Astronomy:GJ 1132 b

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GJ 1132 b
Size comparison of GJ 1132 b with Earth
Discovery[3]
Discovered byMEarth-South Array Team
Discovery site Chile
Discovery dateMay 10, 2015 (announced)[1] November 12, 2015 (confirmed)[2]
Transit
Orbital characteristics[5][6]
0.01570±0.00013 astronomical unit|AU
Eccentricity0.0118+0.047
−0.0099
Orbital period1.62892911+0.00000029
−0.00000030 d
Inclination86.58°±0.63°[4]
Semi-amplitude2.98±0.30 m/s
StarGJ 1132
Physical characteristics[8]
Mean radius1.130±0.056 R🜨[7]
Mass1.66±0.23 M🜨
Mean density6.3±1.3 g/cm3
12.9±2.2 m/s2
13.6±1.0 km/s
Albedo0.19+0.12
−0.15[5]
Physics583.8+11
−8.5 K (310.6 °C; 591.2 °F, equilibrium)[5]
709±31 K (436 °C; 817 °F, day side)[5]
Atmosphere
Composition by volumeNone or extremely thin[5]


GJ 1132 b (also known as Gliese 1132 b) is an exoplanet orbiting GJ 1132, a red dwarf star 41 light-years (13 parsecs) from Earth,[3] in the constellation Vela. The planet is considered uninhabitable but was thought to be cool enough to possess an atmosphere.[1] GJ 1132 b was discovered by the MEarth-South array in Chile.[9]

It had been called "one of the most important planets ever discovered beyond the Solar System," due to its relative proximity to Earth, as telescopes should have been able to determine the composition of its atmosphere, the speed of its winds, and the color of its sunsets,[10][11][12] if an atmosphere was present. This is due in part to the small diameter of its parent star (20% that of the Sun), which increases the effect on the star's light of its transits. The planet's diameter is about 13% larger than that of the Earth[3] and its mass is estimated at 1.6 times that of Earth,[1] implying that it has an Earth-like rocky composition.[13] GJ 1132 b orbits its star every 1.6 days at a distance of 2.24 million kilometres (1.4 million miles).[9]

The planet receives 19 times more stellar radiation than Earth.[3] The equilibrium temperature is estimated at 529 K (256 °C; 493 °F) for an Earth-like albedo, or 409 K (136 °C; 277 °F) for a Venus-like albedo. The planet is likely to be hotter than Venus, as higher temperatures likely prevail at the surface if the planet has an atmosphere.[13]

Atmosphere

GJ 1132b has been subject to multiple claims about the detection of an atmosphere. In April 2017, a hydrogen-dominated atmosphere was claimed to have been detected around GJ 1132 b.[14][4] However, subsequent, more precise work ruled out the claim.[15] Instead, in 2021 detection of a hazy hydrogen atmosphere without helium but with the admixture methane and hydrogen cyanide (implying substantial underlying free nitrogen in the mix, at around 8.9% of the atmosphere) was claimed.[16] Nevertheless, two subsequent studies found no evidence for molecular absorption in the HST WFC3 Spectrum of GJ 1132 b. Instead, the spectrum was found to be flat and featureless,[17][18] consistent with GJ 1132 b being an airless rock.[7]

A secondary eclipse observed by the James Webb Space Telescope and published in 2024 revealed a substellar temperature of 709±31 K (436 °C; 817 °F). This is only slightly below the maximum possible dayside temperature of 746+11
−14 K (473 °C; 883 °F), assuming a zero albedo planet with no heat redistribution. The thermal emission spectra rules out pure-carbon dioxide atmospheres above 0.006 bar and pure-water vapor atmospheres above 0.16 bar.[5] Therefore, GJ 1132b likely has little to no atmosphere, consistent with the idea of the Cosmic shoreline,[5] similar to other hot rocky M-dwarf planets, including: [[Astronomy:LHS 3844 b|LHS 3844 b (KuaTemplate:Saltillokua)]],[19] GJ 1252 b, TRAPPIST-1b[20] and c,[21] GJ 367b (Tahay), and GJ 486b (Su).[22]

