Biology:Verrucomicrobiota
Verrucomicrobiota | |
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Transmission electron micrograph of stage II epixenosomes. | |
Scientific classification | |
Domain: | Bacteria |
Superphylum: | PVC superphylum |
Phylum: | Verrucomicrobiota Hedlund 2021[1] |
Classes | |
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Synonyms | |
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Verrucomicrobiota is a phylum of Gram-negative bacteria that contains only a few described species. The species identified have been isolated from fresh water, marine and soil environments and human faeces. A number of as-yet uncultivated species have been identified in association with eukaryotic hosts including extrusive explosive ectosymbionts of protists and endosymbionts of nematodes from genus Xiphinema, residing in their gametes.[2][3]
Verrucomicrobiota are abundant within the environment, though relatively inactive.[4] This phylum is considered to have two sister phyla: Chlamydiota (formerly Chlamydiae) and Lentisphaerota (formerly Lentisphaerae) within the PVC superphylum.[5] The Verrucomicrobiota phylum can be distinguished from neighbouring phyla within the PVC group by the presence of several conserved signature indels (CSIs).[6] These CSIs represent unique, synapomorphic characteristics that suggest common ancestry within Verrucomicrobiota and an independent lineage amidst other bacteria.[7] CSIs have also been found that are shared by Verrucomicrobiota and Chlamydiota exclusively of all other bacteria.[8] These CSIs provide evidence that Chlamydiota is the closest relative to Verrucomicrobiota, and that they are more closely related to one another than to the Planctomycetales.
Verrucomicrobiota might belong in the clade Planctobacteria in the larger clade Gracilicutes.[9]
In 2008, the whole genome of Methylacidiphilum infernorum (2.3 Mbp) was published. On the single circular chromosome, 2473 predicted proteins were found, 731 of which had no detectable homologs. These analyses also revealed many possible homologies with Pseudomonadota.[10][11]
Phylogeny
16S rRNA based LTP_01_2022[12][13][14] | 120 single copy marker proteins based GTDB 08-RS214[15][16][17] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Taxonomy
The currently accepted taxonomy is based on the List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN)[18] and National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI)[19]
- Genus ?"Ca. Epixenosoma" Bauer et al. 2005
- Genus ?"Ca. Nucleicoccus" corrig. Sato et al. 2014
- Genus ?"Ca. Organicella" Williams et al. 2021
- Genus ?"Ca. Rhizospheria" Nunes da Rocha 2010
- Class Opitutae Choo et al. 2007
- Order Opitutales Choo et al. 2007
- Family "Cerasicoccaceae" Pallen, Rodriguez-R & Alikhan 2022 [KCTC-12870]
- Genus Ruficoccus Lin et al. 2017
- Genus Cerasicoccus Yoon et al. 2007
- Family "Coraliomargaritaceae" Pallen, Rodriguez-R & Alikhan 2022 [DSM-45221]
- Genus "Lentimonas" Choo & Cho 2006
- Genus Coraliomargarita Yoon et al. 2007
- Family "Merdousiaceae" Pallen, Rodriguez-R & Alikhan 2022 [CAG-312]
- Genus "Ca. Merdousia" Gilroy et al. 2021
- Family "Moanibacteraceae" Pallen, Rodriguez-R & Alikhan 2022 [UBA2987]
- Genus "Ca. Moanibacter" corrig. Vosseberg, Martijn & Ettema 2018
- Family Opitutaceae Choo et al. 2007
- Genus Alterococcus Shieh and Jean 1999
- Genus Cephaloticoccus Lin et al. 2016
- Genus "Ca. Didemniditutus" corrig. Lopera et al. 2017
- Genus Ereboglobus Tegtmeier et al. 2018
- Genus "Geminisphaera" Wertz et al. 2018
- Genus "Lacunisphaera" Rast et al. 2017
- Genus Nibricoccus Baek et al. 2019
- Genus Oleiharenicola Rochman et al. 2018
- Genus Opitutus Chin et al. 2001
