Astronomy:11 Parthenope
 | |
| Discovery | |
|---|---|
| Discovered by | Annibale de Gasparis |
| Discovery site | Naples Obs. |
| Discovery date | 11 May 1850 |
| Designations | |
| (11) Parthenope | |
| Pronunciation | /pɑːrˈθɛnəpi/ parth-EN-ə-pee[1] |
| Named after | Parthenopē |
| Minor planet category | Main belt |
| Adjectives | Parthenopean (/ˌpɑːrθənəˈpiːən/ PARTH-ə-nə-PEE-ən) Parthenopian (/ˌpɑːrθəˈnoʊpiən/ PARTH-ə-NOH-pee-ən)[2] |
| Orbital characteristics[3] | |
| Epoch 13 January 2016 (JD 2457400.5) | |
| Uncertainty parameter 0 | |
| Observation arc | 60281 days (165.04 yr) |
| |{{{apsis}}}|helion}} | 2.69837 astronomical unit|AU (403.670 Gm) |
| |{{{apsis}}}|helion}} | 2.20671 AU (330.119 Gm) |
| 2.45254 AU (366.895 Gm) | |
| Eccentricity | 0.10024 |
| Orbital period | 3.84 yr (1402.9 d) |
| Average Orbital speed | 19.02 km/s |
| Mean anomaly | 330.520° |
| Mean motion | 0° 15m 23.81s / day |
| Inclination | 4.62985° |
| Longitude of ascending node | 125.567° |
| |{{{apsis}}}|helion}} | 2024-Jan-11 |
| 196.005° | |
| Earth MOID | 1.19227 AU (178.361 Gm) |
| Jupiter MOID | 2.54174 AU (380.239 Gm) |
| TJupiter | 3.483 |
| Physical characteristics | |
| Dimensions | c/a = 0.88±0.05[4] |
| Mean diameter | 149±2 km[4] 153.3±3.1 km (IRAS)[3] |
| Mean radius | 76.665 ± 1.55 km |
| Mass | (5.5±0.4)×1018 kg[4] 6.15×1018 kg[5] |
| Mean density | 3.2±0.27 g/cm3[4] 3.28±0.20 g/cm3[5] |
Equatorial surface gravity | 0.0578 m/s2 |
Equatorial escape velocity | 0.0941 km/s |
| Rotation period | 13.7204 h (0.57168 d)[3] |
| Geometric albedo | 0.187 (calculated)[4] 0.1803±0.007[3] |
| Physics | ~174 K |
| S-type asteroid[3] | |
| Apparent magnitude | 8.68[6] to 12.16 |
| Absolute magnitude (H) | 6.55[3] |
| Angular diameter | 0.178" to 0.057" |
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Parthenope (/pɑːrˈθɛnəpi/ parth-EN-ə-pee; minor planet designation: 11 Parthenope) is a large, bright main-belt asteroid.
Parthenope was discovered by Annibale de Gasparis on 11 May 1850, the second of his nine asteroid discoveries. It was named after Parthenopē, one of the Sirens in Greek mythology, said to have founded the city of Naples. De Gasparis "used his utmost endeavours to realise a 'Parthenope' in the heavens, such being the name suggested by Sir John Herschel on the occasion of the discovery of Hygiea in 1849".[7] Two symbols were proposed for Parthenope: a fish and a star (in the pipeline for Unicode 17.0 as U+1CEC4 .svg){kind=small}
) while such symbols were still in use, and later a lyre (in the pipeline for Unicode 17.0 as U+1F77A .svg){kind=small}
) in lists of symbols. Both are obsolete.[8][9]
There have been two observed Parthenopian occultations, on 13 February 1987, and 28 April 2006.
On 6 August 2008, during a perihelic opposition, Parthenope had an apparent magnitude of 8.8.
