Chemistry:Sulodexide
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| Routes of administration | Oral, Subcutaneous, Intravenous, Intramuscular |
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Sulodexide, traded as Aterina, is a highly purified mixture of glycosaminoglycans composed of heparan sulfate (80%) and dermatan sulfate (20%).
Pharmacology
The low molecular weight of both sulodexide fractions allows for extensive oral absorption compared to unfractionated heparin. The pharmacological effects of sulodexide differ substantially from other glycosaminoglycans and are mainly characterized by a prolonged half-life and reduced effect on global coagulation and bleeding parameters.[1] Due to the presence of both glycosaminoglycan fractions, sulodexide potentiates the antiprotease activities of both antithrombin III and heparin cofactor II simultaneously.[2]
Uses
Clinically, sulodexide is used for the prophylaxis and treatment of thromboembolic diseases. Research has also demonstrated the beneficial effects of sulodexide in animal models of reperfusion injury[3] and the treatment of diabetic nephropathy.[4][5][6] In combination with melatonin, sulodexide has been shown to be a viable treatment option for patients suffering from central or sensorineural tinnitus.[7][8] There have also been positive results in treating tinnitus using sulodexide as a monotherapy.[9] Sulodexide has also been effectively used in the treatment of chronic venous disease.[10]
References
- ↑ "Sulodexide: a renewed interest in this glycosaminoglycan". Cardiovascular Drug Reviews 24 (3–4): 214–226. 2006. doi:10.1111/j.1527-3466.2006.00214.x. PMID 17214598.
- ↑ "Review of pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, and therapeutic properties of sulodexide". Medicinal Research Reviews 18 (1): 1–20. January 1998. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1098-1128(199801)18:1<1::AID-MED1>3.0.CO;2-4. PMID 9436179.
- ↑ "Sulodexide attenuates myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury and the deposition of C-reactive protein in areas of infarction without affecting hemostasis". The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics 312 (2): 794–800. February 2005. doi:10.1124/jpet.104.075283. PMID 15365091.
- ↑ "One year course of oral sulodexide in the management of diabetic nephropathy". Journal of Nephrology 18 (5): 568–574. 2005. PMID 16299683.
- ↑ "Treatment with a glycosaminoglycan formulation ameliorates experimental diabetic nephropathy". Kidney International 46 (3): 797–806. September 1994. doi:10.1038/ki.1994.335. PMID 7527876.
- ↑ "Glycosaminoglycan sulodexide decreases albuminuria in diabetic patients". Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice 38 (1): 25–31. October 1997. doi:10.1016/S0168-8227(97)00076-4. PMID 9347243.
- ↑ "Management of tinnitus: oral treatment with melatonin and sulodexide". Journal of Biological Regulators and Homeostatic Agents 23 (2): 103–110. 2009. PMID 19589291.
- ↑ Neri G. De Stefano A. Baffa C. Kulamarva G. Di Giovanni P. Petrucci G. Poliandri A. Dispenza F. Citraro L. Croce A. ,"Treatment of central and sensorineural tinnitus with orally administered Melatonin and Sulodexide: personal experience from a randomized controlled study." Acta Otorhinolaryngologica Italica. 29(2):86-91, 2009 Apr.
- ↑ "Sulodexide Monotherapy in Chronic Idiopathic Subjective Tinnitus: A Randomized Controlled Trial". Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery (SAGE Publications) 158 (6): 1107–1112. June 2018. doi:10.1177/0194599818767618. PMID 29712507.
- ↑ "Sulodexide in the treatment of chronic venous disease". American Journal of Cardiovascular Drugs 12 (2): 73–81. April 2012. doi:10.2165/11599360-000000000-00000. PMID 22329592.
External links
- sulodexide at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
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