Astronomy:IC 2602

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Short description: Open cluster in the constellation Carina
IC 2602
The Southern Pleiades (IC 2602).jpg
Observation data (J2000 epoch)
ConstellationCarina
Right ascension 10h 42m 57.5s[1]
Declination−64° 23′ 39″
Distance486 ly[2] (149 pc)
Apparent magnitude (V)1.9[3]
Apparent dimensions (V)50′ × 50′
Physical characteristics
Estimated age13.7 M.yr−1
Other designationsTheta Carinae Cluster, Caldwell 102, Cr 229, Mel 102, VDBH 103[2]
See also: Open cluster, List of open clusters

IC 2602 (also known as the Southern Pleiades, Theta Carinae Cluster, or Caldwell 102)[4] is an open cluster in the constellation Carina. Discovered by Abbe Lacaille in 1751 from South Africa , the cluster is easily visible to the unaided eye, and is one of the nearest star clusters, centred about 149 parsecs (486 light-years) away from Earth.

Description

IC 2602 has a total apparent magnitude of 1.9,[3] and contains about 75 stars. It is the third-brightest open cluster in the sky, following the Hyades and the Pleiades. Its apparent diameter is about 50 arcminutes.

IC 2602 is likely about the same age as the open cluster IC 2391,[5] which has a lithium depletion boundary age of 50 million years old,[6] though the age estimated from its Hertzsprung-Russell diagram is about 13.7 million years.[7] IC 2602 is thought to form part of the Lower Scorpius–Centaurus association.[8][9]

Components

Theta Carinae is the brightest star within the open cluster, with the apparent visual magnitude of +2.74.[10] Theta Carinae is part of the asterism known as the Diamond Cross, which is often mistaken for the Southern Cross asterism in the constellation of Crux.

p Carinae (PP Carinae) is another third-magnitude star known to be a member of IC 2602, although it lies well outside the main visible grouping of stars. p Carinae exhibits a variable apparent magnitude ranging from 3.22 to 3.55.

All other members the cluster are of the fifth magnitude and fainter, but several are naked-eye objects, including HR 4196 (V518 Car), HR 4204, HD 93194, HR 4219, HR 4220, HR 4222, HD 92536, HD 93738, and V364 Carinae.

An exoplanet has been found orbiting the star TOI-837 in this cluster.[11]

IC 2602 Brightest Stars
Designation Apparent magnitude[12] Stellar classification[13] Distance (pc)
Theta Carinae 2.735 style="background:#Template:Color temperature;"|B0Vp 142[14]
p Carinae (PP Carinae) 3.247 style="background:#Template:Color temperature;"|B4Vne 104.645[12]
HR 4204 5.719 style="background:#Template:Color temperature;"|B3IV/V 309.598[15][16]
HR 4219 5.297 style="background:#Template:Color temperature;"|B6Vnn 156.674[12]
HR 4222 4.807 style="background:#Template:Color temperature;"|B4V 154.007[12]
HD 92536 6.313 style="background:#Template:Color temperature;"|B8V 156.823[12]
HD 93194 4.777 style="background:#Template:Color temperature;"|B3/5Vn 169.146[12]
HD 93738 8.571 style="background:#Template:Color temperature;"|B9.5V 417.168[12]
V364 Carinae 5.465 style="background:#Template:Color temperature;"|ApSi 160.013[12]
V518 Carinae 4.758 style="background:#Template:Color temperature;"|B3V 140.634[12]

History

IC 2602 was first discovered by French astronomer and abbot Nicolas-Louis de Lacaille on March 3, 1751 while in Cape of Good Hope, South Africa .[17] In Lacaille's initial discovery, he classified Theta Carinae (referred as "Theta Navis", or alternatively "Theta Argus"[citation needed]) as a third magnitude star, whilst citing the cluster's resemblance to the northern Pleiades.

Observation

Positioned at a declination of -64º on the night sky,[18] IC 2602 is most clearly visible from the southern hemisphere, and appears circumpolar from southern subtropics and temperate climates; the cluster is observable from a limited selection of north hemispherical regions, mainly tropical areas.[lower-alpha 1] IC 2602 is identifiable a few degrees south of the southern Milky Way, surrounded by various fifth and sixth magnitude stars. To the unaided eye, several faint stars are distinguishable to the east of the blue Theta Carinae.