In 1988 a search for satellites or dust orbiting this asteroid was performed using the UH88 telescope at the Mauna Kea Observatories, but the effort came up empty.[10]
Based upon a light curve that was generated from photometric observations of this asteroid at Pulkovo Observatory, it has a rotation period of 13.722 ± 0.001 hours and varies in brightness by 0.10 ± 0.0s in magnitude. The light curve displays three maxima and minima per cycle.[11] The JPL Small-Body Database lists a rotation period of 13.7204 hours.[3]
Mass
In 2007, Baer and Chesley calculated a higher mass and density for Parthenope based on perturbations by the 90 km asteroid 17 Thetis. Baer and Chesley calculated a mass of 6.3×1018 kg[12] with a density of 3.3 g/cm3.[12] 2008 estimates by Baer suggest a mass of 6.15×1018.[5] The 1997 and 2001 estimates by Viateau and Rapaport were closer to 5×1018 kg with a density of 2.7 g/cm3.[12]
See also
Notes
- ↑ Noah Webster (1884) A Practical Dictionary of the English Language
- ↑ Parthenopean (3rd ed.), Oxford University Press, September 2005, http://oed.com/search?searchType=dictionary&q=Parthenopean (Subscription or UK public library membership required.), Parthenopian (3rd ed.), Oxford University Press, September 2005, http://oed.com/search?searchType=dictionary&q=Parthenopian (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 11 Parthenope". http://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=11. Retrieved 8 April 2016.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 P. Vernazza et al. (2021) VLT/SPHERE imaging survey of the largest main-belt asteroids: Final results and synthesis. Astronomy & Astrophysics 54, A56
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Jim Baer (2008). "Recent Asteroid Mass Determinations". Personal Website. http://home.earthlink.net/~jimbaer1/astmass.txt. Retrieved 6 December 2008.
- ↑ "AstDys (11) Parthenope Ephemerides". Department of Mathematics, University of Pisa, Italy. https://newton.spacedys.com/astdys/index.php?pc=1.1.3.1&n=11&oc=500&y0=2031&m0=7&d0=29&h0=00&mi0=00&y1=2031&m1=7&d1=29&h1=00&mi1=00&ti=1.0&tiu=days. Retrieved 26 June 2010.
- ↑ De Gasparis, Annibale (May 1850). "The New Planet Parthenope". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 10: 144–147. doi:10.1093/mnras/10.7.144. Bibcode: 1850MNRAS..10..145..
- ↑ Bala, Gavin Jared; Miller, Kirk (18 September 2023). "Unicode request for historical asteroid symbols". Unicode. https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2023/23207-historical-asteroids.pdf.
- ↑ Unicode. "Proposed New Characters: The Pipeline". The Unicode Consortium. https://unicode.org/alloc/Pipeline.html.
- ↑ Gradie, J.; Flynn, L. (March 1988), "A Search for Satellites and Dust Belts Around Asteroids: Negative Results", Abstracts of the Lunar and Planetary Science Conference 19: pp. 405–406, Bibcode: 1988LPI....19..405G.
- ↑ Pilcher, Frederick (October 2011), "Rotation Period Determinations for 11 Parthenope, 38 Leda, 111 Ate 194 Prokne, 217 Eudora, and 224 Oceana", The Minor Planet Bulletin 38 (4): pp. 183–185, Bibcode: 2011MPBu...38..183P.
- ↑ 12.0 12.1 12.2 Baer, James; Steven R. Chesley (2008). "Astrometric masses of 21 asteroids, and an integrated asteroid ephemeris". Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical Astronomy (Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2007) 100 (2008): 27–42. doi:10.1007/s10569-007-9103-8. Bibcode: 2008CeMDA.100...27B.
External links
- Lightcurve plot of 11 Parthenope, Palmer Divide Observatory, B. D. Warner (2008)
- IOTA (International Occultation Timing Association) occultation database
- 2011-Jan-26 Occultation / (2011 Asteroidal Occultation Results for North America)
- 11 Parthenope at AstDyS-2, Asteroids—Dynamic Site
- 11 Parthenope at the JPL Small-Body Database
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