Astronomy:List of nearest stars and brown dwarfs

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Short description: Stars and brown dwarfs within 20 light years of the Solar System
Rotating 3D image of the nearest stars
Animated 3D map of the nearest stars, centered on the Sun. 3d glasses red green.svg 3D red green glasses are recommended to view this image correctly.
A radar map of the positions and distances of all known sufficiently separate stellar objects within 9 light years (ly). Positions are marked (◆) around Sol according to their right ascension (clockwise in hours angle) and inward according to their declination, entered as lines (doted when negative) of their top-down viewed arcs between each's position and distance mark (▬). The marked distances are measured outward from the center with each ly represented by a concentric circle. For within 12 ly see this map.

This list covers all known stars, brown dwarfs, and sub-brown dwarfs within 20 light-years (6.13 parsecs) of the Sun. So far, 131 such objects have been found. Only 22 are bright enough to be visible without a telescope, for which the star's visible light needs to reach or exceed the dimmest brightness visible to the naked eye from Earth, 6.5 apparent magnitude.[1]

The known 131 objects are bound in 94 stellar systems. Of those, 103 are main sequence stars: 80 red dwarfs and 23 "typical" stars having greater mass. Additionally, astronomers have found 6 white dwarfs (stars that have exhausted all fusible hydrogen), 21 brown dwarfs, as well as 1 sub-brown dwarf, WISE 0855−0714 (possibly a rogue planet). The closest system is Alpha Centauri, with Proxima Centauri as the closest star in that system, at 4.2465 light-years from Earth. The brightest, most massive and most luminous object among those 131 is Sirius A, which is also the brightest star in Earth's night sky; its white dwarf companion Sirius B is the hottest object among them. The largest object within the 20 light-years is Procyon.

The Solar System, and the other stars/dwarfs listed here, are currently moving within (or near) the Local Interstellar Cloud, roughly 30 light-years (9.2 pc) across. The Local Interstellar Cloud is, in turn, contained inside the Local Bubble, a cavity in the interstellar medium about 300 light-years (92.0 pc) across. It contains Ursa Major and the Hyades star cluster, among others. The Local Bubble also contains the neighboring G-Cloud, which contains the stars Alpha Centauri and Altair. In the galactic context, the Local Bubble is a small part of the Orion Arm, which contains most stars that we can see without a telescope. The Orion arm is one of the spiral arms of our Milky Way galaxy.

Astrometrics

Stars within 12.5 ly.

The easiest way to determine stellar distance to the Sun for objects at these distances is parallax, which measures how much stars appear to move against background objects over the course of Earth's orbit around the Sun. As a parsec (parallax-second) is defined by the distance of an object that would appear to move exactly one second of arc against background objects, stars less than 5 parsecs away will have measured parallaxes of over 0.2 arcseconds, or 200 milliarcseconds. Determining past and future positions relies on accurate astrometric measurements of their parallax and total proper motions (how far they move across the sky due to their actual velocity relative to the Sun), along with spectroscopically determined radial velocities (their speed directly towards or away from us, which combined with proper motion defines their true movement through the sky relative to the Sun). Both of these measurements are subject to increasing and significant errors over very long time spans, especially over the several thousand-year time spans it takes for stars to noticeably move relative to each other.[2]

Based on results from the Gaia telescope's second data release from April 2018, an estimated 694 stars will approach the Solar System to less than 5 parsecs in the next 15 million years. Of these, 26 have a good probability to come within 1.0 parsec (3.3 light-years) and another 7 within 0.5 parsecs (1.6 light-years).[3] This number is likely much higher, due to the sheer number of stars needed to be surveyed; a star approaching the Solar System 10 million years ago, moving at a typical Sun-relative 20–200 kilometers per second, would be 600–6,000 light-years from the Sun at present day, with millions of stars closer to the Sun. The closest encounter to the Sun so far predicted is the low-mass orange dwarf star Gliese 710 / HIP 89825 with roughly 60% the mass of the Sun.[4] It is currently predicted to pass 0.1696±0.0065 ly (10635±500 au) from the Sun in 1.290±0.04 million years from the present, close enough to significantly disturb the Solar System's Oort cloud.[5]

List

Key
# Visible to the unaided eye (apparent magnitude of +6.5 or brighter)
$ Luminous star (absolute magnitude of +8.5 or brighter)
white dwarf White dwarf
§ Brown dwarf
& Sub-brown dwarf or rogue planet
* Nearest in constellation

The classes of the stars and brown dwarfs are shown in the color of their spectral types (these colors are derived from conventional names for the spectral types and do not necessarily represent the star's observed color). Many brown dwarfs are not listed by visual magnitude but are listed by near-infrared J band apparent magnitude due to how dim (and often invisible) they are in visible color bands (U, B or V). Absolute magnitude (with electromagnetic wave, 'light' band denoted in subscript) is a measurement at a 10-parsec distance across imaginary empty space devoid of all its sparse dust and gas. Some of the parallaxes and resultant distances are rough measurements.[6]