Notes

  1. ↑ IC 2602 is located at a declination of −64°, which equates to an angular distance of 26º from the south celestial pole.

References

  1. ↑ "NED results for object IC 2602". National Aeronautics and Space Administration / Infrared Processing and Analysis Center. http://nedwww.ipac.caltech.edu/cgi-bin/nph-objsearch?objname=IC+2602&extend=no&out_csys=Equatorial&out_equinox=J2000.0&obj_sort=RA+or+Longitude&of=pre_text&zv_breaker=30000.0&list_limit=5&img_stamp=YES. 
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 "IC 2602". SIMBAD. Centre de données astronomiques de Strasbourg. http://simbad.u-strasbg.fr/simbad/sim-basic?Ident=IC+2602. 
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 "IC 2602 - SEDS Messier Database". https://spider.seds.org/ngc/ngc.cgi?IC+2602. 
  4. ↑ O'Meara, Stephen James (2016-09-26) (in en). Deep-Sky Companions: The Caldwell Objects. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1-316-03353-1. https://books.google.com/books?id=evkODQAAQBAJ&dq=deep+sky+companions+caldwell+objects+Southern+Pleiades%2C+Theta+Carinae+Cluster%2C+or+Caldwell+102%29&pg=PA467. 
  5. ↑ Stauffer, J.R. et al. (1997). "Rotational Velocities and Chromospheric/Coronal Activity of Low-Mass Stars in the Young Open Clusters IC 2391 and IC 2602". Astrophysical Journal 479 (2): 776. doi:10.1086/303930. Bibcode: 1997ApJ...479..776S. ,
  6. ↑ Barrado y Navascues, D; Stauffer, J.R.; Jayawardhana, R. (2002). "Spectroscopy of Very Low Mass Stars and Brown Dwarfs in IC 2391: Lithium Depletion and Hα Emission". Astrophysical Journal 614 (1): 386–397. doi:10.1086/423485. Bibcode: 2004ApJ...614..386B. 
  7. ↑ "WEBDA page for open cluster IC 2602". WEBDA. http://cbat.eps.harvard.edu/CBAT_M31.html. 
  8. ↑ Whiteoak, J.B. (1961). "A study of the galactic cluster IC 2602. I. A photoelectric and spectroscopic investigation". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 123: 245–256. doi:10.1093/mnras/123.3.245. Bibcode: 1961MNRAS.123..245W. 
  9. ↑ Blaauw, A. (1964). "The O Associations in the Solar Neighborhood". Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics 2: 213–246. doi:10.1146/annurev.aa.02.090164.001241. Bibcode: 1964ARA&A...2..213B. 
  10. ↑ "Theta Carinae". https://simbad.u-strasbg.fr/simbad/sim-id. 
  11. ↑ Bouma, L. G. et al. (November 2020). "Cluster Difference Imaging Photometric Survey. II. TOI 837: A Young Validated Planet in IC 2602". The Astronomical Journal 160 (5): 239. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/abb9ab. Bibcode: 2020AJ....160..239B. 
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 12.2 12.3 12.4 12.5 12.6 12.7 12.8 "Gaia Archive". https://gea.esac.esa.int/archive/. 
  13. ↑ "Theta Carinae". https://simbad.u-strasbg.fr/simbad/sim-id. 
  14. ↑ Whitman, Alan (June 1998). "At The Eyepiece: Eclipse-Chasing Perfection - The Caribbean". Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society of Canada 92: 158. Bibcode: 1998JRASC..92..158W. 
  15. ↑ "Catalogues - Hipparcos - Cosmos". https://www.cosmos.esa.int/web/hipparcos/catalogues. 
  16. ↑ Equated from parallax in milliarcseconds (mas).
  17. ↑ Jones, K. G. (March 1969). "The Search for the Nebulae - VI". Journal of the British Astronomical Association 79: 213 - 222. Bibcode: 1969JBAA...79..213J. 
  18. ↑ "NED results for object IC 2602". National Aeronautics and Space Administration / Infrared Processing and Analysis Center. http://nedwww.ipac.caltech.edu/cgi-bin/nph-objsearch?objname=IC+2602&extend=no&out_csys=Equatorial&out_equinox=J2000.0&obj_sort=RA+or+Longitude&of=pre_text&zv_breaker=30000.0&list_limit=5&img_stamp=YES. 

External links

Coordinates: Sky map 10h 42m 56s, −64° 23′ 42″



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