- Genus Pelagicoccus Yoon et al. 2007
- Genus Rariglobus Pitt et al. 2020
- Genus "Ca. Synoicihabitans" Murray et al. 2021
- Family Puniceicoccaceae Choo et al. 2007
- Genus "Ca. Fucivorax" Orellana et al. 2022
- Genus "Ca. Marcellius" Nixon et al. 2019
- Genus "Ca. Pelagisphaera" Bar-Shalom et al. 2023
- Genus "Ca. Pinguicoccus" Serra et al. 2020
- Genus Puniceicoccus Choo et al. 2007
- Family "Spyradosomataceae" Pallen, Rodriguez-R & Alikhan 2022 [UBA953]
- Genus "Ca. Spyradosoma" Gilroy et al. 2021
- Family Verruco-01
- Genus Oceanipulchritudo Feng et al. 2020
- Family "Cerasicoccaceae" Pallen, Rodriguez-R & Alikhan 2022 [KCTC-12870]
- Order Opitutales Choo et al. 2007
- Class "Methylacidiphilae"
- Order "Methylacidiphilales" Op den Camp 2009 ["Limisphaerales" Podosokorskaya et al. 2022]
- Family "Methylacidiphilaceae" Op den Camp 2009
- Genus "Methylacidimicrobium" van Teeseling et al. 2014
- Genus "Ca. Methylacidiphilum" Hou et al. 2008
- Genus "Ca. Methylacidithermus" Picone et al. 2021
- Family "Limisphaeraceae" Pallen, Rodriguez-R & Alikhan 2022 [NGM72-4]
- Genus Limisphaera Anders et al. 2015
- Family "Pedosphaeraceae"
- Genus "Pedosphaera" Ozyurt 2008
- Family "Methylacidiphilaceae" Op den Camp 2009
- Order "Methylacidiphilales" Op den Camp 2009 ["Limisphaerales" Podosokorskaya et al. 2022]
- Class Terrimicrobia García-López et al. 2020
- Order Terrimicrobiales García-López et al. 2020 ["Chthoniobacterales" Sangwan et al. 2004]
- Family "Chthoniobacteraceae" Sangwan et al. 2004
- Genus "Chthoniobacter" Sangwan et al. 2004
- Family Terrimicrobiaceae García-López et al. 2020
- Genus Terrimicrobium Qiu et al. 2014
- Family "Udaeobacteraceae" Pallen, Rodriguez-R & Alikhan 2022 [UBA10450]
- Genus "Ca. Udaeobacter" Brewer et al. 2016
- Family "Xiphinematobacteraceae"
- Genus "Ca. Xiphinematobacter" Vandekerckhove et al. 2000
- Family "Chthoniobacteraceae" Sangwan et al. 2004
- Order Terrimicrobiales García-López et al. 2020 ["Chthoniobacterales" Sangwan et al. 2004]
- Class Verrucomicrobiae Hedlund et al. 1998
- Order Verrucomicrobiales Ward-Rainey et al. 1996
- Family Akkermansiaceae Hedlund & Derrien 2012
- Genus Akkermansia Derrien et al. 2004
- Genus Haloferula Yoon et al. 2008
- Genus Luteolibacter Yoon et al. 2008
- Genus "Ca. Mariakkermansia" Orellana et al. 2022
- Genus Oceaniferula Jin et al. 2022
- Genus Persicirhabdus Yoon et al. 2008
- Genus Roseibacillus Yoon et al. 2008
- Genus Rubritalea Scheuermayer et al. 2006
- Family SLCJ01
- Genus "Sulfuriroseicoccus" Feng et al. 2022
- Family Verrucomicrobiaceae Ward-Rainey et al. 1996
- Genus "Fucophilus" Sakai et al. 2001b
- Genus Brevifollis Otsuka et al. 2013
- Genus Phragmitibacter Szuróczki et al. 2021
- Genus Prosthecobacter Staley et al. 1976 ex Staley et al. 1980
- Genus Roseimicrobium Otsuka et al. 2013
- Genus Verrucomicrobium Schlesner 1988
- Family Akkermansiaceae Hedlund & Derrien 2012
- Order Verrucomicrobiales Ward-Rainey et al. 1996
See also
References
- ↑ "Valid publication of the names of forty-two phyla of prokaryotes". Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 71 (10): 5056. 2021. doi:10.1099/ijsem.0.005056. PMID 34694987.
- ↑ "Transovarial transmission of symbionts in Xiphinema brevicollum (Nematoda: Longidoridae)". Nematology (Brill) 2 (4): 443–449. 1 January 2000. doi:10.1163/156854100509303. ISSN 1388-5545.
- ↑ "Occurrence of novel verrucomicrobial species, endosymbiotic and associated with parthenogenesis in Xiphinema americanum-group species (Nematoda, Longidoridae).". International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology (Microbiology Society) 50 (6): 2197–2205. 2000. doi:10.1099/00207713-50-6-2197. ISSN 1466-5034. PMID 11155997.
