Template:Infobox scandium

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Scandium, 21Sc
Scandium sublimed dendritic and 1cm3 cube.jpg
Scandium
Pronunciation/ˈskændiəm/ (SKAN-dee-əm)
Appearancesilvery white
Standard atomic weight Ar, std(Sc)44.955908(5)[1]
Scandium in the periodic table
Hydrogen Helium
Lithium Beryllium Boron Carbon Nitrogen Oxygen Fluorine Neon
Sodium Magnesium Aluminium Silicon Phosphorus Sulfur Chlorine Argon
Potassium Calcium Scandium Titanium Vanadium Chromium Manganese Iron Cobalt Nickel Copper Zinc Gallium Germanium Arsenic Selenium Bromine Krypton
Rubidium Strontium Yttrium Zirconium Niobium Molybdenum Technetium Ruthenium Rhodium Palladium Silver Cadmium Indium Tin Antimony Tellurium Iodine Xenon
Caesium Barium Lanthanum Cerium Praseodymium Neodymium Promethium Samarium Europium Gadolinium Terbium Dysprosium Holmium Erbium Thulium Ytterbium Lutetium Hafnium Tantalum Tungsten Rhenium Osmium Iridium Platinum Gold Mercury (element) Thallium Lead Bismuth Polonium Astatine Radon
Francium Radium Actinium Thorium Protactinium Uranium Neptunium Plutonium Americium Curium Berkelium Californium Einsteinium Fermium Mendelevium Nobelium Lawrencium Rutherfordium Dubnium Seaborgium Bohrium Hassium Meitnerium Darmstadtium Roentgenium Copernicium Nihonium Flerovium Moscovium Livermorium Tennessine Oganesson


Sc

Y
calciumscandiumtitanium
Atomic number (Z)21
Groupgroup 3
Periodperiod 4
Block  d-block
Element category  d-block
Electron configuration[Ar] 3d1 4s2
Electrons per shell2, 8, 9, 2
Physical properties
Phase at STPsolid
Melting point1814 K ​(1541 °C, ​2806 °F)
Boiling point3109 K ​(2836 °C, ​5136 °F)
Density (near r.t.)2.985 g/cm3
when liquid (at m.p.)2.80 g/cm3
Heat of fusion14.1 kJ/mol
Heat of vaporization332.7 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity25.52 J/(mol·K)
Vapor pressure
P (Pa) 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k
at T (K) 1645 1804 (2006) (2266) (2613) (3101)
Atomic properties
Oxidation states0,[2] +1,[3] +2,[4] +3 (an amphoteric oxide)
ElectronegativityPauling scale: 1.36
Ionization energies
  • 1st: 633.1 kJ/mol
  • 2nd: 1235.0 kJ/mol
  • 3rd: 2388.6 kJ/mol
  • (more)
Atomic radiusempirical: 162 pm
Covalent radius170±7 pm
Van der Waals radius211 pm
Color lines in a spectral range
Spectral lines of scandium
Other properties
Natural occurrenceprimordial
Crystal structurehexagonal close-packed (hcp)
Hexagonal close packed crystal structure for scandium
Thermal expansionα, poly: 10.2 µm/(m·K) (at r.t.)
Thermal conductivity15.8 W/(m·K)
Electrical resistivityα, poly: 562 nΩ·m (at r.t., calculated)
Magnetic orderingparamagnetic
Magnetic susceptibility+315.0·10−6 cm3/mol (292 K)[5]
Young's modulus74.4 GPa
Shear modulus29.1 GPa
Bulk modulus56.6 GPa
Poisson ratio0.279
Brinell hardness736–1200 MPa
CAS Number7440-20-2
History
Namingafter Scandinavia
PredictionDmitri Mendeleev (1871)
Discovery and first isolationLars Fredrik Nilson (1879)
Main isotopes of scandium
Iso­tope Abun­dance Physics:Half-life (t1/2) Decay mode Pro­duct
44m2Sc syn 58.61 h IT 44Sc
γ 44Sc
ε 44Ca
45Sc 100% stable
46Sc syn 83.79 d β 46Ti
γ
47Sc syn 80.38 d β 47Ti
γ
48Sc syn 43.67 h β 48Ti
γ
Category Category: Scandium
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Sc
data m.p. cat
in calc from C diff report ref
C 1541
K 1814 1814 0
F 2806 2806 0
max precision 0
WD


input C: 1541, K: 1814, F: 2806
comment
Sc
data b.p. cat
in calc from C diff report ref
C 2836
K 3109 3109 0
F 5136 5137 -1 delta
max precision 0
WD


input C: 2836, K: 3109, F: 5136
comment
[]  Data sets read by {{Infobox element}}
Name and identifiers
Top image (caption, alt)
Pronunciation
Category (enwiki)
Standard atomic weight
  most stable isotope
Natural occurrence
Phase at STP
Chemistry:Oxidation states
Spectral lines image
Physics:Electron configuration (cmt, ref)
Term symbol * (cmt, ref)
Wikidata *
* Not used in {{Infobox element}} (2019-02-03)
See also {{Infobox element/symbol-to--navbox}}

References

  1. Meija, Juris; Coplen, Tyler B.; Berglund, Michael; Brand, Willi A.; De Bièvre, Paul; Gröning, Manfred; Holden, Norman E.; Irrgeher, Johanna et al. (2016). "Atomic weights of the elements 2013 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry 88 (3): 265–91. doi:10.1515/pac-2015-0305. 
  2. F. Geoffrey N. Cloke; Karl Khan; Robin N. Perutz (1991). "η-Arene complexes of scandium(0) and scandium(II)". J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. (19): 1372–1373. doi:10.1039/C39910001372. 
  3. Smith, R. E. (1973). "Diatomic Hydride and Deuteride Spectra of the Second Row Transition Metals". Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Mathematical and Physical Sciences 332 (1588): 113–127. doi:10.1098/rspa.1973.0015. Bibcode1973RSPSA.332..113S. 
  4. McGuire, Joseph C.; Kempter, Charles P. (1960). "Preparation and Properties of Scandium Dihydride". Journal of Chemical Physics 33 (5): 1584–1585. doi:10.1063/1.1731452. Bibcode1960JChPh..33.1584M. 
  5. Weast, Robert (1984). CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. Boca Raton, Florida: Chemical Rubber Company Publishing. pp. E110. ISBN 0-8493-0464-4. 

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