Social:Zaiwa language

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Short description: Burmish language
Zaiwa
Tsaiwa, Tsaiva
PronunciationIPA: [tsau˧˩˩va˥˩]
Native toChina , Burma
Native speakers
(110,000 cited 1997–1999)[1]
Sino-Tibetan
  • (Tibeto-Burman)
    • Lolo–Burmese
      • Burmish
        • Maruic
          • Zaiwa
Language codes
ISO 639-3atb
Glottologzaiw1241[2]

Zaiwa (autonym: tsau˧˩˩va˥˩; Tsaiwa, Tsaiva, 载瓦; Burmese: ဇိုင်ဝါး/အဇီး) is a Burmish language spoken in parts of southwest China and eastern Burma. There are around 100,000 speakers. It is also known as Atsi, its name in Jingpo. Other names for the language include Atzi, Azi, Aci, Aji, Atshi, Atsi-Maru, Maru, Zi, Tsaiwa, Szi and Xiaoshanhua.[3] Pela (Bola), with 400 speakers, was once classified as a dialect. From the 1950s Zaiwa was written using the Roman script. A Gospel of Mark was published in Zaiwa in 1938 in the Fraser alphabet and in 1951 in the Roman script.[4][5]

Distribution

There are more than 70,000 Zaiwa speakers in Yunnan, China, including in:[6]

  • Bangwa (邦瓦), Longchuan County, Dehong Prefecture
  • Zhanxi (盏西), Yingjiang County, Dehong Prefecture
  • Xishan (西山), Mangshi, Dehong Prefecture

The Ethnologue lists Bengwa, Longzhun and Tingzhu as dialects.

In Myanmar, the Sadon (Sadung) dialect is the standard variety.[7]

Tones

Zaiwa has five tones. Three of these five tones are in unchecked syllables and the remaining two are in checked syllables.[5] The tones are distinguished through a numbering system of one to five; one being the lowest pitch and five the highest pitch.[8]

References

  1. ↑ Zaiwa at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015)
  2. ↑ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds (2017). "Zaiwa". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History. http://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/zaiw1241. 
  3. ↑ "Atsi" (in en). http://multitree.org/codes/atb. 
  4. ↑ Marku Mau Sau (The Gospel According to St. Mark in Atsi). British & Foreign Bible Society, Burma Agency. 1951. https://catalogue.nla.gov.au/Record/2739675. 
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 "Zaiwa" (in en). https://www.ethnologue.com/language/atb. 
  6. ↑ Xu, Xijian 徐悉艰; Xu, Guizhen 徐桂珍 (in zh), Jǐngpǒzú Zàiwǎyǔ jiǎnzhì 
  7. ↑ Yabu (1982).
  8. ↑ Lustig (2010).

Further reading

  • Cheng, Mei 程黙 (1956). "Zàiwǎyǔ jiǎnjiè". Zhōngguó yǔwén 53: 41–44. 
  • Hill, Nathan; Cooper, Douglas (2020). "A Machine Readable Collection of Lexical Data on the Burmish Languages". Zenodo. doi:10.5281/zenodo.3759030. https://zenodo.org/record/3759030. 
  • Yabu, Shirō 藪 司郎 (1982). アツィ語基礎語彙集 / Atsigo kiso goishū / Classified Dictionary of the Atsi or Zaiwa Language (Sadon Dialect) with Atsi, Japanese and English Indexes. Tokyo: 東京外国語大学アジア・アフリカ言語文化研究所 Tōkyō Gaikokugo Daigaku Ajia Afurika Gengo Bunka Kenkyūjo. 
  • Yabu, Shirō 藪 司郎 (1988). "A Preliminary Report on the Study of the Maru, Lashi and Atsi Languages of Burma". in Ishizawa, Yoshiaki. Historical and Cultural Studies in Burma. Tokyo: Institute of Asian Studies, Sophia University. pp. 65–132. 
  • Lustig, Anton (2010) (in en). A Grammar and Dictionary of Zaiwa. Leiden: Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-18489-3. 
  • Zhu, Yanhua 朱艳华; Lepaizaosha; Dai, Qingxia 戴庆厦 (2013) (in zh). Zhēfàng Zàiwǎyǔ cānkǎo yǔfǎ. Beijing: Zhongguo shehui kexue chubanshe. ISBN 978-7-5161-2257-0. 





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