See also

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Chu, Jennifer (November 11, 2015). "New exoplanet in our neighborhood". MIT News. https://news.mit.edu/2015/new-earth-sized-exoplanet-1111. 
  2. ↑ NASA Exoplanet Archive New ticker slide 1
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 Berta-Thompson, Zachory K. et al. (2015). "A rocky planet transiting a nearby low-mass star". Nature 527 (7577): 204–207. doi:10.1038/nature15762. PMID 26560298. Bibcode: 2015Natur.527..204B. 
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Southworth, John et al. (2017). "Detection of the Atmosphere of the 1.6 M🜨 Exoplanet GJ 1132 b". The Astronomical Journal 153 (4): 191. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/aa6477. Bibcode: 2017AJ....153..191S. 
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 Xue, Qiao; Bean, Jacob L.; Zhang, Michael; Mahajan, Alexandra S.; Ih, Jegug; Eastman, Jason D.; Lunine, Jonathan I.; Mansfield, Megan Weiner et al. (2024). "JWST Thermal Emission of the Terrestrial Exoplanet GJ 1132b". The Astrophysical Journal 973 (1): L8. doi:10.3847/2041-8213/ad72e9. Bibcode: 2024ApJ...973L...8X. 
  6. ↑ Kokori, A. et al. (14 February 2023). "ExoClock Project. III. 450 New Exoplanet Ephemerides from Ground and Space Observations". The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series 265 (1). doi:10.3847/1538-4365/ac9da4. Bibcode: 2023ApJS..265....4K.  Vizier catalog entry
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 Tsuchiya, T.; Rosen, B. P. (25 February 1976). "Calcium transport driven by a proton gradient and inverted membrane vesicles of Escherichia coli". The Journal of Biological Chemistry 251 (4): 962–967. doi:10.1016/S0021-9258(17)33786-9. 
  8. ↑ Bonfils, X. et al. (October 2018), "Radial velocity follow-up of GJ1132 with HARPS. A precise mass for planet 'b' and the discovery of a second planet", Astronomy & Astrophysics 618: 12, doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201731884, A142, Bibcode: 2018A&A...618A.142B. 
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 "Astronomers Eager to Get a Whiff of Newfound Venus-like Planet". Harvard–Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics. November 11, 2015. https://www.cfa.harvard.edu/news/2015-24. 
  10. ↑ Sample, Ian (11 November 2015). "Earth-like world could be 'most important planet found outside solar system'". https://www.theguardian.com/science/2015/nov/11/earth-like-world-gj1132b-could-be-most-important-planet-ever-found-outside-the-solar-system. 
  11. ↑ Burgess, Matt. "Exoplanet GJ 1132b: the 'most important' ever found". Wired UK. https://www.wired.co.uk/news/archive/2015-11/12/gj-1132b-most-important-planet-solar-system. Retrieved 2015-11-12. 
  12. ↑ "Getting Up Close and Personal with an Earth-Sized Exoplanet". The Kavli Foundation. November 11, 2015. http://www.kavlifoundation.org/science-spotlights/getting-close-and-personal-earth-sized-exoplanet#.VkYmYeSFMY8. 
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 Eva Botkin-Kowacki (2015-11-11). "Spotted: A rocky Earth-sized planet close by". The Christian Science Monitor. https://www.csmonitor.com/Science/2015/1111/Spotted-A-rocky-Earth-sized-planet-close-by. 
  14. ↑ "Atmosphere around super-Earth detected". April 6, 2017. https://phys.org/news/2017-04-atmosphere-super-earth.html. 
  15. ↑ Diamond-Lowe, Hannah et al. (2018). "Ground-based Optical Transmission Spectroscopy of the Small, Rocky Exoplanet GJ 1132b". The Astronomical Journal 156 (2). doi:10.3847/1538-3881/aac6dd. Bibcode: 2018AJ....156...42D. 
  16. ↑ Swain, Mark R.; Estrela, Raissa; Roudier, Gael M.; Sotin, Christophe; Rimmer, Paul B.; Valio, Adriana; West, Robert; Pearson, Kyle et al. (2021). "Detection of an Atmosphere on a Rocky Exoplanet". The Astronomical Journal 161 (5): 213. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/abe879. Bibcode: 2021AJ....161..213S. 
  17. ↑ Mugnai, Lorenzo V.; Modirrousta-Galian, Darius; Edwards, Billy; Changeat, Quentin; Bouwman, Jeroen; Morello, Giuseppe; Al-Refaie, Ahmed; Baeyens, Robin et al. (2021-04-05). "ARES.* V. No Evidence for Molecular Absorption in the HST WFC3 Spectrum of GJ 1132 b". The Astronomical Journal 161 (6): 284. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/abf3c3. Bibcode: 2021AJ....161..284M. 
  18. ↑ Libby-Roberts, Jessica E.; Berta-Thompson, Zachory K.; Diamond-Lowe, Hannah; Gully-Santiago, Michael A.; Irwin, Jonathan M.; Kempton, Eliza M.-R.; Rackham, Benjamin V.; Charbonneau, David et al. (2022). "The Featureless HST/WFC3 Transmission Spectrum of the Rocky Exoplanet GJ 1132b: No Evidence for a Cloud-free Primordial Atmosphere and Constraints on Starspot Contamination". The Astronomical Journal 164 (2): 59. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/ac75de. Bibcode: 2022AJ....164...59L. 
  19. ↑ Kreidburg, Laura (August 2019). "Absence of a thick atmosphere on the terrestrial exoplanet LHS 3844b". Nature 573 (7772): 87–90. doi:10.1038/s41586-019-1497-4. PMID 31427764. Bibcode: 2019Natur.573...87K. 
  20. ↑ Greene, Thomas P.; Bell, Taylor J.; Ducrot, Elsa; Dyrek, Achrène; Lagage, Pierre-Olivier; Fortney, Jonathan J. (March 2023). "Thermal Emission from the Earth-sized Exoplanet TRAPPIST-1 b using JWST". Nature 618 (7963): 39–42. doi:10.1038/s41586-023-05951-7. PMID 36972683. Bibcode: 2023Natur.618...39G. 
  21. ↑ Zieba, Sebastian et al. (June 2023). "No thick carbon dioxide atmosphere on the rocky exoplanet TRAPPIST-1 c". Nature 620 (7975): 746–749. doi:10.1038/s41586-023-06232-z. PMID 37337068. Bibcode: 2023Natur.620..746Z. 
  22. ↑ Mansfield, Megan Weiner; Xue, Qiao; Zhang, Michael; Mahajan, Alexandra S.; Ih, Jegug; Koll, Daniel; Bean, Jacob L.; Coy, Brandon Park et al. (2024). "No Thick Atmosphere on the Terrestrial Exoplanet GI 486b". The Astrophysical Journal 975 (1): L22. doi:10.3847/2041-8213/ad8161. Bibcode: 2024ApJ...975L..22W. 

Coordinates: Sky map 10h 14m 51.1s, −47° 09′ 12.″



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