Astronomy:Gliese 900

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Short description: Hierarchical triple star system in the constellation Pisces
Gliese 900
Location on Gliese 900 (circled in red)
Observation data
Equinox J2000.0]] (ICRS)
Constellation Pisces[1]
Right ascension  23h 35m 00.27674s[2]
Declination +01° 36′ 19.4347″[2]
Apparent magnitude (V) 9.546[3]
Characteristics
A
Evolutionary stage Main sequence[2]
Spectral type K5-7[4]
B−V color index 1.35[5]
B
Evolutionary stage Main sequence[4]
Spectral type M3-4[4]
C
Evolutionary stage Main sequence[4]
Spectral type M5-6[4]
Astrometry
Radial velocity (Rv)−10.44±0.44[2] km/s
Proper motion (μ) RA: 340.029[2] mas/yr
Dec.: 28.456[2] mas/yr
Parallax (π)47.9641 ± 0.0236[2] mas
Distance68.00 ± 0.03 ly
(20.85 ± 0.01 pc)
Absolute magnitude (MV)7.95[lower-alpha 1]
Details
A
Mass0.64 – 0.67[4] M☉
Radius0.716±0.021[6] R☉
Luminosity0.12±0.005[2] L☉
Temperature4,079±180[4] K
Metallicity [Fe/H]0.02[7] dex
Rotation11.9[8] days
Age200±50[8] Myr
B
Mass0.28 – 0.34[4] M☉
C
Mass0.16 – 0.24[4] M☉
Orbit
PrimaryA
CompanionBC
Period (P)≈80[4] yr
Orbit[7]
PrimaryB
CompanionC
Period (P)36 yr
Semi-major axis (a)444 mas (9.217 AU)[lower-alpha 2]
Eccentricity (e)0.136
Inclination (i)82.21°
Argument of periastron (ω)
(secondary)		109.8°
Position (relative to A)[4]
Epoch of observationDecember 2006
Angular distance751 (A–B)
708 (A–C)
51 (B–C) mas
Position angle342.5 (A–B)
344.7 (A–C)
130.3 (B–C)°
Other designations
BD+00 5017, GJ 900, HIP 116384, WDS J23350+0136A,BC, G 29-47 / 157-46, LSPM J2235+0136, TYC 585-236-1, GSC 00585-00236, 2MASS J23350028+0136193, WISE J233500.50+013619.7[9]
Database references
SIMBADdata
Exoplanet Archive900 data

Gliese 900 (GJ 900, BD+00 5017) is a triple star system, located 68 light-years from Earth in the constellation Pisces. It is made up of three main sequence stars: one is a K-type star, the two others are M-dwarf stars. The two M-dwarfs form a binary system with a period of 36 years, and this system has a period of 80 years around the primary component. With an apparent magnitude of 9.546, Gliese 900 is not visible to the naked eye. A widely separated planet has been detected around the system.[8]

Stellar system

Gliese 900 imaged by WISE, with the planetary-mass companion circled

Gliese 900 is a hierarchical star system, made up of three main sequence stars: The primary component (Gliese 900 A) is a K5-K7 type star, that has 0.64–0.67 times the mass of the Sun,[4] 0.72 times its radius,[6] and 12% its luminosity.[2] A light curve from the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) shows that its rotational period is 12 days.[8] Gliese 900 A has a high level of chromospheric and coronal activity, although its apparent brightness presents little variation.[10] The other components are red dwarf stars. Gliese 900 B has a spectral type of M3–M4 and a mass between 0.24 and 0.34 solar masses. Gliese 900 C has a spectral type of M5–M6 and a mass between 0.16 and 0.24 solar masses.[4]

The system is young, about 200 million years old, and is a likely member (99.7% probability) of the nearby moving group Carina-Near.[11] It is a source of X-ray emission, with an observed flux of 9.13×102 mW M-2, and is also a source of ultraviolet emission.[8] The emission of X-rays is typical of young stars, and classifies it as one.[10] The TESS light curve identifies stellar flares on this star.[8]

Orbit

Gliese 900 B and C form an inner pair (named Gliese 900 BC) with an orbital period of around 36 years.[7] Gliese 900 BC and Gliese 900 A orbit the system's center of mass with a period of 80 years.[4][8] As of November 2004, B was separated from A by 751 milliarcseconds and C was separated from A by 708 mas. This separation changes over time.[4] It was identified as a multiple star system in 2002 by Eduardo L. Martín, using adaptive optics-corrected images at the 8.2 m Subaru Telescope. When first observed, the A–B and A–C separations were of 0.51 and 0.76 arcsecs respectively.[10] A further study by Malogolovets et al. (2007) identified this system as a hierarchical triple.[4]