Known star systems within 20 light-years (6.13 parsecs)
Designation Distance
(ly (±err))[7]→→ 		Coordinates:
RA, Dec
(Ep J2000, Eq J2000)[6] 		Stellar
class 		Mass Magnitude (mV[6] or mJ) Parallax
(mas
(±err))
[6][note 1] 		Notes and additional
references
System Star or (sub-) brown dwarf M☉ App. Abs.
Solar System Sun (Sol)$ 0.0000158 G2V[6] 1 −26.74# 4.85 eight recognized planets and more dwarf planets
Alpha Centauri Proxima Centauri (C, V645 Centauri) 4.2465
±0.0003 		Cen*  14h 29m 43.0s
−62° 40′ 46″ 		M5.5Ve 0.122 11.09 15.53 768.0665
±0.0499[8]
Rigil Kentaurus (A)$ 4.3441
±0.0022 		 14h 39m 36.5s
−60° 50′ 02″ 		G2V[6] 1.079 0.01# 4.38 750.81
±0.38[9] 		one directly-imaged habitable-zone planet candidate (Candidate 1) (2021)
Toliman (B)$  14h 39m 35.1s
−60° 50′ 14″ 		K1V[6] 0.909 1.34# 5.71 planet b refuted in 2015
Barnard's Star (BD+04°3561a) 5.9629
±0.0004 		Oph*  17h 57m 48.5s
+04° 41′ 36″ 		M4.0Ve 0.144 9.53 13.22 546.9759
±0.0401[8] 		flare star, largest-known proper motion,Cite error: Closing </ref> missing for <ref> tag 0.032 10.7 J 14.2 J 501.557
±0.082[10] 		nearest brown dwarfs
B§ T1±2[11] 0.027
WISE 0855−0714& 7.430
±0.041 		Hya*  08h 55m 10.8s
−07° 14′ 43″ 		Y4 0.003-0.010 25.0 J 28.2 J sub-brown dwarf
Wolf 359 (CN Leonis) 7.8558
±0.0013 		Leo*  10h 56m 29.2s
+07° 00′ 53″ 		M6.0V[6] 0.090 13.44 16.55 415.1794
±0.0684[8] 		flare star, has 1 candidate & 1 refuted planet[12][13]
Lalande 21185 (BD+36°2147, Gliese 411, HD 95735) 8.3044
±0.0007 		UMa*  11h 03m 20.2s
+35° 58′ 12″ 		M2.0V[6] 0.390 7.47 10.44 392.7529
±0.0321[8] 		two known planets (2019, 2021)[14]
Alpha Canis Majoris Sirius (A)$ 8.7094
±0.0054 		CMa*  06h 45m 08.9s
−16° 42′ 58″ 		A1V[6] 2.063 −1.46# 1.42 374.4896
±0.2313[8] 		brightest star in the night sky
Bwhite dwarf DA2[6] 1.018 8.44 11.34
Gliese 65 (Luyten 726-8) A (BL Ceti) 8.724
±0.012 		Cet*  01h 39m 01.3s
−17° 57′ 01″ 		M5.5Ve 0.102 12.54 15.40 373.8443
±0.5009[8] 		flare star (Archetypal member)
B (UV Ceti) M6.0Ve 0.100 12.99 15.85
Ross 154 (V1216 Sagittarii) 9.7063
±0.0009 		Sgr*  18h 49m 49.4s
−23° 50′ 10″ 		M3.5Ve 0.17 10.43 13.07 336.0266
±0.0317[8] 		flare star
Ross 248 (HH Andromedae) 10.3057
±0.0014 		And*  23h 41m 54.7s
+44° 10′ 30″ 		M5.5Ve 0.136 12.29 14.79 316.4812
±0.0444[8] 		flare star
Ran (Epsilon Eridani)$ 10.4749
±0.0037 		Eri*  03h 32m 55.8s
−09° 27′ 30″ 		K2V[6] 0.820 3.73# 6.19 311.37
±0.11[15] 		three circumstellar disks,
one confirmed planet (AEgir, 2000) and one candidate (c, 2002)[16]
Lacaille 9352 (Gliese 887) 10.7241
±0.0007 		PsA*  23h 05m 52.0s
−35° 51′ 11″ 		M0.5V 0.486 7.34 9.75 304.1354
±0.0200[8] 		two planets, b and c, with equivocal evidence for a third in the habitable zone (2020)[17]
Ross 128 (FI Virginis) 11.0074
±0.0011 		Vir*  11h 47m 44.4s
+00° 48′ 16″ 		M4.0Vn 0.168 11.13 13.51 296.3053
±0.0302[8] 		flare star, one planet (b) (2017)[18]
EZ Aquarii
(Gliese 866, Luyten 789-6) 		A 11.109
±0.034 		Aqr*  22h 38m 33.4s
−15° 17′ 57″ 		M5.0Ve 0.11 13.33 15.64 293.60
±0.9[19] 		A & B flare stars
B M? 0.11 13.27 15.58
C M? 0.10 14.03 16.34
Alpha Canis Minoris Procyon (A)$ 11.402
±0.032 		CMi*  07h 39m 18.1s
+05° 13′ 30″ 		F5IV–V[6] 1.499 0.38# 2.66 286.05
±0.81
[20][21]
Bwhite dwarf DQZ[6] 0.602 10.70 12.98
61 Cygni A (BD+38°4343)$ 11.4039
±0.0012 		Cyg*  21h 06m 53.9s
+38° 44′ 58″ 		K5.0V[6] 0.70 5.21# 7.49 286.0054
±0.0289[8] 		First star (besides Sun) to have measured distance.[22]
B flare star, with possible planet or brown dwarf.[23]
Possible circumstellar disk.
B (BD+38°4344)$  21h 06m 55.3s
+38° 44′ 31″ 		K7.0V[6] 0.63 6.03# 8.31
Struve 2398
(Gliese 725, BD+59°1915) 		A (HD 173739) 11.4908
±0.0009 		Dra*  18h 42m 46.7s
+59° 37′ 49″ 		M3.0V[6] 0.334 8.90 11.16 283.8401
±0.0220[8] 		flare stars, star B has 2 candidate planets[12]
B (HD 173740)  18h 42m 46.9s
+59° 37′ 37″ 		M3.5V[6] 0.248 9.69 11.95
Groombridge 34
(Gliese 15) 		A (GX Andromedae) 11.6191
±0.0008 		And  00h 18m 22.9s
+44° 01′ 23″ 		M1.5V[6] 0.38 8.08 10.32 280.7068
±0.0203[8] 		flare star, two known planets (Ab, 2014, and Ac, 2018)[24]
B (GQ Andromedae) M3.5V[6] 0.15 11.06 13.30 flare star
DX Cancri (G 51-15) 11.6797
±0.0027 		Cnc*  08h 29m 49.5s
+26° 46′ 37″ 		M6.5Ve 0.09 14.78 16.98 279.2496
±0.0637[8] 		flare star
Epsilon Indi
(CPD−57°10015) 		A$ 11.8670
±0.0041 		Ind*  22h 03m 21.7s
−56° 47′ 10″ 		K5Ve[6] 0.754 4.69# 6.89 274.8431
±0.0956[8] 		one planet (Ab) (2018)[25]
Ba§  22h 04m 10.5s
−56° 46′ 58″ 		T1.0V 0.065 12.3 J[26] 14.5 J
Bb§ T6.0V 0.050 13.2 J[26] 15.4 J
Tau Ceti (BD−16°295)$ 11.9118
±0.0074 		Cet  01h 44m 04.1s
−15° 56′ 15″ 		G8.5Vp[6] 0.783 3.49# 5.68 273.8097
±0.1701[8] 		one debris disk
four confirmed planets (e, f, g, and h) (2012, 2017),
four candidate planets (b, c, d, and "i") (2012, 2019)
Gliese 1061 (LHS 1565) 11.9839
±0.0014 		Hor*  03h 35m 59.7s
−44° 30′ 45″ 		M5.5V[6] 0.113 13.09 15.26 272.1615
±0.0316[8] 		has 3 known planets (2019)[27][28][29]
YZ Ceti (LHS 138) 12.1222
±0.0015 		Cet  01h 12m 30.6s
−16° 59′ 56″ 		M4.5V[6] 0.130 12.02 14.17 269.0573
±0.0337[8] 		flare star, three planets (b, c, and d) (2017)[30]
Luyten's Star (BD+05°1668) 12.3485
±0.0019 		CMi  07h 27m 24.5s
+05° 13′ 33″ 		M3.5Vn 0.26 9.86 11.97 264.1269
±0.0413[8] 		two planets (b, c) (2017)[31] and two suspected planets (d, e) (2019)[32]
Teegarden's Star (SO025300.5+165258) 12.4970
±0.0045 		Ari*  02h 53m 00.9s
+16° 52′ 53″ 		M6.5V 0.08 15.14 17.22 260.9884
±0.0934[8] 		has 2 known planets (2019)[33][34]
Kapteyn's Star (CD−45°1841) 12.8308
±0.0008 		Pic*  05h 11m 40.6s
