Biology:Akkermansia

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Akkermansia is a genus in the phylum Verrucomicrobiota (Bacteria).[1] The genus was first proposed by Derrien et al. (2004), with the type species Akkermansia muciniphila (gen. nov., sp. nov).[2]

Until 2016 the genus contained a single known species, namely A. muciniphila.[1] In 2016, Akkermansia glycaniphila was isolated in the feces of a reticulated python.[3]

Etymology

The name Akkermansia (Ak.ker.man'si.a.) derives from: Neo-Latin feminine gender noun Akkermansia, named after Anton Dirk Louis Akkermans (1940–2006),[4] a Dutch microbiologist recognized for his contribution to microbial ecology.[1] Neo-Latin neuter gender noun mucinum, mucin; Neo-Latin adjective philus from Greek adjective philos (φίλος) meaning friend, loving; Neo-Latin feminine gender adjective muciniphila, mucin-loving).[2]

Description

Cells are oval-shaped, non-motile and stain Gram-negative. Strictly anaerobic organism. Chemo-organotrophic. Mucolytic in pure culture.[2]: 1474 

Phylogeny

The currently accepted taxonomy is based on the List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN)[1] and National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI)[5]

16S rRNA based LTP_10_2024[6][7][8] 120 marker proteins based GTDB 09-RS220[9][10][11]
Akkermansia
 

A. glycaniphila

 
 
 

A. biwaensis Kobayashi et al. 2023

 
 

A. muciniphila

 
 
 
Akkermansia
 
 

A. biwaensis Kobayashi et al. 2023 [incl. "Ca. A. timonensis"]

 
 
 

"A. massiliensis" Ndongo et al. 2022

 
 

A. muciniphila Derrien et al. 2004

 
 
 
 
 

A. glycaniphila Ouwerkerk et al. 2016

 
 
 

"Ca. A. intestinavium" Gilroy et al. 2021

 
 

"Ca. A. intestinigallinarum" Gilroy et al. 2021

 
 
 
 

Human metabolism

Akkermansia muciniphila can reside in the human intestinal tract and is currently being studied for its effects on human metabolism and health.[12] It could be of interest for the treatment of obesity and type 2 diabetes. Akkermansia has been shown to reverse high-fat diet-induced metabolic disorders in mice by increasing intestinal levels of endocannabinoids (e.g. 2-arachidonoylglycerol and 2-oleoylglycerol) and mucosal thickness.[13][14][15] Another study showed that Akkermansia muciniphil alleviates depression-like behavior by regulating gut microbiota and metabolites in a chronic stress mouse model.[16]

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 "Genus: Akkermansia" (in en). Leibniz Institute DSMZ. https://lpsn.dsmz.de/genus/akkermansia. 
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 "Akkermansia muciniphila gen. nov., sp. nov., a human intestinal mucin-degrading bacterium". International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 54 (Pt 5): 1469–1476. September 2004. doi:10.1099/ijs.0.02873-0. PMID 15388697. 
  3. ↑ "Akkermansia glycaniphila sp. nov., an anaerobic mucin-degrading bacterium isolated from reticulated python faeces". International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 66 (11): 4614–4620. November 2016. doi:10.1099/ijsem.0.001399. PMID 27499019. 
  4. ↑ In memory of Antonius Dirk Louis (Anton) Akkermans, Springer Reference, http://www.springerreference.com/docs/html/chapterdbid/76264.html, retrieved 30 April 2014 
  5. ↑ "Akkermansia". National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) taxonomy database. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Undef&id=239934&lvl=3&keep=1&srchmode=1&unlock. 
  6. ↑ "The LTP". https://imedea.uib-csic.es/mmg/ltp/#LTP. 
  7. ↑ "LTP_all tree in newick format". https://imedea.uib-csic.es/mmg/ltp/wp-content/uploads/ltp/LTP_all_10_2024.ntree. 
  8. ↑ "LTP_10_2024 Release Notes". https://imedea.uib-csic.es/mmg/ltp/wp-content/uploads/ltp/LTP_10_2024_release_notes.pdf. 
  9. ↑ "GTDB release 09-RS220". https://gtdb.ecogenomic.org/about#4%7C. 
  10. ↑ "bac120_r220.sp_labels". https://data.gtdb.ecogenomic.org/releases/release220/220.0/auxillary_files/bac120_r220.sp_labels.tree. 
  11. ↑ "Taxon History". https://gtdb.ecogenomic.org/taxon_history/. 
  12. ↑ "A critical review of the relationship between dietary components, the gut microbe Akkermansia muciniphila, and human health". Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition 60 (13): 2265–2276. 2020. doi:10.1080/10408398.2019.1632789. PMID 31257904. 
  13. ↑ (in en) Microbial Endocrinology: The Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis in Health and Disease. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology. 817. New York, NY: Springer New York. 2014. doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-0897-4. ISBN 978-1-4939-0896-7. https://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-1-4939-0897-4. 
  14. ↑ "Cross-talk between Akkermansia muciniphila and intestinal epithelium controls diet-induced obesity". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 110 (22): 9066–9071. May 2013. doi:10.1073/pnas.1219451110. PMID 23671105. 
  15. ↑ (in en) Gut Microbiome in Neurological Health and Disorders. Nutritional Neurosciences. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore. 2022. doi:10.1007/978-981-19-4530-4. ISBN 978-981-19-4529-8. https://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-981-19-4530-4. 
  16. ↑ "A next-generation probiotic: Akkermansia muciniphila ameliorates chronic stress-induced depressive-like behavior in mice by regulating gut microbiota and metabolites". Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 105 (21–22): 8411–8426. November 2021. doi:10.1007/s00253-021-11622-2. PMID 34617139. 

Wikidata ☰ Q3884023 entry



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