Astronomy:GJ 1061
Coordinates: 
03h 35m 59.69s, −44° 30′ 45.3″
  GJ 1061 Location of GJ 1061 in the constellation Horologium | |
| Observation data Equinox J2000.0]] (ICRS) | |
|---|---|
| Constellation | Horologium |
| Right ascension | 03h 35m 59.69916s[1] |
| Declination | −44° 30′ 45.7308″[1] |
| Apparent magnitude (V) | 13.03[2] |
| Characteristics | |
| Spectral type | M5.5 V[2] |
| Apparent magnitude (J) | 7.52 ± 0.02[3] |
| U−B color index | 1.52[3] |
| B−V color index | 1.90[3] |
| Astrometry | |
| Radial velocity (Rv) | 1.49±0.23[1] km/s |
| Proper motion (μ) | RA: 745.654[1] mas/yr Dec.: −373.323[1] mas/yr |
| Parallax (π) | 272.1615 ± 0.0316[1] mas |
| Distance | 11.984 ± 0.001 ly (3.6743 ± 0.0004 pc) |
| Absolute magnitude (MV) | 15.26[4] |
| Details | |
| Mass | 0.125±0.003[5] M☉ |
| Radius | 0.152±0.007[5] R☉ |
| Luminosity (bolometric) | 0.001641±0.000037[5] L☉ |
| Luminosity (visual, LV) | 0.00007[nb 1] L☉ |
| Temperature | 2,977+72 −69[5] K |
| Metallicity [Fe/H] | −0.03±0.09[5] dex |
| Rotational velocity (v sin i) | ≤ 5[6] km/s |
| Age | >7.0±0.5[7] Gyr |
| Other designations | |
GJ 1061, LHS 1565, LFT 295, LTT 1702, LP 995-46, L 372-58[3] | |
| Database references | |
| SIMBAD | data |
GJ 1061 is a red dwarf star located 12 light-years (3.7 parsecs) from Earth in the southern constellation of Horologium. Even though it is a relatively nearby star, it has an apparent visual magnitude of about 13,[2] so it can only be seen with at least a moderately-sized telescope.
The proper motion of GJ 1061 has been known since 1974, but it was estimated to be further away: approximately 25 light-years (7.7 parsecs) distant based upon an estimated parallax of 0.130″. The RECONS accurately determined its distance in 1997. At that time, it was the 20th-nearest star system to the Sun. The discovery team noted that many more stars like this are likely to be discovered nearby.[2]
This star is a tiny, dim, red dwarf, close to the lower mass limit. It has an estimated mass of about 12.5% that of the Sun and is only about 0.2% as luminous.[5] The star displays no significant infrared excess due to circumstellar dust.[8]
Planetary system
On August 13, 2019, a planetary system was announced orbiting the star GJ 1061 by the Red Dots project for detecting terrestrial planets around nearby red dwarf stars.[7] The planet GJ 1061 d orbits in the conservative circumstellar habitable zone of its star and the planet GJ 1061 c orbits in the inner edge of the habitable zone.[7] GJ 1061 is a non-variable star that does not suffer flares, so there is a greater probability that the exoplanets still conserve their atmosphere if they had one.[9]
| Companion (in order from star) |
Mass | Semimajor axis (AU) |
Orbital period (days) |
Eccentricity | Inclination | Radius |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| b | ≥1.37+0.16 −0.15 M⊕ |
0.021±0.001 | 3.204±0.001 | <0.31 | — | — |
| c | ≥1.74±0.23 M⊕ | 0.035±0.001 | 6.689±0.005 | <0.29 | — | — |
| d | ≥1.64+0.24 −0.23 M⊕ |
0.054±0.001 | 13.031+0.025 −0.032 |
<0.53 | — | — |
GJ 1061 c
GJ 1061 c is a potentially habitable exoplanet orbiting within the limits of the optimistically defined habitable zone of its red dwarf parent star.[10][11][7]
GJ 1061 c is at least 74% more massive than the Earth. The planet receives 35% more stellar flux than Earth and has an equilibrium temperature of 275 K (2 °C; 35 °F).[12] The average temperature on the surface would be warmer, 34 °C (307 K; 93 °F), provided the atmosphere is of similar composition to the Earth's.
GJ 1061 c orbits its parent star very closely, every 6.7 days at a distance of just 0.035 au, so it is probably gravitationally locked and in synchronous rotation with its star.
GJ 1061 d
GJ 1061 d is a potentially habitable exoplanet largely orbiting within the limits of the conservatively defined habitable zone of its parent red dwarf star.[10][13][7]
The exoplanet is at least 64% more massive than the Earth. The planet receives about 40% less stellar flux than Earth and has an estimated equilibrium temperature of 218 K (−55 °C; −67 °F).[10][7] The average temperature on the surface would be colder than Earth's and at around 250 K (−23 °C; −10 °F), provided the atmosphere is similar to that of Earth.