Other stars in the system

Malogolovets et al. (2007) reported two other objects in 2MASS images (potentially late red dwarfs) that would be the components D and E and make the system quintuple, being "very likely" to be bound to the system.[4] However, these faint stars haven't been confirmed as members of the GJ 900 system, and are likely not associated.[8]

Motion

Gliese 900 is located 68 light-years from Earth, based on parallax measurements by the Gaia spacecraft.[2] The BP-RP spectra suggest a distance of 67.7 ly.[2] The space velocity components of this system are U = −28.7, V = −15 and W = 0.2.[12] Gliese 900 is part of the thin disk population of the Milky Way.[12][4] It was once classified as part of the IC 2602 supercluster.[10] A newer analysis using kinematics from the Gaia spacecraft suggest that Gliese 900 has a 99.7% chance of being a member of the Carina-Near moving group and a 0.3% chance of being a field star, i.e. not associated to any star cluster or stellar association.[8]

Planetary system

A 2024 study led by Austin Rothermich identified CWISE J233531.55+014219.6 (abbreviated to CW2335+0142) as a proper motion companion to Gliese 900, with 99.5% probability.[8] This object, also called Gliese 900 b or Gliese 900 (ABC)b,[13][14] is a planetary-mass object that has 10.5 times the mass of Jupiter (0.01 times the mass of the Sun), a spectral type T9[8] and a temperature of 500 K.[15] It was found to be at an angular separation of 587" from Gliese 900. At the estimated distance to this system, it translates to a projected separation of 12,000 AU.[8]

As of 2024, Gliese 900 b has the largest observed separation of any known planet, and assuming a circular orbit, the longest orbital period.[16][17][lower-alpha 3] The orbital period is estimated at 1.27 million years based on the projected separation.[18] Due to the similar spectral type, orbital separation and age, Gliese 900 b has been compared to COCONUTS-2b by the discovery team.[8]

Also in 2024, a study using data from Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer found a red W2-W3 color for Gliese 900 b, which the researchers interpret as a sign of low gravity for T-dwarfs. Low gravity is often seen as an indicator of a young age and a low mass.[15]

Gliese 900 planetary system[8]
Companion
(in order from star) 		Mass Projected separation
(AU) 		Orbital period (106 years) Eccentricity Inclination Radius
b 10.5 [[Astronomy:Jupiter mass J}}}}}}]] 12,000 1.27[18]  –  –

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ Using the apparent magnitude and distance from Earth, Gliese 900's absolute magnitude can be calculated.
    9.546+5−5*log(20.85) = 7.95.
  2. ↑ Using the angular separation and the parallax (both in milliarcseconds), the physical separation (in AU) can be obtained.
    444/48.17 = 9.217 AU.
  3. ↑ Out of objects with a planetary mass (<13 MJ). Exoplanet databases list a few brown dwarfs at larger separations.