- ↑ White, Richard Allen; Bottos, Eric M.; Roy Chowdhury, Taniya; Zucker, Jeremy D.; Brislawn, Colin J.; Nicora, Carrie D.; Fansler, Sarah J.; Glaesemann, Kurt R. et al. (2016-06-28). Langille, Morgan. ed. "Moleculo Long-Read Sequencing Facilitates Assembly and Genomic Binning from Complex Soil Metagenomes" (in en). mSystems 1 (3): e00045–16. doi:10.1128/mSystems.00045-16. ISSN 2379-5077. PMID 27822530.
- ↑ "Lentisphaera araneosa gen. nov., sp. nov, a transparent exopolymer producing marine bacterium, and the description of a novel bacterial phylum, Lentisphaerae". Environ Microbiol 6 (6): 611–21. 2004. doi:10.1111/j.1462-2920.2004.00614.x. PMID 15142250. Bibcode: 2004EnvMi...6..611C.
- ↑ "Molecular Signatures for the PVC Clade (Planctomycetes, Verrucomicrobia, Chlamydiae, and Lentisphaerae) of Bacteria Provide Insights into Their Evolutionary Relationships". Front Microbiol 3: 327. 2012. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2012.00327. PMID 23060863.
- ↑ "Impact of genomics on the understanding of microbial evolution and classification: the importance of Darwin's views on classification". FEMS Microbiol Rev 40 (4): 520–53. 2016. doi:10.1093/femsre/fuw011. PMID 27279642. http://femsre.oxfordjournals.org/content/early/2016/06/07/femsre.fuw011.abstract.
- ↑ "Phylogeny and shared conserved inserts in proteins provide evidence that Verrucomicrobia are the closest known free-living relatives of chlamydiae". Microbiology 153 (Pt 8): 2648–54. 2007. doi:10.1099/mic.0.2007/009118-0. PMID 17660429.
- ↑ Wagner, M; Horn, M (2006). "The Planctomycetes, Verrucomicrobia, Chlamydiae and sister phyla comprise a superphylum with biotechnological and medical relevance". Current Opinion in Biotechnology 17 (3): 241–9. doi:10.1016/j.copbio.2006.05.005. PMID 16704931.
- ↑ Hou, S; Makarova, KS; Saw, JH; Senin, P; Ly, BV; Zhou, Z; Ren, Y; Wang, J et al. (2008). "Complete genome sequence of the extremely acidophilic methanotroph isolate V4, Methylacidiphilum infernorum, a representative of the bacterial phylum Verrucomicrobia". Biology Direct 3: 26. doi:10.1186/1745-6150-3-26. PMID 18593465.
- ↑ "Bergey's Taxonomic Outlines: Volume 4 - Draft Taxonomic Outline of the Bacteroidetes, Planctomycetes, Chlamydiae, Spirochaetes, Fibrobacteres, Fusobacteria, Acidobacteria, Verrucomicrobia, Dictyoglomi, and Gemmatimonadetes". Bergey's Manual Trust: 15. 2008. http://bergeys.org/outlines/Bergeys_Vol_4_Outline.pdf. Retrieved 2011-06-22.
- ↑ "The LTP". https://imedea.uib-csic.es/mmg/ltp/#LTP.
- ↑ "LTP_all tree in newick format". https://imedea.uib-csic.es/mmg/ltp/wp-content/uploads/ltp/Tree_LTP_all_01_2022.ntree.
- ↑ "LTP_01_2022 Release Notes". https://imedea.uib-csic.es/mmg/ltp/wp-content/uploads/ltp/LTP_01_2022_release_notes.pdf.
- ↑ "GTDB release 08-RS214". https://gtdb.ecogenomic.org/about#4%7C.
- ↑ "bac120_r214.sp_label". https://data.gtdb.ecogenomic.org/releases/release214/214.0/auxillary_files/bac120_r214.sp_labels.tree.
- ↑ "Taxon History". https://gtdb.ecogenomic.org/taxon_history/.
- ↑ J.P. Euzéby. "Verrucomicrobiota". List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN). https://lpsn.dsmz.de/phylum/verrucomicrobiota.
- ↑ Sayers. "Verrucomicrobia". National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) taxonomy database. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Undef&id=74201&lvl=3&lin=f&keep=1&srchmode=1&unlock.
Wikidata ☰ Q18667425 entry
Original source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verrucomicrobiota.
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