GJ 1061 d orbits its star every 13 days, and due to its close-in semi-major axis, it is likely that the exoplanet is tidally locked.[14] However, if the planet's orbit is confirmed to be highly eccentric then this eccentricity could be desynchronising it, enabling the existence of non-synchronised states of equilibrium in its rotation, relative to which side of the planet is facing the star, and thereby it will experience a day/night cycle.[15]
Another solution for this planet gives it a slightly shorter period of 12.4 days and a slightly smaller minimum mass of 1.53 M⊕.[7]
See also
- List of nearest stars and brown dwarfs
- Research Consortium On Nearby Stars
- List of exoplanets discovered in 2020 - GJ 1061 b, c, & d
Notes
- ↑ Taking the absolute visual magnitude of GJ 1061, [math]\displaystyle{ \scriptstyle M_{V_{\ast}} = 15.26 }[/math], and the absolute visual magnitude of the Sun, [math]\displaystyle{ \scriptstyle M_{V_{\odot}} = 4.83 }[/math], the visual luminosity of GJ 1061 can therefore be calculated: [math]\displaystyle{ \scriptstyle \frac{L_{V_{\ast}}}{L_{V_{\odot}}} = 10^{0.4\left(M_{V_{\odot}} - M_{V_{\ast}}\right)} = 6.73\times10^{-5} }[/math]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 Vallenari, A. et al. (2022). "Gaia Data Release 3. Summary of the content and survey properties". Astronomy & Astrophysics. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202243940 Gaia DR3 record for this source at VizieR.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Henry, Todd J. et al. (1997). "The solar neighborhood IV: discovery of the twentieth nearest star". The Astronomical Journal 114: 388–395. doi:10.1086/118482. Bibcode: 1997AJ....114..388H.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 "LHS 1565". SIMBAD. Centre de données astronomiques de Strasbourg. http://simbad.u-strasbg.fr/simbad/sim-basic?Ident=LHS+1565.
- ↑ Scholz, R.-D. et al. (2000). "New high-proper motion survey in the Southern sky". Astronomy and Astrophysics 353: 958–969. Bibcode: 2000A&A...353..958S.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 Pineda, J. Sebastian; Youngblood, Allison; France, Kevin (September 2021). "The M-dwarf Ultraviolet Spectroscopic Sample. I. Determining Stellar Parameters for Field Stars". The Astrophysical Journal 918 (1): 23. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ac0aea. 40. Bibcode: 2021ApJ...918...40P.
- ↑ Barnes, J. R. et al. (April 2014). "Precision radial velocities of 15 M5-M9 dwarfs". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 439 (3): 3094–3113. doi:10.1093/mnras/stu172. Bibcode: 2014MNRAS.439.3094B.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.5 7.6 7.7 Dreizler, S.; Jeffers, S. V.; Rodríguez, E.; Zechmeister, M.; Barnes, J.R.; Haswell, C.A.; Coleman, G. A. L.; Lalitha, S. et al. (2019-08-13). "Red Dots: A temperate 1.5 Earth-mass planet in a compact multi-terrestrial planet system around GJ1061" (in en). Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 493 (1): 536. doi:10.1093/mnras/staa248. Bibcode: 2020MNRAS.493..536D.
- ↑ Avenhaus, H. et al. (December 2012). "The nearby population of M-dwarfs with WISE: a search for warm circumstellar dust". Astronomy & Astrophysics 548: 15. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201219783. A105. Bibcode: 2012A&A...548A.105A.
- ↑ Starr, Michelle (27 August 2019). "Three Rocky Exoplanets Have Been Found Orbiting a Star Just 12 Light-Years Away" (in en-gb). https://www.sciencealert.com/three-rocky-exoplanets-have-been-found-orbiting-a-star-just-12-light-years-away.
- ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 "The Habitable Exoplanets Catalog - Planetary Habitability Laboratory @ UPR Arecibo". http://phl.upr.edu/projects/habitable-exoplanets-catalog.
- ↑ "Exoplanet-catalog". https://exoplanets.nasa.gov/exoplanet-catalog/7592/gj-1061-c/.
- ↑ "Trio of Super-Earths Found Orbiting Red Dwarf Gliese 1061 | Astronomy | Sci-News.com" (in en-US). http://www.sci-news.com/astronomy/trio-super-earths-red-dwarf-gliese-1061-07555.html.
- ↑ "GJ 1061 d". https://exoplanetarchive.ipac.caltech.edu/cgi-bin/DisplayOverview/nph-DisplayOverview?objname=GJ%201061%20d&type=CONFIRMED_PLANET.
- ↑ "Exoplanet-catalog". https://exoplanets.nasa.gov/exoplanet-catalog/7593/gj-1061-d/.
- ↑ Auclair-Desrotour, P. et al. (2019). "Final spin states of eccentric ocean planets". Astronomy & Astrophysics (EDP Sciences) 629: A132. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201935905. ISSN 0004-6361. Bibcode: 2019A&A...629A.132A. "While the semidiurnal tide drives the body towards the spin-orbit synchronous rotation, eccentricity tides tend to desynchronise it, and thereby enable the existence of non-synchronised states of equilibrium.".
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