References

  1. ↑ Anderson, E.; Francis, Ch. (2012). "XHIP: An extended hipparcos compilation". Astronomy Letters 38 (5): 331. doi:10.1134/S1063773712050015. Bibcode: 2012AstL...38..331A  XHIP record for this object at VizieR.
  2. ↑ 2.00 2.01 2.02 2.03 2.04 2.05 2.06 2.07 2.08 2.09 Vallenari, A. et al. (2022). "Gaia Data Release 3. Summary of the content and survey properties". Astronomy & Astrophysics. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202243940  Gaia DR3 record for this source at VizieR.
  3. ↑ Koen, C.; Kilkenny, D.; Van Wyk, F.; Marang, F. (2010). "UBV(RI)C JHK observations of Hipparcos-selected nearby stars". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 403 (4): 1949. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2009.16182.x. Bibcode: 2010MNRAS.403.1949K. 
  4. ↑ 4.00 4.01 4.02 4.03 4.04 4.05 4.06 4.07 4.08 4.09 4.10 4.11 4.12 4.13 4.14 4.15 4.16 4.17 Malogolovets, E. V.; Balega, Yu. Yu.; Rastegaev, D. A.; Hofmann, K. -H.; Weigelt, G. (2007-06-01). "GJ 900: A new hierarchical system with low-mass components". Astrophysical Bulletin 62 (2): 117–124. doi:10.1134/S1990341307020034. Bibcode: 2007AstBu..62..117M. 
  5. ↑ Hünsch, M.; Schmitt, J. H. M. M.; Sterzik, M. F.; Voges, W. (1999-03-01). "The ROSAT all-sky survey catalogue of the nearby stars". Astronomy and Astrophysics Supplement Series 135 (2): 319–338. doi:10.1051/aas:1999169. ISSN 0365-0138. Bibcode: 1999A&AS..135..319H.  Gliese 900's database entry at VizieR.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Stassun, Keivan G.; Oelkers, Ryan J.; Paegert, Martin; Torres, Guillermo; Pepper, Joshua; De Lee, Nathan; Collins, Kevin; Latham, David W. et al. (2019-10-01). "The Revised TESS Input Catalog and Candidate Target List". The Astronomical Journal 158 (4): 138. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/ab3467. ISSN 0004-6256. Bibcode: 2019AJ....158..138S.  Gliese 900's database entry at VizieR.
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 Mann, Andrew W.; Dupuy, Trent; Kraus, Adam L.; Gaidos, Eric; Ansdell, Megan; Ireland, Michael; Rizzuto, Aaron C.; Hung, Chao-Ling et al. (2019-01-01). "How to Constrain Your M Dwarf. II. The Mass-Luminosity-Metallicity Relation from 0.075 to 0.70 Solar Masses". The Astrophysical Journal 871 (1): 63. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aaf3bc. ISSN 0004-637X. Bibcode: 2019ApJ...871...63M.  Gliese 900 BC's database entry at VizieR.
  8. ↑ 8.00 8.01 8.02 8.03 8.04 8.05 8.06 8.07 8.08 8.09 8.10 8.11 8.12 8.13 Rothermich, Austin; Faherty, Jacqueline K.; Bardalez-Gagliuffi, Daniella; Schneider, Adam C.; Kirkpatrick, J. Davy; Meisner, Aaron M.; Burgasser, Adam J.; Kuchner, Marc et al. (2024-06-01). "89 New Ultracool Dwarf Comoving Companions Identified with the Backyard Worlds: Planet 9 Citizen Science Project". The Astronomical Journal 167 (6): 253. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/ad324e. ISSN 0004-6256. Bibcode: 2024AJ....167..253R. 
  9. ↑ "GJ 900". SIMBAD. Centre de données astronomiques de Strasbourg. http://simbad.u-strasbg.fr/simbad/sim-basic?Ident=GJ+900. 
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 10.3 Martín, Eduardo L. (2003-08-01). "A New Multiple Stellar System in the Solar Neighborhood". The Astronomical Journal 126 (2): 918–920. doi:10.1086/376742. ISSN 0004-6256. Bibcode: 2003AJ....126..918M. 
  11. ↑ Zuckerman, B.; Bessell, M. S.; Song, Inseok; Kim, S. (2006-10-01). "The Carina-Near Moving Group" (in en). The Astrophysical Journal 649 (2): L115–L118. doi:10.1086/508060. ISSN 0004-637X. Bibcode: 2006ApJ...649L.115Z. 
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 Hinkel, Natalie R.; Mamajek, Eric E.; Turnbull, Margaret C.; Osby, Ella; Shkolnik, Evgenya L.; Smith, Graeme H.; Klimasewski, Alexis; Somers, Garrett et al. (2017-10-01). "A Catalog of Stellar Unified Properties (CATSUP) for 951 FGK-Stars within 30 pc". The Astrophysical Journal 848 (1): 34. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aa8b0f. ISSN 0004-637X. Bibcode: 2017ApJ...848...34H.  Gliese 900's database entry at VizieR.
  13. ↑ "GJ 900 Overview". NASA Exoplanet Archive. https://exoplanetarchive.ipac.caltech.edu/overview/GJ%20900. 
  14. ↑ Template:Cite EPE
  15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 Leggett, S. K.; Tremblin, Pascal (5 Nov 2024). "Redshifting the Study of Cold Brown Dwarfs and Exoplanets: the Mid-Infrared Wavelength Region as an Indicator of Surface Gravity and Mass". The Astrophysical Journal 979 (2): 145. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ad8fa6. Bibcode: 2025ApJ...979..145L. 
  16. ↑ Martin, Pierre-Yves (1995). "Catalogue of Exoplanets" (in en). https://exoplanet.eu/catalog/. 
  17. ↑ "Planetary Systems Composite Data". https://exoplanetarchive.ipac.caltech.edu/cgi-bin/TblView/nph-tblView?app=ExoTbls&config=PSCompPars. Retrieved 25 June 2024. 
  18. ↑ 18.0 18.1 "GJ 900 b - NASA Science" (in en-US). 31 May 2024. https://science.nasa.gov/exoplanet-catalog/gj-900-b/. 

Coordinates: Sky map 23h 35m 00.28s, +01° 36′ 19.43″



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