−45° 01′ 06″ 		M1.5VI[6] 0.281 8.84 10.87 254.1986
±0.0168[8] 		two refuted planets (b and c) (2014)[35][36]
Lacaille 8760 (AX Microscopii) 12.9472
±0.0018 		Mic*  21h 17m 15.3s
−38° 52′ 03″ 		M0.0V[6] 0.60 6.67 8.69 251.9124
±0.0352[8] 		brightest M dwarf star in night sky, flare star
SCR 1845-6357 A 13.0638
±0.0070 		Pav*  18h 45m 05.3s
−63° 57′ 48″ 		M8.5V[6] 0.07 17.39 19.41 249.6651
±0.1330[8] 		[29]
B§  18h 45m 02.6s
−63° 57′ 52″ 		T6[37] 0.03[6] 13.3 J[26] 15.3 J
Kruger 60
(BD+56°2783) 		A 13.0724
±0.0052 		Cep*  22h 27m 59.5s
+57° 41′ 45″ 		M3.0V[6] 0.271 9.79 11.76 249.5
±0.1[38] 		B flare star
B (DO Cephei) M4.0V[6] 0.176 11.41 13.38
DEN 1048-3956 13.1932
±0.0027 		Ant*  10h 48m 14.7s
−39° 56′ 06″ 		M8.5V[6] 0.08 17.39 19.37 247.2156
±0.0512[8]
Ross 614
(V577 Monocerotis, Gliese 234) 		A (LHS 1849) 13.363
±0.040 		Mon*  06h 29m 23.4s
−02° 48′ 50″ 		M4.5V[6] 0.223 11.15 13.09 244.07
±0.73[39] 		A flare star
B (LHS 1850) M5.5V 0.111 14.23 16.17
UGPS J0722-0540§ 13.43
±0.13 		Mon  07h 22m 27.3s
–05° 40′ 30″ 		T9[6] 0.010-0.025 16.52 J[40] 18.45 J [41]
Wolf 1061 (Gliese 628, BD−12°4523) 14.0500
±0.0016 		Oph  16h 30m 18.1s
−12° 39′ 45″ 		M3.0V[6] 0.294 10.07 11.93 232.1390
±0.0268[8] 		three planets (b, c, and d) (2015)[42]
Van Maanen's star (Gliese 35, LHS 7)white dwarf 14.0718
±0.0011 		Psc*  00h 49m 09.9s
+05° 23′ 19″ 		DZ7[6] 0.67 12.38 14.21 231.7800
±0.0183[8] 		closest-known free-floating white dwarf,
third-known white dwarf
possible debris disk (1917)
Gliese 1 (CD−37°15492) 14.1747
±0.0022 		Scl*  00h 05m 24.4s
−37° 21′ 27″ 		M1.5 V[6] 0.45-0.48 8.55 10.35 230.0970
±0.0362[8]
TZ Arietis (Gliese 83.1, L 1159-16) 14.5780
±0.0046 		Ari  02h 00m 13.2s
+13° 03′ 08″ 		M4.5V[6] 0.14 12.27 14.03 223.7321
±0.0699[8] 		flare star, has one confirmed planet (b)[43]
Wolf 424
(FL Virginis, LHS 333, Gliese 473) 		A 14.595
±0.031 		Vir  12h 33m 17.2s
+09° 01′ 15″ 		M5.5Ve 0.143 13.18 14.97 223.4775
±0.4665[8] 		flare stars
B M7Ve 0.131 13.17 14.96
Gliese 687 (LHS 450, BD+68°946) 14.8395
±0.0014 		Dra  17h 36m 25.9s
+68° 20′ 21″ 		M3.0V[6] 0.401 9.17 10.89 219.7898
±0.0210[8] 		possible flare star, two planets (b) (2014)[44] and (c) (2020)[45]
Gliese 674 (LHS 449) 14.8492
±0.0018 		Ara*  17h 28m 39.9s
−46° 53′ 43″ 		M3.0V[6] 0.35 9.38 11.09 219.6463
±0.0262[8] 		one planet (b) (2007)[46]
LHS 292 (LP 731-58) 14.8706
±0.0041 		Sex*  10h 48m 12.6s
−11° 20′ 14″ 		M6.5V[6] 0.08 15.60 17.32 219.3302
±0.0602[8] 		flare star
LP 145-141 (WD 1142-645, Gliese 440)white dwarf 15.1226
±0.0013 		Mus*  11h 45m 42.9s
−64° 50′ 29″ 		DQ6[6] 0.75 11.50 13.18 215.6753
±0.0181[8]
Gliese 1245 A (G 208-44 A) 15.2001
±0.0034 		Cyg  19h 53m 54.2s
+44° 24′ 55″ 		M5.5V[6] 0.11 13.46 15.17 214.5745
±0.0476[8] 		flare stars
B (G 208-45)  19h 53m 55.2s
+44° 24′ 56″ 		M6.0V[6] 0.10 14.01 15.72
C (G 208-44 B)  19h 53m 54.2s
+44° 24′ 55″ 		M5.5 0.07 16.75 18.46
WISE 1741+2553§ 15.22
±0.20 		Her*  17h 41m 24.2s
+25° 53′ 19″ 		T9 16.53 J 18.18 J 214.3
±2.8[47]
Gliese 876 (Ross 780) 15.2382
±0.0025 		Aqr  22h 53m 16.7s
−14° 15′ 49″ 		M3.5V[6] 0.37 10.17 11.81 214.0380
±0.0356[8] 		four planets (d (2005), c (2001), b (1998), and e (2010))[48]
WISE 1639-6847§ 15.450
±0.041 		TrA*  16h 39m 40.9s
−68° 47′ 46″ 		Y0.5 20.57 J 22.10 J 211.11
±0.56[49]
LHS 288 (Luyten 143-23) 15.7586
±0.0034 		Car  10h 44m 21.2s
−61° 12′ 36″ 		M5.5V[6] 0.11[6] 13.90 15.51 206.9698
±0.0448[8]
Gliese 1002 15.8060
±0.0036 		Cet  00h 06m 43.8s
−07° 32′ 22″ 		M5.5V[6] 0.11 13.76 15.40 206.3500
±0.0474[8] 		two known planets (b & c, 2022)[50]
DEN 0255-4700§ 15.877
±0.014 		Eri  02h 55m 03.7s
−47° 00′ 52″ 		L7.5V[6] 0.025-0.065 22.92 24.44 205.4251
±0.1857[8] 		[51]
Groombridge 1618 (Gliese 380)$ 15.8857
±0.0017 		UMa  10h 11m 22.1s
+49° 27′ 15″ 		K7.0V[6] 0.67 6.59 8.16 205.3148
±0.0224[8] 		flare star, one suspected debris disk
Gliese 412 A 15.9969
±0.0026 		UMa  11h 05m 28.6s
+43° 31′ 36″ 		M1.0V[6] 0.48 8.77 10.34 203.8876
±0.0332[8]
B (WX Ursae Majoris)  11h 05m 30.4s
+43° 31′ 18″ 		M5.5V[6] 0.10 14.48 16.05 flare star
AD Leonis 16.1939
±0.0024 		Leo  10h 19m 36.4s
+19° 52′ 10″ 		M3.0V[6] 0.39-0.42 9.32 10.87 201.4064
±0.0296[8] 		flare star, 1 refuted planet (b[12] in 2020)[52]
Gliese 832 16.2005
±0.0019 		Gru*  21h 33m 34.0s
−49° 00′ 32″ 		M1.5 V[6] 0.45 8.66 10.20 201.3252
±0.0237[8] 		possible flare star, two planets; one confirmed (b (2008)),[53] and the other now refuted (c (2014))[54][55]
Gliese 682 (CD-44 11909) 16.3328
±0.0026 		Sco*  17h 37m 03.7s
–44° 19′ 09″ 		M4 V 0.27 10.95 12.45 199.6944
±0.0312[8] 		has 2 disputed planets
Omicron2 Eridani
(40 Eridani, Gliese 166) 		Keid (A)$ 16.3330
±0.0042 		Eri  04h 15m 16.3s
−07° 39′ 10″ 		K0.5 V 0.84 4.43# 5.93 199.6911
±0.0512[8] 		has 1 known planet
Bwhite dwarf  04h 15m 21.8s
−07° 39′ 29″ 		DA4 0.573 9.52 11.02
C  04h 15m 21.5s
−07° 39′ 22″ 		M4 V 0.2036 11.24 12.74
EV Lacertae 16.4761
±0.0018 		Lac*  22h 46m 49.7s
+44° 20′ 02″ 		M3.5 V 0.35 10.22 11.70 197.9573
±0.0220[8] 		record setting stellar flare observed
70 Ophiuchi (Gliese 702) A$ 16.7074
±0.0087 		Oph  18h 05m 27.4s
+02° 29′ 59″ 		K0 V 0.90 4.21# 5.66 195.2166
±0.1012[38]
B$  18h 05m 27.5s
+02° 29′ 56″ 		K5 V 0.70 6.01# 7.46
Altair (Alpha Aquilae)$ 16.730
±0.049 		Aql*  19h 50m 47.0s
+08° 52′ 06″ 		A7 IV-Vn 1.79 0.77# 2.22 194.95
±0.57[56]
EI Cancri (GJ 1116, G 9-38) A 16.800
±0.011 		Cnc  08h 58m 15.2s
+19° 45′ 47″ 		M5.5 V 0.12 14.06 15.50 194.1443
±0.1228[8]
B M V 0.10 14.92 16.36
WISE J150649.97+702736.1§ 16.856
±0.052 		UMi*  15h 06m 52.4s
