  12. ↑ "Panangin 140 mg/158 mg film-coated tablets: Package leaflet: Information for the user". State Agency of Medicines (Estonia). https://www.ravimiregister.ee/Data/PIL_ENG/PIL_14515_ENG.pdf. 
  13. ↑ "Panangin 140 mg/158 mg film-coated tablets: Package leaflet: Information for the user". State Agency of Medicines (Estonia). https://www.ravimiregister.ee/Data/PIL_ENG/PIL_14515_ENG.pdf. 
  14. ↑ "Potassium Magnesium Aspartate". Inxight Drugs. National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, NIH. https://drugs.ncats.io/drug/55TUI7Q42I. 



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