Social:Oroqen language

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Short description: Language
Oroqen
Oroqen Language
Oroqen Urkun;
óróčən ulgür
Native toChina
RegionChina : Inner Mongolia, Heilongjiang
EthnicityOroqen
Native speakers
c. 3,789 (2009)e25
Tungusic
  • Northern
    • Evenki
      • Oroqen
Dialects
  • Gankui and Selpechen
Latin
Language codes
ISO 639-3orh
Glottologoroq1238[1]

Oroqen /ˈɒrətʃɛn, ˈɒroʊ-/ ORR-ə-chen, ORR-oh- ( Oroqen Urkun; óróčən ulgür; also known as Orochon, Oronchon, Olunchun, Elunchun or Ulunchun) is a Northern Tungusic language spoken in the People's Republic of China. Dialects are Gankui and Heilongjiang. Gankui is the standard dialect.[2] It is spoken by the Oroqen people of Inner Mongolia (predominantly the Oroqin Autonomous Banner) and Heilongjiang in Northeast China.[3]

Since the 1980s, Oroqen-language materials were produced by teachers in Oroqen-speaking areas. They based the language's orthography either on IPA or Pinyin. A majority of Oroqen speakers use Chinese as a literary language and some also speak Daur.

Geographic distribution

Oroqen is spoken in the following counties of China:[2]

  • Heilongjiang province
    • Da Hinggan Ling: Huma County and Tahe County
    • Heihe: Xunke County
    • Yichun: Jiayin County and Heihe City
  • Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region
    • Hulunbuir: Oroqen Autonomous Banner

Sample text

Listed below are some Oroqen sentences.[4] They are transcribed in Oroqen Fonetic Alphabet.

Arian has three elder brothers. Arian ilan axči
The children are all come in. Kúxä səl ku əmčə
Arian's elder brother is coming. Arian axninin əmčə
I'm a student. Pi pite turan
You're taller than me ši mintu gúkta
The house is neat and tidy. Ər jü čaldä le
Arian untied the rope Arian ušixəmúə pudičə
How many children do you have? ši ati kúxa či pišiniʔ
Arian took off his clothes

Arian kantaxúə purmə ədəjə

Phonology

Consonants

Labial Alveolar Post-
alveolar 		Velar Glottal
Nasal m n ɲ ŋ
Plosive/
Affricate 		voiceless p t t͡ʃ k
voiced b d d͡ʒ ɡ
Fricative ɸ ʃ x ~ [ɣ] ~ [h]
Rhotic r
Approximant l j w
  • Allophones of /x/ are heard as [ɣ], [h].
  • A bilabial /ɸ/ can also be heard as a labio-dental [f].
  • A rhotic trill /r/ tends to sound as a tap [ɾ], when occurring word-finally.

Vowels

Front Central Back
High i iː y u uː
Near-high ɪ ɪː ʊ ʊː
High-mid eː ə əː o oː
Low-mid ɛː ɔ ɔː
Low ɑ ɑː
  • /ə, əː/ are often heard as lower sounds [ɐ, ɐː].
  • Short allophones of /o, u/ are heard as [ɵ, ʉ].[5]

Notes

  1. ↑ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds (2017). "Oroqeni". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History. http://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/oroq1238. 
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named e25
  3. ↑ "Did you know Oroqen is severely endangered?" (in en). http://www.endangeredlanguages.com/lang/1187. 
  4. ↑ "WOLD -". https://wold.clld.org/vocabulary/20. 
  5. ↑ Hu, Zengyi (1986). Elunchun-yu jianzhi [Concise grammar of Oroqen]. Beijing: National Minorities Publ.. pp. 3–19. 



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