+70° 27′ 25″ 		T6 13.74 J 15.17 J 193.5
±0.6[47]
GJ 3379 (G 99-49) 16.9861
±0.0027 		Ori*  06h 00m 03.5s
+02° 42′ 24″ 		M3.5 V 0.2312 11.31 12.73 192.0135
±0.0310[8]
DENIS J081730.0-615520§ 17.002
±0.037 		Car  08h 17m 30.1s
−61° 55′ 16″ 		T6 0.015 13.61 J 15.03 J 191.8362
±0.4186[8]
Gliese 445 (LHS 2459, G 254-29) 17.1368
±0.0017 		Cam*  11h 47m 41.4s
+78° 41′ 28″ 		M3.5 V 0.14 10.79 12.19 190.3251
±0.0194[8]
2MASS J15404342−5101357 17.3738
±0.0046 		Nor*  15h 40m 43.5s
−51° 01′ 36″ 		M7 V 0.090 15.26 16.63 187.7290
±0.0496[8]
2MASS 0939−2448 A§ 17.41
±0.44 		Ant  09h 39m 35.5s
−24° 48′ 28″ 		T8 V 0.019–0.048 15.61 J 16.97 J 187.3
±4.6[57] 		binary brown dwarf
B§ T8 V 0.019–0.038
Gliese 3323 (LHS 1723, LP 656-38) 17.5309
±0.0026 		Eri  05h 01m 57.4s
−06° 56′ 46″ 		M4 V 0.1705 12.22 13.57 186.0466
±0.0277[8] 		has 2 known planets
Gliese 526 (Wolf 498, HD 119850) 17.7263
±0.0024 		Boo*  13h 45m 43.8s
+14° 53′ 29″ 		M1 V 0.28 8.46 9.78 183.9962
±0.0253[8]
Stein 2051 (Gliese 169.1, G 175-34) A 17.9925
±0.0020 		Cam  04h 31m 11.5s
+58° 58′ 37″ 		M4 V 0.252 11.04 12.33 181.2730
±0.0203[8]
Bwhite dwarf  04h 31m 12.6s
+58° 58′ 41″ 		DC5 0.675 12.43 13.72
WISEP J111448.80-261828.2§ 18.20
±0.14 		Hya  11h 14m 51.3s
−26° 18′ 24″ 		T7.5 0.029–0.048 15.86 J 17.12 J 179.2
±1.4[58]
Gliese 251 (Wolf 294, HD 265866) 18.2146
±0.0028 		Gem*  06h 54m 49.0s
+33° 16′ 05″ 		M3 V 0.360 10.02 11.29 179.0629
±0.0280[8] 		has 1 known planet
LP 816-60 18.3305
±0.0038 		Cap*  20h 52m 33.0s
−16° 58′ 29″ 		M3.5 V 0.224 11.50 12.75 177.9312
±0.0365[8]
WISE 0350−5658§ 18.49
±0.24 		Ret*  03h 50m 00.3s
−56° 58′ 30″ 		Y1 22.47 J 23.70 J
WISEA J183537.82+325945.4 18.5534
±0.0049 		Lyr*  18h 35m 37.9s
+32° 59′ 55″ 		M8.5 V 0.053 18.27 19.50 175.7930
±0.0468[8]
Gliese 205 (Wolf 1453, HD 36395) 18.6042
±0.0022 		Ori  05h 31m 27.4s
−03° 40′ 38″ 		M1 V 0.556 7.95 9.17 175.3131
±0.0204[8] 		has 2 candidate planets
WISE J041521.21-093500.6§ 18.62
±0.18 		Eri  04h 15m 19.5s
−09° 35′ 07″ 		T8 0.03 15.34 J 16.56 J 175.2
±1.7[58]
Gliese 229 (HD 42581) A 18.7906
±0.0018 		Lep*  06h 10m 34.6s
−21° 51′ 53″ 		M1.5 V 0.579 8.14 9.34 173.5740
±0.0170[8] 		has 2 known planets
B§ T6 V 0.058 14.01 J 15.21 J
Alsafi (Sigma Draconis)$ 18.7993
±0.0081 		Dra  19h 32m 21.6s
+69° 39′ 40″ 		G9 V 0.85 4.67# 5.87 173.4939
±0.0748[8]
Ross 47 (Gliese 213) 18.8883
±0.0031 		Ori  05h 42m 09.3s
+12° 29′ 21″ 		M4 V 0.35 11.57 12.76 172.6762
±0.0286[8]
Gliese 570
(Lalande 27173, 33 G. Librae) 		A$ 19.1987
±0.0074 		Lib*  14h 57m 28.0s
−21° 24′ 56″ 		K4 V 0.802 5.64# 6.79 169.8843
±0.0653[8]
B M1.5 V 0.55 8.30 9.45
C M 0.35 9.96 11.11
D§ T7.5 0.05 15.32 J 16.47 J
Gliese 693 (Luyten 205-128) 19.2078
±0.0053 		Pav  17h 46m 32.4s
−57° 19′ 09″ 		M3 V 0.26 10.76 11.91 169.8042
±0.0465[8]
Gliese 754 (Luyten 347-14) 19.2724
±0.0067 		Tel*  19h 20m 48.0s
−45° 33′ 30″ 		M4 V 0.173 12.23 13.37 169.2351
±0.0588[8] 		has 1 candidate planet
Gliese 908 (Lalande 46650, BR Piscium) 19.2745
±0.0032 		Psc  23h 49m 12.5s
+02° 24′ 04″ 		M1 V 0.37 8.98 10.12 169.2163
±0.0281[8]
Gliese 752 (Wolf 1055, HD 180617) A 19.2922
±0.0027 		Aql  19h 16m 55.3s
+05° 10′ 08″ 		M2.5 V 0.46 9.10 10.24 169.0615
±0.0239[8] 		has 1 known planet
B (VB 10)  19h 16m 57.6s
+05° 09′ 02″ 		M8 V 0.075 17.45 18.59 very small and very dim red dwarf
Gliese 588 (CD-40 9712) 19.2996
±0.0031 		Lup*  15h 32m 12.9s
−41° 16′ 32″ 		M2.5 V 0.43 9.31 10.45 168.9965
±0.0270[8] 		has 2 candidate planets
Eta Cassiopeiae (Gliese 34) Achird (A)$ 19.3314
±0.0025 		Cas*  00h 49m 06.3s
+57° 48′ 55″ 		G3 V 0.972 3.46# 4.60 168.7186
±0.0216[8]
B K7 V 0.57 7.51 8.65
36 Ophiuchi (Gliese 663) Guniibuu (A)$ 19.4185
±0.0036 		Oph  17h 15m 20.9s
−26° 36′ 09″ 		K1.5 V 0.85 5.07# 6.20 167.9617
±0.0311[8]
B$  17h 15m 21.0s
−26° 36′ 10″ 		K1 V 0.85 5.08# 6.21
C$  17h 16m 13.4s
−26° 32′ 46″ 		K5 V 0.71 6.32# 7.45
YZ Canis Minoris (Ross 882, Gliese 285) 19.5330
±0.0040 		CMi  07h 44m 40.2s
+03° 33′ 09″ 		M4 V 0.308 11.19 12.30 166.9769
±0.0343[8]
WISE 1541−2250§ 19.54
±0.24 		Lib  15h 41m 51.6s
−22° 50′ 25″ 		Y0.5 0.011 20.99 J 22.10 J 166.9
±2.0[59]
GJ 1005 (Luyten 722-22, G 158-50) A 19.577
±0.035 		Cet  00h 15m 28.1s
−16° 08′ 02″ 		M3.5 V 0.179 11.60 12.71 166.6
±0.3[60] 		distance uncertain: 16.28±0.75, 17.91±0.67, 17.0±1.5, 16.26±0.76, 17.26, 19.695±0.095 ly
B M V 0.112 14.02 15.13
HR 7703 (279 G. Sagittarii, HD 191408, Gliese 783, IRAS 20079-3614) A$ 19.609
±0.013 		Sgr  20h 11m 11.93s
–36° 06′ 04″ 		K2.5 V 0.65 5.31# 6.41 166.3272
±0.1065[8]
B M4 V 0.24 11.50 12.60
82 G. Eridani (e Eridani, Gliese 139, HD 20794)$ 19.7045
±0.0093 		Eri  03h 19m 55.7s
−43° 04′ 11″ 		G8 V 0.70 4.26# 5.35 165.5242
±0.0784[8] 		has 3 confirmed planets, 3 candidate planets, hot and cold dust disks
Gliese 268 (Ross 986, QY Aurigae) A 19.7414
±0.0076 		Aur*  07h 10m 01.8s
38° 31′ 46″ 		M4.5 V 0.226 12.05 13.14 165.2147
±0.0636[8]
B M V 0.192 12.45 13.54
Delta Pavonis$ 19.893
±0.015 		Pav  20h 08m 43.6s
−66° 10′ 55″ 		G8 IV 1.051 3.55# 4.62 163.9544
±0.1222[8] 		has 1 candidate planet
SIMP0136§ 19.955
±0.057 		Psc  01h 36m 56.5s
+09° 33′ 47″ 		T2.5 0.012 13.25 J 14.32 J 163.4478
±0.4629[8] 		rogue planet, 12.7 Mj
2MASS 0937+2931§ 19.96
±0.22 		Leo  09h 37m 34.9s
29° 31′ 41″ 		T7 0.040 14.65 J 15.71 J 163.39
±1.76[61]
System Star or (sub-) brown dwarf Distance
(ly (±err))[7] 		Coordinates:
RA, Dec
(Ep J2000, Eq J2000)[6] 		Stellar
class 		Mass
M☉ 		App. Abs. Parallax
(mas
(±err))
[6][note 1] 		Notes and additional
references
Designation Magnitude (mV[6] or mJ)

