Social:Inscriptional Pahlavi

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Short description: Earliest attested form of Pahlavi scripts
Inscriptional Pahlavi
Inscribed stone block from the Paikuli inscription
Type
Abjad
LanguagesMiddle Iranian languages
Time period
2nd century BC — 6th century AD
Parent systems
Aramaic alphabet
DirectionRight-to-left
ISO 15924Phli, 131
Unicode alias
Inscriptional Pahlavi
U+10B60–U+10B7F

thumb Inscriptional Pahlavi is the earliest attested form of Pahlavi scripts, and is evident in clay fragments that have been dated to the reign of Mithridates I (r. 171–138 BC). Other early evidence includes the Pahlavi inscriptions of Parthian coins and the rock inscriptions of Sasanian emperors and other notables, such as Kartir the High Priest.

Letters

Inscriptional Pahlavi used 19 non-joining letters:[1][2]

Name[A] Image Text Principal phones (IPA; Middle Persian)[3] Transliteration[4]: 129(۱۲۹)-130(۱۳۰) [5]: xi, xii, xiii [1]
Iranian Semitic (Aramaic)
Aleph 32x32px Template:Script/Pahlavi [a], [aː] ʼ or ʾ A
Beth 32x32px Template:Script/Pahlavi [b], [w] b B
Gimel 32x32px Template:Script/Pahlavi [ɡ], [j] g G
Daleth 32x32px Template:Script/Pahlavi [d], [j] d D
He 32x32px Template:Script/Pahlavi — -H, E
Waw- 32x32px Template:Script/Pahlavi [w], [o(ː)], [u(ː)] w W
-Ayin- [∅] O
-Resh [r] r R
Zayin 32x32px Template:Script/Pahlavi [z] z Z
Heth 32x32px Template:Script/Pahlavi [h], [x] h Ḥ
Teth 32x32px Template:Script/Pahlavi — Ṭ
Yodh 32x32px Template:Script/Pahlavi [j], [e(ː)], [i(ː)], [d̠͡ʒ] y, j- Y
Kaph 32x32px Template:Script/Pahlavi [k], [ɡ] k K
Lamedh 32x32px Template:Script/Pahlavi [l], [r] l L
Mem- 32x32px Template:Script/Pahlavi [m] m M
-Qoph — Q
Nun 32x32px Template:Script/Pahlavi [n] n N
Samekh 20x20px Template:Script/Pahlavi [s], [h] s S
Pe 32x32px Template:Script/Pahlavi [p], [b], [f] p P
Sadhe 32x32px Template:Script/Pahlavi [t̠͡ʃ], [d̠͡ʒ], [z] ṣ Ṣ
Shin 32x32px Template:Script/Pahlavi [ʃ] š Š
Taw 32x32px Template:Script/Pahlavi [t], [d] t T
  1. ^ Letter names are based on the corresponding Imperial Aramaic characters[1]

Numbers

Inscriptional Pahlavi had its own numerals:

Value 1 2 3 4 10 20 100 1000
Sign Image 32px 32px 32px 32px 32px 32px 32px 32px
Text Template:Script/Pahlavi Template:Script/Pahlavi Template:Script/Pahlavi Template:Script/Pahlavi Template:Script/Pahlavi Template:Script/Pahlavi Template:Script/Pahlavi Template:Script/Pahlavi

Numbers are written right-to-left. Numbers without corresponding numerals are additive. For example, 24 is written as Template:Script/Pahlavi‎ (20 + 4).[1]

Unicode

Main article: Inscriptional Pahlavi (Unicode block)

Inscriptional Pahlavi script was added to the Unicode Standard in October, 2009 with the release of version 5.2.

The Unicode block for Inscriptional Pahlavi is U+10B60–U+10B7F:

Template:Unicode chart Inscriptional Pahlavi

  • Sasanian coin of Ardashir I (r. 224–42)
    Sasanian coin of Ardashir I (r. 224–42)
  • Kartir's inscription at Naqsh-e Rajab
    Kartir's inscription at Naqsh-e Rajab
  • One side of the Nasrabad fire altar (fa) dedicated to Shapur I for his 243/4 victory over the Romans[6]
    One side of the Nasrabad fire altar (fa) dedicated to Shapur I for his 243/4 victory over the Romans[6]
  • Inscription of Shapur II at Taq-e Bostan, including some ligatures
    Inscription of Shapur II at Taq-e Bostan, including some ligatures
  • Drachm of Yazdegerd II (struck ca. 439-447)
    Drachm of Yazdegerd II (struck ca. 439-447)
  • A bulla (seal) of Wahrām, an Ērān-spāhbed. It mentions either Husraw I (r. 531–579) or II (591–626)[7]
    A bulla (seal) of Wahrām, an Ērān-spāhbed. It mentions either Husraw I (r. 531–579) or II (591–626)[7]
  • 6th/7th century relief with the monogram Template:Script/Pahlavi ʾpr, which stands for abzūn farr, meaning "May his farr increase!"
    6th/7th century relief with the monogram Template:Script/Pahlavi ʾpr, which stands for abzūn farr, meaning "May his farr increase!"

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Everson, Michael; Pournader, Roozbeh (2007-08-24). "L2/07-207R: Proposal for encoding the Inscriptional Parthian, Inscriptional Pahlavi, and Psalter Pahlavi scripts in the SMP of the UCS". pp. 10–11. https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2007/07207r-n3286r-parthian-pahlavi.pdf. 
  2. ↑ Livinsky, BA; Guang-Da, Zhang; Samghabadi, R Shabani; Masson, Vadim Mikhaĭlovich (March 1999), Dani, Ahmad Hasan, ed., History of civilizations of Central Asia, Multiple history, 3. The crossroads of civilizations: A.D. 250 to 750, Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass, p. 89, ISBN 978-81-208-1540-7 .
  3. ↑ Daniels, Peter T.; Bright, William, eds (1996). The World's Writing Systems. Oxford University Press, Inc. pp. 518. ISBN 978-0195079937. https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780195079937/page/518. 
  4. ↑ Nyberg, Henrik S. (1964). A Manual of Pahlavi (2nd ed.). Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. https://books.google.com/books?id=wEZTIZQHOp8C. 
  5. ↑ Mackenzie, D. N. (2014-09-25) (in en). A Concise Pahlavi Dictionary. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-136-61396-8. https://books.google.com/books?id=tRegBAAAQBAJ. 
  6. ↑ Lerner, Judith A. (2006). "The Seal of a Eunuch in the Sasanian Court". Journal of Inner Asian Art and Archaeology 1: 114, 118. doi:10.1484/J.JIAAA.2.301928. ISSN 1783-9025. https://isaw.nyu.edu/publications/jiaaa/Lerner_Skjaervo.pdf. 
  7. ↑ Gyselen, Rika (2001) (in en). The Four Generals of the Sasanian Empire: Some Sigillographic Evidence. Istituto italiano per l'Africa e l'Oriente. ISBN 978-88-85320-97-0. https://books.google.com/books?id=jLMouwEACAAJ. 





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