Social:U language

From HandWiki
Short description: Austroasiatic language spoken in Yunnan, China
U
Pouma
RegionChina
Native speakers
40,000 (2000)[1]
Austroasiatic
  • Khasi–Palaungic
Language codes
ISO 639-3uuu
Glottologuuuu1243[2]
Lang Status 60-DE.svg
U is classified as Definitely Endangered by the UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger

The U language or P'uman (Chinese: 濮满), is spoken by 40,000 people in the Yunnan Province of China and possibly Myanmar. It is classified as an Austroasiatic language in the Palaungic branch. In China, U speakers are classified as ethnic Bulang.

Locations

U is spoken in Shuangjiang County of Yunnan and other nearby counties.[3]

  • Wang & Chen (1981) covers the dialect of Pengpan 碰拚, Dafengshan Township 大凤山乡, Shuangjiang County.
  • Zhou & Yan (1983) covers the dialect of Pangpin 胖品,[4] Yongge Township 永革乡, Shuangjiang County.
  • Yan & Zhou (2012) cover U of Gantang 甘塘,[5][6] Yongde County as well as U of Pangpin 胖品.
  • Svantesson (1991:67) documents the U dialect of Paɑ̃ Xɛp (Bangxie, 邦协), Shahe Township 沙河乡, Shuangjiang County.[7]

There two main dialects of U in Shuangjiang County: one spoken in Gongnong (公弄, now part of Mengku Town, 勐库镇) and one spoken in Bangbing (邦丙) and Dawen Mangga (大文乡忙嘎); the Dawen dialect is reportedly mutually intelligible with that of Shidian County (Shuangjiang County Ethnic Gazetteer 1995:160).

Avala (autonym: a21 va21 la21) is spoken in Bangliu (邦六),[8] Manghuai Township (芒怀乡), Yun County (云县), Yunnan, China.[9][10]

Phonology

U has four tones, high, low, rising, falling, which developed from vowel length and the nature of final consonants.

References

  1. ↑ U at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015)
  2. ↑ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds (2017). "U". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History. http://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/uuuu1243. 
  3. ↑ Svantesson (1988)
  4. ↑ "Shuāngjiāng Lāhùzú Wǎzú Bùlǎngzú Dǎizú Zìzhìxiàn Dàwén Xiāng Dàliángzi Cūnwěihuì Pàngpǐn Zìráncūn" (in zh). http://www.ynszxc.gov.cn/villagePage/vindex.aspx?departmentid=100393. 
  5. ↑ "Yǒngdé Xiàn Měngbǎn Xiāng Hùyā Cūnwěihuì Gāntáng Zìráncūn" (in zh). http://www.ynszxc.gov.cn/villagePage/vindex.aspx?departmentid=124591. 
  6. ↑ "Yǒngdé Xiàn Měngbǎn Xiāng Líshù Cūnwěihuì Gāntáng Zìráncūn" (in zh). http://www.ynszxc.gov.cn/villagePage/vindex.aspx?departmentid=124563. 
  7. ↑ "Shuāngjiāng Lāhùzú Wǎzú Bùlǎngzú Dǎizú Zìzhìxiàn Shāhé Xiāng Bāngxié Cūnmín Wěiyuánhuì Bāngxié Zìráncūn" (in zh). http://www.ynszxc.gov.cn/villagePage/vIndex.aspx?departmentid=178409. 
  8. ↑ "Yúnxiàn Mánghuái Yízú Bùlǎngzú Xiāng Bāngliù Cūnwěihuì" (in zh). http://www.ynszxc.gov.cn/villagePage/vIndex.aspx?departmentid=34085. 
  9. ↑ Hsiu, Andrew (2017), "The Angkuic Languages: A Preliminary Survey" (in en), Presented at the 6th International Conference on Austroasiatic Linguistics (ICAAL 6), Siem Reap, Cambodia (Zenodo), doi:10.5281/zenodo.1127808, https://zenodo.org/record/1127808 
  10. ↑ Hsiu, Andrew (2017), "Avala Audio Word List" (in en), Zenodo, doi:10.5281/zenodo.1123297, https://sites.google.com/site/msealangs/austroasiatic/avala 

Further reading

  • Simao Xingshu Minzu Shiwu Weiyuanhui Bian 思茂行署民族事务委员会编 (1991) (in zh). Bùlǎngzú yánjiū. Kunming: Yunnan renmin chubanshe. ISBN 7-222-00803-9. 
  • Svantesson, Jan-Olof (1988). "U" (in en). Linguistics of the Tibeto-Burman Area 11 (1): 64–133. http://sealang.net/sala/archives/pdf8/svantesson1988u.pdf. Retrieved 2012-06-02. 
  • Tao, Chengmei 陶成美 (2016). "Bùlǎngyǔ Lāwǎhuà de zhǐchēng dàicí i55". Minzu Fanyi 民族翻译. doi:10.13742/j.cnki.cn11-5684/h.2016.01.010. 
  • Tao, Chengmei 陶成美 (2016). Bùlǎngyǔ duōxiàng dìngyǔ jí qí yǔxù yánjiū 布朗语多项定语及其语序研究 (M.A. thesis) (in 中文). Zhongyang Minzu Daxue.
  • Tao, Yuming 陶玉明 (2012) (in zh). Zhōngguó Bùlǎngzú. Yinchuan: Ningxia renmin chubanshe. 
  • Wang, Xingzhong 王兴中; Zhao, Weihua 赵卫华 (2013) (in zh). Líncāng dìlǐ yǔ shuāngyǔ shǐyòng. Kunming: Yunnan renmin chubanshe. ISBN 978-7-222-08581-7. 
  • Yan, Qixiang 颜其香; Zhou, Zhizhi 周植志 (2012) (in zh). Zhōngguó Mèng-Gāomián yǔzú yǔyán yǔ Nányǎ yǔxì. Beijing: Shehui kexue wenxian chubanshe. 

Gazetteers and other Chinese government sources with lexical data

  • Nanjian County Gazetteer Commission [南涧县志编纂委员会编] (ed). 1993. Nanjian County Gazetteer [南涧彝族自治县志]. Chengdu: Sichuan Reference Press [四川辞书出版社].
  • Na Ruzhen [納汝珍], et al. (eds). 1994. Zhenkang County Ethnic Gazetteer [镇康县民族志]. Kunming: Yunnan People's Press [云南民族出版社].
  • Simao Prefecture Ethnic Minority Affairs Bureau [思茅行暑民族事务委员会] (ed). 1990. A study of the Bulang people [布朗族研究]. m.s.
  • Xiao Dehua [萧德虎], et al. (eds). 1992. Zhenkang County Gazetteer [镇康县志]. 1992. Chengdu: Sichuan People's Press [四川民族出版社].
  • Yunnan Gazetteer Commission [云南省地方志编纂委员会] (ed). 1998. Yunnan Provincial Gazetteer, Vol. 59: Minority Languages Orthographies Gazetteer [云南省志. 卷五十九, 少数民族语言文字志]. Kunming: Yunnan People's Press [云南人民出版社].

External links




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