Distant future and past encounters

Graph of the distances of various stars from the Sun during the past 20,000 to future 80,000 years.
Distances of the nearest stars from 20,000 years ago until 80,000 years in the future
Visualisation of the orbit of the Sun (yellow dot and white curve) around the Galactic Centre (GC) in the last galactic year. The red dots correspond to the positions of the stars studied by the European Southern Observatory in a monitoring programme.[62]

Over long periods of time, the slow independent motion of stars change in both relative position and in their distance from the observer. This can cause other currently distant stars to fall within a stated range, which may be readily calculated and predicted using accurate astrometric measurements of parallax and total proper motions, along with spectroscopically determined radial velocities. Although predictions can be extrapolated back into the past or forward into the future, they are subject to increasing significant cumulative errors over very long periods.[2] Inaccuracies of these measured parameters make determining the true minimum distances of any encountering stars or brown dwarfs fairly difficult.[63]

One of the first stars known to approach the Sun particularly close is Gliese 710. The star, whose mass is roughly half that of the Sun, is currently 62 light-years from the Solar System. It was first noticed in 1999 using data from the Hipparcos satellite, and was estimated will pass less than 1.3 light-years (0.40 pc) from the Sun in 1.4 million years.[64] With the release of Gaia's observations of the star, it has since been refined to a much closer 0.178 light-years (0.055 pc), close enough to significantly disturb objects in the Oort cloud, which extends out to 1.2 light-years (0.37 pc) from the Sun.[65]

Gaia's third data release has provided updated values for many of the candidates in the table below.[66][67][68][69]

Stars that are known to have passed or will pass within 5 light-years of the Sun in the past or future[70][71][72]
Star name HIP
number 		Minimum distance
(light-years) 		Date of approach
in thousands of years 		Current distance
(light-years) 		Stellar classification Mass in M☉ Current
apparent magnitude 		Current Constellation Current
Right ascension 		Current
Declination
Gliese 710 89825 0.167±0.012 1296+24
−23 		62.248±0.020 K7V 0.4–0.6 09.6 9.6


Serpens  18h 19m 50.843s −01° 56′ 18.98″
HD 7977 0.478+0.104
−0.078 		−2764+28
−29 		246.74±0.60 G0V ~1.2 09.04 9.04


Cassiopeia  01h 20m 31.597s +61° 52′ 57.08″
Scholz's Star and companion brown dwarf 0.82+0.37
−0.22 		−78.5±0.7 22.2±0.2 A: M9V
B: T5 		A: 0.095
B: 0.063 		18.3 18.3


Monoceros  07h 20m 03.20s −08° 46′ 51.2″
2MASS J0628+1845 1.61+0.28
−0.24 		1720+150
−130 		272.28±0.80 M2.5V 0.28 16.2 16.2


Gemini  06h 28m 11.593s +18° 45′ 12.91″
2MASS J0805+4624 1.610+0.099
−0.092 		−363+13
−14 		238.1±1.0 M3V 0.25 17.0 17.0


Lynx  08h 05m 29.038s +46° 24′ 51.78″
CD-69 2001 1.616+0.070
−0.068 		−1907±10 332.61±0.55 K4V 0.61 11.13 11.13


Indus  21h 40m 31.514s −69° 25′ 14.58″
HD 49995 1.70+0.23
−0.20 		−4034+94
−98 		439.74±0.59 A: F3V
B: M1V 		A: 1.48
B: 0.49 		8.78 Canis Major  06h 50m 20.810s −18° 37′ 30.58″
2MASS J0621-0101 1.71+0.46
−0.39 		−3206+68
−66 		428.8±3.1 G5V 0.96 11.9 Orion  06h 21m 34.807s −01° 01′ 55.01″
LSPM J2146+3813 1.8557±0.0048 84.59±0.19 22.9858±0.0034 M5V ~0.15 10.82 10.82


Cygnus  21h 46m 22.285s +38° 13′ 03.12″
2MASS J0455+1144 1.94+0.16
−0.15 		1702+58
−54 		349.50±0.80 M0V 0.50 15.3 15.3


Orion  04h 55m 21.427s +11° 44′ 41.25″
2MASS J0734-0637 1.950±0.021 −554.6±3.3 130.66±0.12 M0V 0.50 12.9 12.9


Monoceros  07h 34m 39.097s −06° 37′ 12.21″
2MASS J1151-0313 1.98+0.20
−0.18 		1017+60
−54 		125.88±0.41 M3.5V 0.23 15.3 15.3


Virgo  11h 51m 37.434s −03° 13′ 45.24″
UCAC4 076-006432 2.042+0.034
−0.033 		−893.8+7.9
−8.0 		212.41±0.15 mid K ~0.6 12.69 12.69


Mensa  06h 34m 29.385s −74° 49′ 47.12″
2MASS J0120+4739 2.25+0.17
−0.15 		473+27
−25 		237.56±0.66 M3.5V 0.25 16.5 16.5


Andromeda  01h 20m 04.561s +47° 39′ 46.56″
TYC 6760-1510-1 2.46+0.19
−0.18 		−1708+44
−47 		102.89±0.16 M1.5V 0.58 11.5 11.5


