Astronomy:2MASS J0441+2301

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Short description: Young star system in the constellation Taurus
2MASS J0441+2301
Brown dwarf 2M J044144 and planet.jpg
2MASS J04414489+2301513 is a brown dwarf with a companion about 5–10 times the mass of Jupiter.
Observation data
{{#ifeq:J2000|J2000.0 (ICRS)|Epoch J2000.0      Equinox J2000.0 (ICRS)| Epoch J2000      [[Astronomy:Equinox (celestial coordinates)|Equinox J2000}}
Constellation Taurus
2MASS J04414489+2301513
Right ascension  04h 41m 44.898s[1]
Declination +23° 01′ 51.39″[1]
Apparent magnitude (V)
2MASS J04414565+2301580
Right ascension  04h 41m 45.652s[1]
Declination +23° 01′ 58.07″[1]
Apparent magnitude (V) 15.20[2]
Characteristics
Spectral type M4.5[3]/M8.5[4]
Variable type T Tau[5]
Astrometry
Proper motion (μ) RA: 7.918[6] mas/yr
Dec.: -20.152[6] mas/yr
Parallax (π)8.1822 ± 0.3044[6] mas
Distance400 ± 10 ly
(122 ± 5 pc)
2MASS J04414565+2301580
Proper motion (μ) RA: 7.914[7] mas/yr
Dec.: -22.086[7] mas/yr
Parallax (π)8.0887 ± 0.0713[7] mas
Distance403 ± 4 ly
(124 ± 1 pc)
Details
2MASS J04414489+2301513
Mass19 ± 3 / 9.8 ± 1.8[3] MJup
Luminosity0.00347 / 0.00093[3] L☉
Temperature2100 / 1800[3] K
Age1[4] Myr
2MASS J04414565+2301580
Mass0.20+1.0
−0.05 M☉ / 35 ± 5[3] MJup
Luminosity0.14 / 0.00741[3] L☉
Temperature3400 / 2800[3] K
Age1[4] Myr
Other designations
WDS J04417+2302AB
2MASS J04414565+2301580: ATO J070.4402+23.0326, TIC 118893901, UCAC2 39972132, UCAC4 566-011236, UGCS J044145.65+230158.0, WISE J044145.65+230157.8, WISEA J044145.65+230157.7, Gaia DR3 146487560507840768, Gaia DR2 146487560507840768
2MASS J04414489+2301513: Gaia DR3 146487556211644544, Gaia DR2 146487556211644544, UGCS J044144.89+230151.3, USNO-B1.0 1130-00071517, TIC 118893899
Database references
SIMBAD2M J044144
2M J044145

2MASS J0441+2301 is a young quadruple system hosting a planetary-mass object, a red dwarf star and two brown dwarfs, approximately 470 light years (145 parsecs) away.

The 2MASS J04414489+2301513 Bab primary (a brown dwarf) has a large separation (12.4 arcseconds) companion, 2MASS J04414565+2301580 Aa (abbreviated as 2M J044145), which in turn has a nearby small separation substellar companion (separation of 0.23 arcseconds to the northeast). 2M J044145 has similar proper motion to 2M J044144 and is likely physically associated with the system.[8] The entire system of 4 objects is then a hierarchical quadruple of two binary objects orbiting each other.[8] The primary component Aa has a spectral type of M4.5 and a red apparent magnitude of 14.2.[3] Both components seem to be accreting mass from their stellar disks, as shown by their emission lines.[3] The four objects have a total mass of only 26% of the Sun, making it the quadruple star system with the lowest mass known.[3]

Planetary system

The primary is orbited by a companion about 5–10 times the mass of Jupiter.[9] The mass of the primary brown dwarf is roughly 20 times the mass of Jupiter and its age is roughly one million years.[4] It is not clear whether this companion object is a sub-brown dwarf or a planet. The companion is very large with respect to its parent and must have formed within 1 million years or so. This seems to be too big and too fast to form like a regular planet from a disk around the central object.[4]

The 2MASS J04414489+2301513 planetary system
Companion
(in order from star) 		Mass Semimajor axis
(AU) 		Orbital period
(years) 		Eccentricity Inclination Radius
b 7.5±2.5 MJ 15±0.6 411 — — 1.13 RJ

See also

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Cutri, Roc M.; Skrutskie, Michael F.; Van Dyk, Schuyler D.; Beichman, Charles A.; Carpenter, John M.; Chester, Thomas; Cambresy, Laurent; Evans, Tracey E. et al. (2003). "VizieR Online Data Catalog: 2MASS All-Sky Catalog of Point Sources (Cutri+ 2003)". CDS/ADC Collection of Electronic Catalogues 2246: II/246. Bibcode: 2003yCat.2246....0C. http://vizier.u-strasbg.fr/viz-bin/VizieR?-source=II/246. 
  2. ↑ Zacharias, N. (2012). "The fourth US Naval Observatory CCD Astrograph Catalog (UCAC4)". VizieR On-line Data Catalog 1322. Bibcode: 2012yCat.1322....0Z. 
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8 3.9 Bowler, Brendan P.; Hillenbrand, Lynne A. (2015). "Near-infrared Spectroscopy of 2M0441+2301 AabBab: A Quadruple System Spanning the Stellar to Planetary Mass Regimes". The Astrophysical Journal 811 (2): L30. doi:10.1088/2041-8205/811/2/L30. Bibcode: 2015ApJ...811L..30B. 
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 Todorov, K.; Luhman, K. L.; McLeod, K. K. (2010). "Discovery of a Planetary-Mass Companion to a Brown Dwarf in Taurus". The Astrophysical Journal 714 (1): L84–L88. doi:10.1088/2041-8205/714/1/L84. Bibcode: 2010ApJ...714L..84T. 
  5. ↑ Furlan, E.; Luhman, K. L.; Espaillat, C.; D'Alessio, P.; Adame, L.; Manoj, P.; Kim, K. H.; Watson, Dan M. et al. (2011-07-01). "THE SPITZER INFRARED SPECTROGRAPH SURVEY OF T TAURI STARS IN TAURUS". The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series 195 (1): 3. doi:10.1088/0067-0049/195/1/3. ISSN 0067-0049. https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0067-0049/195/1/3. 
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 Brown, A. G. A. (2021). "Gaia Early Data Release 3: Summary of the contents and survey properties". Astronomy & Astrophysics 649: A1. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202039657. Bibcode: 2021A&A...649A...1G.  Gaia EDR3 record for this source at VizieR.
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 Brown, A. G. A. (2021). "Gaia Early Data Release 3: Summary of the contents and survey properties". Astronomy & Astrophysics 649: A1. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202039657. Bibcode: 2021A&A...649A...1G.  Gaia EDR3 record for this source at VizieR.
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 Todorov, K. O.; Luhman, K. L.; Konopacky, Q. M.; McLeod, K. K.; Apai, D.; Ghez, A. M.; Pascucci, I.; Robberto, M. (2014). "A Search for Companions to Brown Dwarfs in the Taurus and Chamaeleon Star-Forming Regions". The Astrophysical Journal 788 (1): 40. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/788/1/40. Bibcode: 2014ApJ...788...40T. 
  9. ↑ "Hubble spots giant planet orbiting tiny star". USA Today. 2010-04-07. http://content.usatoday.com/communities/sciencefair/post/2010/04/hubble-spots-puzzle-planet-orbiting-tiny-star/1. Retrieved 2013-02-24. 



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