Social:Choni language
From HandWiki
Short description: Tibetic language spoken in China
| Choni | |
|---|---|
| Thewo-Chone Cone Tibetan | |
| tço.ne | |
| Pronunciation | [tɕo.ne] |
| Native to | China |
| Region | Gansu, Sichuan |
Native speakers | 150,000 (2004)[1] |
Sino-Tibetan
| |
| Dialects |
|
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | cda |
| Glottolog | chon1285[2] |
Choni (Jonê) and Thewo are dialects of a Tibetic language spoken in western China in the vicinity of Jonê County.
Choni has four contrastive aspirated fricatives: /sʰ/ /ɕʰ/, /ʂʰ/, /xʰ/.[3]
Phonology
| Bilabial | Alveolar | Retroflex | (Alveolo-) palatal |
Velar | Uvular | Glottal | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | m | n | ɲ | ŋ | ||||
| Plosive | tenuis | p | t | k | ||||
| aspirated | pʰ | tʰ | kʰ | |||||
| voiced | b | d | ɡ | |||||
| prenasalized | ᵐb | ⁿd | ᵑɡ | |||||
| Affricate | tenuis | t͡s | t͡ʂ | t͡ɕ | ||||
| aspirated | t͡sʰ | t͡ʂʰ | t͡ɕʰ | |||||
| voiced | d͡z | d͡ʐ | d͡ʑ | |||||
| prenasalized | ⁿd͡z | ⁿd͡ʐ | ⁿd͡ʑ | |||||
| Fricative | tenuis | s | ʂ | ɕ | x | h | ||
| aspirated | sʰ | ʂʰ | ɕʰ | xʰ | ||||
| voiced | z | (ʐ) | ʑ | ɣ | (ʁ) | |||
| Sonorant | r | j | w | |||||
| Lateral | fricative | ɬ | ||||||
| approximant | l | |||||||
- /r/ is phonetically a fricativized alveolar trill [r̝], and may be heard as [ʐ] as an allophone.
- A syllable-initial /k/ can be heard as a uvular fricative [χ] before voiceless consonants and as a voiced [ʁ] before voiced consonants. A syllable-final /k/ can be heard as a uvular stop [q] after /æ/ or /ɔ/ vowel sounds.
- [ʁ] can also be heard as an allophone of /ɣ/ between /æ/ or /ɔ/ and another vowel.[4]
| Front | Central | Back | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| short | long | short | long | short | long | |
| Close | i | iː | ʉ | ʉː | u | uː |
| ɪ | ɪː | |||||
| Close-mid | e | eː | o | oː | ||
| Mid | ə | |||||
| Open-mid | ɛ | ɔ | ||||
| Open | æ | ɑ | ɑː | |||
| Front | Central | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Close | ĩː | (ũː) | |
| Close-mid | ẽː | õː | |
| Open | ã ãː |
- [ũː] rarely exists as a phoneme, and is only attested in a few words with a palatal or alveolo-palatal initial.
References
- ↑ Choni at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015)
- ↑ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds (2017). "Choni". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History. http://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/chon1285.
- ↑ Guillaume Jacques 2011. A panchronic study of aspirated fricatives, with new evidence from Pumi, Lingua 121.9:1518–1538
- ↑ Jacques, Guillaume (April 2012). "A phonological profile of Cone". HAL. https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/file/index/docid/684303/filename/A_phonological_profile_of_Cone.pdf.
External links
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