Hydra  15h 00m 09.536s −29° 05′ 27.67″
UCAC2 15719371 2.46±0.10 −4282+70
−73 		280.80±0.26 K4V 0.66 12.58 12.58


Antlia  09h 44m 09.884s −37° 45′ 31.09″
TYC 1662-1962-1 2.637+0.055
−0.054 		−1536.6+9.0
−9.1 		286.51±0.40 Early K ~0.8 10.95 10.95


Vulpecula  21h 14m 32.911s +21° 53′ 32.76″
HD 179939 94512 2.65±0.17 3020±25 334.32±0.88 A3V 1.7 07.23 7.23


Aquila  19h 14m 10.043s +07° 45′ 50.72″
BD-21 1529 2.701+0.059
−0.058 		−1660.1±6.3 368.48±0.56 G5V ~0.95 09.67 9.67


Canis Major  06h 37m 48.004s −21° 22′ 21.94″
2MASS J1310-1307 2.79+0.59
−0.47 		−1520+150
−190 		433.0±2.6 M2.5V 0.34 16.3 16.3


Virgo  13h 10m 30.804s −13° 07′ 33.55″
UPM J1121-5549 2.803±0.020 −282.5+1.6
−1.7 		72.498±0.029 M3V 0.29 13.5 13.5


Centaurus  11h 21m 18.136s −55° 49′ 17.77″
UCAC4 464-006057 2.812+0.052
−0.051 		932±11 101.570±0.086 Early M ~0.4 11.73 11.73


Taurus  04h 09m 02.050s +02° 45′ 38.32″
UCAC4 213-008644 2.91+0.13
−0.12 		−306+12
−13 		80.987±0.048 M5.0 0.17 16.4 16.4


Puppis  06h 21m 54.714s −47° 25′ 31.33″
Gliese 3649 3.016±0.024 −520.4±3.1 54.435±0.023 M1 0.49 10.85 10.85


Leo  11h 12m 38.97s +18° 56′ 05.4″
Ross 248 3.0446±0.0077 38.500±0.096 10.3057±0.0014 M6V 0.136 12.29 12.29


Andromeda  23h 41m 54.99s +44° 10′ 40.8″
2MASS J1921-1244 3.08+0.21
−0.19 		−3490+120
−130 		376.46±0.73 K6V 0.69 12.46 12.46


Sagittarius  19h 21m 58.124s −12° 43′ 58.61″
Proxima Centauri 70890 3.123±0.015 28.65±0.27 4.24646±0.00028 M5Ve 0.15 11.05 11.05


Centaurus  14h 29m 42.949s −62° 40′ 46.14″
TYC 9387-2515-1 3.220+0.081
−0.079 		−1509.1+8.6
−8.7 		401.96±0.54 K1V 0.86 11.45 11.45


Mensa  06h 18m 54.643s −80° 19′ 16.54″
Alpha Centauri AB A: 71683
B: 71685 		3.242±0.060 29.63+1.00
−0.98 		4.321±0.024 A: G2V
B: K1V 		A: 1.100
B: 0.907[73] 		A: -0.01
B: +1.33 		Centaurus  14h 39m 36.495s −60° 50′ 02.31″
Gliese 445 57544 3.3400±0.0051 46.341±0.065 17.1368±0.0017 M4 0.15? 10.8 10.8


Camelopardalis  11h 47m 41.377s +78° 41′ 28.18″
2MASS J1638-6355 3.37+0.29
−0.28 		−1428+21
−22 		468.5±4.2 K2V 0.82 12.44 12.44


Triangulum Australe  16h 38m 21.759s −63° 55′ 13.16″
2MASS J0542+3217 3.43+0.75
−0.71 		5823+89
−87 		884.6±2.4 A: G4V
B: K0V 		A: 1.01
B: 0.85 		12.80 12.80


Auriga  05h 42m 38.349s +32° 17′ 29.85″
2MASS J0625-2408 3.700+0.082
−0.080 		−1874±14 534.88±0.93 K/M ~0.5 12.91 12.91


Canis Major  06h 25m 42.744s −24° 08′ 35.02″
Barnard's Star 87937 3.7682±0.0031 11.735±0.013 5.96290±0.00044 sdM4 0.144 09.54 9.54


Ophiuchus  17h 57m 48.498s +04° 41′ 36.25″
BD+05 1792 3.965±0.040 −962.7±3.0 239.73±0.33 G2V 1.07 08.58 8.58


Gemini  07h 48m 07.037s +05° 27′ 22.51″
2MASS J2241-2759 4.05±0.16 −2810+37
−38 		411.06±0.76 K7V ~0.5 12.28 12.28


Piscis Austrinus  22h 41m 50.996s −27° 59′ 47.04″
2MASS J1724-0522 4.15+0.26
−0.25 		3058+54
−52 		489.5±1.3 K0V 0.86 12.73 12.73


Ophiuchus  17h 24m 55.056s −05° 22′ 11.45″
StKM 1-554 4.217+0.036
−0.035 		−549.9+2.9
−3.0 		151.97±0.19 M0V 0.65 12.17 12.17


Orion  05h 14m 01.871s +05° 22′ 56.26″
Gliese 3379 4.227±0.024 −157.43+0.93
−0.94 		16.9861±0.0027 M3.5V 0.19 11.31 11.31


Orion  06h 00m 03.824s +02° 42′ 22.97″
2MASS J1936+3627 4.23+0.62
−0.57 		3830+120
−110 		671.6±3.4 G5.5V 0.95 12.2 Cygnus  19h 36m 57.294s +36° 27′ 57.71″
2MASS J0710+5228 4.303±0.039 507.6+3.8
−3.7 		90.949±0.050 M3V 0.33 12.52 12.52


Lynx  07h 10m 52.167s +52° 28′ 18.49″
HD 146248 4.341+0.040
−0.039 		−1141.5±3.7 334.87±0.47 G2/3IV 1.23 09.47 9.47


Triangulum Australe  16h 19m 27.875s −64° 50′ 34.38″
2MASS J1724+0355 4.37±0.12 1991+38
−37 		254.99±0.26 G8V 0.85 12.54 12.54


Ophiuchus  17h 24m 34.633s +03° 55′ 26.75″
StKM 1-1456 4.396±0.043 1240.2+6.9
−6.8 		144.934±0.095 A: K5V
B: M8V 		A: 0.81
B: 0.09 		10.58 10.58


Hercules  17h 17m 31.118s +15° 34′ 55.35″
Zeta Leporis 27288 4.43+0.33
−0.30 		−878+42
−46 		72.81±0.40 A2Vann 2.0 03.55 3.55


Lepus  05h 46m 57.341s −14° 49′ 19.02″
Lalande 21185 54035 4.6807±0.0055 21.973±0.033 8.30437±0.00068 M2V 0.39 07.52 7.52


Ursa Major  11h 03m 20.194s +35° 58′ 11.55″
HD 68814 40317 4.724+0.090
−0.089 		−2242±13 259.85±0.30 G6V 0.98 09.57 9.57


Hydra  08h 13m 57.112s −04° 03′ 12.56″
2MASS J1941-4602 4.814+0.050
−0.049 		−456.5+4.1
−4.2 		66.848±0.033 M4-M6 ~0.15 12.4 12.4


Telescopium  19h 41m 53.18s −46° 02′ 31.4″
Schematic view to scale of past and future close approaches of stars to the Sun (Up to 4.5 light-years)

See also


Related lists


Notes

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Parallaxes given by RECONS are a weighted mean of values in the sources given, as well as measurements by the RECONS program.

References

  1. ↑ Weaver, Harold F. (1947). "The Visibility of Stars Without Optical Aid". Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific 59 (350): 232–243. doi:10.1086/125956. Bibcode: 1947PASP...59..232W. 
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Matthews, R. A. (1994). "The Close Approach of Stars in the Solar Neighborhood". Quarterly Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society 35: 1. Bibcode: 1994QJRAS..35....1M. 
  3. ↑ Bailer-Jones, C. A. L.; Rybizki, J.; Andrae, R.; Fouesnea, M. (2018). "New stellar encounters discovered in the second Gaia data release". Astronomy & Astrophysics 616 (37): A37. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201833456. Bibcode: 2018A&A...616A..37B. 
  4. ↑ Hall, Shannon (28 May 2018). "Known Close Stellar Encounters Surge in Number". Sky and Telescope. http://www.skyandtelescope.com/astronomy-news/close-stellar-encounters-surge/. 
  5. ↑ de la Fuente Marcos, Raúl; de la Fuente Marcos, Carlos (2022). "An Update on the Future Flyby of Gliese 710 to the Solar System Using Gaia DR3: Flyby Parameters Reproduced, Uncertainties Reduced". Research Notes of the AAS 6 (6): 136. doi:10.3847/2515-5172/ac7b95. Bibcode: 2022RNAAS...6..136D. 
  6. ↑ 6.00 6.01 6.02 6.03 6.04 6.05 6.06 6.07 6.08 6.09 6.10 6.11 6.12 6.13 6.14 6.15 6.16 6.17 6.18 6.19 6.20 6.21 6.22 6.23 6.24 6.25 6.26 6.27 6.28 6.29 6.30 6.31 6.32 6.33 6.34 6.35 6.36 6.37 6.38 6.39 6.40 6.41 6.42 6.43 6.44 6.45 6.46 6.47 6.48 6.49 6.50 6.51 6.52 6.53 6.54 6.55 "The One Hundred Nearest Star Systems". Research Consortium on Nearby Stars (RECONS). September 17, 2007. http://www.astro.gsu.edu/RECONS/TOP100.posted.htm. Retrieved 2007-11-06. 
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 From parallax.
  8. ↑ 8.00 8.01 8.02 8.03 8.04 8.05 8.06 8.07 8.08 8.09 8.10 8.11 8.12 8.13 8.14 8.15 8.16 8.17 8.18 8.19 8.20 8.21 8.22 8.23 8.24 8.25 8.26 8.27 8.28 8.29 8.30 8.31 8.32 8.33 8.34 8.35 8.36 8.37 8.38 8.39 8.40 8.41 8.42 8.43 8.44 8.45 8.46 8.47 8.48 8.49 8.50 8.51 8.52 8.53 8.54 8.55 8.56 8.57 8.58 8.59 8.60 8.61 8.62 8.63 8.64 8.65 8.66 8.67 8.68 8.69 8.70 8.71 8.72 8.73 Brown, A. G. A. (2021). "Gaia Early Data Release 3: Summary of the contents and survey properties". Astronomy & Astrophysics 649: A1. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202039657. Bibcode: 2021A&A...649A...1G. 
  9. ↑ Akeson, Rachel; Beichman, Charles; Kervella, Pierre; Fomalont, Edward; Benedict, G. Fritz (20 April 2021). "Precision Millimeter Astrometry of the α Centauri AB System". The Astronomical Journal 162 (1): 14. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/abfaff. Bibcode: 2021AJ....162...14A. 
  10. ↑ Lazorenko, P. F.; Sahlmann, J. (23 August 2018). "Updated astrometry and masses of the LUH 16 brown dwarf binary". Astronomy & Astrophysics 618: A111. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201833626. Bibcode: 2018A&A...618A.111L. 
  11. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named 1049primary
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 12.2 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Frequency of planets orbiting M dwa
  13. ↑ Lafarga, M.; Ribas, I.; Reiners, A.; Quirrenbach, A.; Amado, P. J.; Caballero, J. A.; Azzaro, M.; Béjar, V. J. S. et al. (2021). "The CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs. Mapping stellar activity indicators across the M dwarf domain". Astronomy and Astrophysics 652: 652. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202140605. Bibcode: 2021A&A...652A..28L. 
  14. ↑ Hurt, Spencer A.; Fulton, Benjamin; Isaacson, Howard; Rosenthal, Lee J.; Howard, Andrew W.; Weiss, Lauren M.; Petigura, Erik A. (2021), "Confirmation of the Long-Period Planet Orbiting Gliese 411 and the Detection of a New Planet Candidate", The Astronomical Journal 163 (5): 218, doi:10.3847/1538-3881/ac5c47, Bibcode: 2022AJ....163..218H 
  15. ↑ Benedict, G. Fritz; McArthur, Barbara E.; Gatewood, George; Nelan, Edmund; Cochran, William D.; Hatzes, Artie; Endl, Michael; Wittenmyer, Robert et al. (November 2006), "The extrasolar planet e Eridani b – orbit and mass", The Astronomical Journal 132 (5): 2206–2218, doi:10.1086/508323, Bibcode: 2006AJ....132.2206B. 
  16. ↑ Janson, M. et al. (September 2008), "A comprehensive examination of the ε Eridani system. Verification of a 4 micron narrow-band high-contrast imaging approach for planet searches", Astronomy & Astrophysics 488 (2): 771–780, doi:10.1051/0004-6361:200809984, Bibcode: 2008A&A...488..771J 
  17. ↑ Jeffers, S. V.; Dreizler, S.; Barnes, J. R.; Haswell, C. A.; Nelson, R. P.; Rodríguez, E.; López-González, M. J.; Morales, N. et al. (2020), "A multiple planet system of super-Earths orbiting the brightest red dwarf star GJ887", Science 368 (6498): 1477–1481, doi:10.1126/science.aaz0795, PMID 32587019, Bibcode: 2020Sci...368.1477J 
  18. ↑ ESO. "A temperate exo-Earth around a quiet M dwarf at 3.4 parsecs". https://www.eso.org/public/archives/releases/sciencepapers/eso1736/eso1736a.pdf. 
  19. ↑ Torres, G.; Andersen, J.; Giménez, A. (2010). "Accurate masses and radii of normal stars: modern results and applications". The Astronomy & Astrophysics Review 18 (1–2): 67–126. doi:10.1007/s00159-009-0025-1. Bibcode: 2010A&ARv..18...67T. 
  20. ↑ General Catalogue of Trigonometric Parallaxes.
  21. ↑ Hipparcos Catalogue.
  22. ↑ Bessel, F. W. (1839). "Bestimmung der Entfernung des 61sten Sterns des Schwans. Von Herrn Geheimen - Rath und Ritter Bessel" (in de). Astronomische Nachrichten 16 (5–6): 65–96. doi:10.1002/asna.18390160502. Bibcode: 1838AN.....16...65B. https://zenodo.org/record/1424605. "(page 92) Ich bin daher der Meinung, daß nur die jährliche Parallaxe = 0"3136 als das Resultat der bisherigen Beobachtungen zu betrachten ist".  A parallax of 313.6 mas yields a distance of 10.4 light years
  23. ↑ Kervella, Pierre; Arenou, Frédéric et al. (2019). "Stellar and substellar companions of nearby stars from Gaia DR2". Astronomy & Astrophysics 623: A72. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201834371. Bibcode: 2019A&A...623A..72K. ""This PMa offset between 61 Cyg A and B points at the possible presence of a third body in the system, likely orbiting around 61 Cyg B."". 
  24. ↑ Pinamonti, M.; Damasso, M.; Marzari, F.; Sozzetti, A.; Desidera, S.; Maldonado, J.; Scandariato, G.; Affer, L. et al. (2018). "The HADES RV Programme with HARPS-N at TNG. VIII. GJ15A: A multiple wide planetary system sculpted by binary interaction". Astronomy and Astrophysics 617: A104. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201732535. Bibcode: 2018A&A...617A.104P. 
  25. ↑ Feng, Fabo; Anglada-Escudé, Guillem; Tuomi, Mikko; Jones, Hugh R. A.; Chanamé, Julio; Butler, Paul R.; Janson, Markus (14 October 2019), "Detection of the nearest Jupiter analog in radial velocity and astrometry data", Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 490 (4): 5002–5016, doi:10.1093/mnras/stz2912, Bibcode: 2019MNRAS.490.5002F 
  26. ↑ 26.0 26.1 26.2 Chris Gelino, Davy Kirkpatrick, Adam Burgasser. "DwarfArchives.org: Photometry, spectroscopy, and astrometry of M, L, and T dwarfs". caltech.edu. http://ldwarf.ipac.caltech.edu/archive/version5/viewlist.php?table=ltdwarf&format=text.  (main page)
  27. ↑ Dreizler, S.; Jeffers, S. V.; Rodríguez, E.; Zechmeister, M.; Barnes, J.R.; Haswell, C.A.; Coleman, G. A. L.; Lalitha, S. et al. (2019-08-13). "Red Dots: A temperate 1.5 Earth-mass planet in a compact multi-terrestrial planet system around GJ1061" (in en). Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 493: 536–550. doi:10.1093/mnras/staa248. 
  28. ↑ Henry, Todd J.; Ianna, Philip A.; Kirkpatrick, J. Davy; Jahreiss, Hartmut (July 1997). "The solar neighborhood IV: discovery of the twentieth nearest star". The Astronomical Journal 114 (1): 388–395. doi:10.1086/118482. Bibcode: 1997AJ....114..388H. 
  29. ↑ 29.0 29.1 Henry, Todd J.; Jao, Wei-Chun; Subasavage, John P.; Beaulieu, Thomas D.; Ianna, Philip A.; Costa, Edgardo; Méndez, René A. (December 2006). "The Solar Neighborhood. XVII. Parallax Results from the CTIOPI 0.9 m Program: 20 New Members of the RECONS 10 Parsec Sample". The Astronomical Journal 132 (6): 2360–2371. doi:10.1086/508233. Bibcode: 2006AJ....132.2360H. 
  30. ↑ Astudillo-Defru, Nicola; Díaz, Rodrigo F.; Bonfils, Xavier; Almenara, José M.; Delisle, Jean-Baptiste; Bouchy, François; Delfosse, Xavier; Forveille, Thierry et al. (2017). "The HARPS search for southern extra-solar planets. XLII. A system of Earth-mass planets around the nearby M dwarf YZ Ceti". Astronomy & Astrophysics 605: L11. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201731581. Bibcode: 2017A&A...605L..11A. 
  31. ↑ Astudillo-Defru, Nicola; Forveille, Thierry; Bonfils, Xavier; Ségransan, Damien; Bouchy, François; Delfosse, Xavier et al. (2017). "The HARPS search for southern extra-solar planets. XLI. A dozen planets around the M dwarfs GJ 3138, GJ 3323, GJ 273, GJ 628, and GJ 3293". Astronomy and Astrophysics 602: A88. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201630153. Bibcode: 2017A&A...602A..88A. https://www.aanda.org/articles/aa/full_html/2017/06/aa30153-16/aa30153-16.html. 
  32. ↑ Pozuelos, Francisco J. et al. (2020). "GJ 273: on the formation, dynamical evolution, and habitability of a planetary system hosted by an M dwarf at 3.75 parsec". Astronomy & Astrophysics 641: A23. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202038047. Bibcode: 2020A&A...641A..23P. 
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  35. ↑ Anglada-Escude, G. (2014). "Two planets around Kapteyn's star : a cold and a temperate super-Earth orbiting the nearest halo red-dwarf". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: Letters 443: L89–L93. doi:10.1093/mnrasl/slu076. Bibcode: 2014MNRAS.443L..89A. 
  36. ↑ Bortle, Anna et al. (2021). "A Gaussian Process Regression Reveals No Evidence for Planets Orbiting Kapteyn's Star". The Astronomical Journal 161 (5): 230. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/abec89. Bibcode: 2021AJ....161..230B. 
  37. ↑ Kasper, M.; Biller, B. A.; Burrows, A.; Brandner, W.; Budaj, J.; Close, L. M. (2007). "The very nearby M/T dwarf binary SCR 1845-6357". Astronomy & Astrophysics 471 (2): 655. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20077881. Bibcode: 2007A&A...471..655K. 
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  39. ↑ George Gatewood (2003). "An Astrometric Study of the Low-Mass Binary Star Ross 614". The Astronomical Journal 125 (3): 1530–1536. doi:10.1086/346143. Bibcode: 2003AJ....125.1530G. http://www.iop.org/EJ/article/1538-3881/125/3/1530/202454.web.pdf?request-id=b6f1cb86-b810-4d37-8eb5-4adea768585d. 
  40. ↑ Bailer-Jones, C. A. L.; Rybizki, J.; Andrae, R.; Fouesneau, M. (2010). "The discovery of a very cool, very nearby brown dwarf in the Galactic plane". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 408 (1): L56. doi:10.1111/j.1745-3933.2010.00927.x. Bibcode: 2010MNRAS.408L..56L. 
  41. ↑ Bailer-Jones, C. A. L.; Rybizki, J.; Andrae, R.; Fouesneau, M. (2010). "Discovery of a very cool brown dwarf amongst the ten nearest stars to the Solar System". arXiv:1004.0317v1 [astro-ph.SR].
  42. ↑ "Nearby star hosts closest alien planet in the 'habitable zone'". December 16, 2015. http://phys.org/news/2015-12-nearby-star-hosts-closest-alien.html. "The planet, more than four times the mass of the Earth, is one of three that the team detected around a red dwarf star called Wolf 1061." 
  43. ↑ Quirrenbach, A. et al. (2022), "The CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs", Astronomy & Astrophysics 663: A48, doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202142915, Bibcode: 2022A&A...663A..48Q. 
  44. ↑ The Lick–Carnegie exoplanet survey: Gliese 687 b: A Neptune-mass planet orbiting a nearby red dwarf
  45. ↑ Feng, Fabo; Shectman, Stephen A.; Clement, Matthew S.; Vogt, Steven S.; Tuomi, Mikko; Teske, Johanna K.; Burt, Jennifer; Crane, Jeffrey D. et al. (2020), "Search for Nearby Earth Analogs. III. Detection of ten new planets, three planet candidates, and confirmation of three planets around eleven nearby M dwarfs", The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series 250: 29, doi:10.3847/1538-4365/abb139  Accepted for publication by ApJS
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  48. ↑ Rivera, Eugenio J. et al. (July 2010). "The Lick-Carnegie Exoplanet Survey: A Uranus-mass Fourth Planet for GJ 876 in an Extrasolar Laplace Configuration". The Astrophysical Journal 719 (1): 890–899. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/719/1/890. Bibcode: 2010ApJ...719..890R. 
  49. ↑ Fontanive, C.; Bedin, L. R.; Bardalez Gagliuffi, D. C. (2021-02-01). "The Y dwarf population with HST: unlocking the secrets of our coolest neighbours - I. Overview and first astrometric results". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 501 (1): 911–915. doi:10.1093/mnras/staa3732. ISSN 0035-8711. Bibcode: 2021MNRAS.501..911F. 
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  54. ↑ Wittenmyer, R. A. et al. (2014). "GJ 832c: A super-earth in the habitable zone". The Astrophysical Journal 791 (2): 114. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/791/2/114. Bibcode: 2014ApJ...791..114W. 
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  63. ↑ See also: Stellar kinematics.
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