Biology:Haplogroup W

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Short description: Human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroup
Haplogroup W
Possible time of origin23,900 ybp[1]
Possible place of originWest Asia
AncestorN2
DescendantsW1, C194T, W3, W4, W5, W6, W7
Defining mutations195 204 207 1243 3505 5460 8251 8994 11947 15884C 16292[2]

Haplogroup W is a human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroup.

Origin

Haplogroup W is believed to have originated around 23,900 years ago in Western Asia.[1] It is descended from the haplogroup N2.

Distribution

Projected spatial distribution of haplogroup W.

Haplogroup W is found in Europe, Western Asia, and South Asia.[3] It is widely distributed at low frequencies, with a high concentration in Northern Pakistan.[4] Haplogroup W is also found in the Maghreb among Algerians (1.08%-3.23%)[5] and in Siberia among Yakuts (6/423 = 1.42%[6]).

Additionally, the clade has been observed among ancient Egyptian mummies excavated at the Abusir el-Meleq archaeological site in Middle Egypt, which date from the Ptolemaic Kingdom.[7]

The W5 subclade has been found in a fossil associated with the Starčevo culture (Lánycsók site; 1/1 or 100%).[8]

Ancient DNA analysis found that the medieval individual Sungir 6 (730-850 cal BP) belonged to the W3a1 subclade.[9]

Subclades

Tree

Phylogenetic tree of haplogroups I (left) and W (right). Kya in the left scale bar stands for thousand years ago.

This phylogenetic tree of haplogroup W subclades is based on the paper by Mannis van Oven and Manfred Kayser Updated comprehensive phylogenetic tree of global human mitochondrial DNA variation[2] and subsequent published research.

Famous members

  • Biologist Rudolf Raff was a member of haplogroup W.[80]
  • Journalist and investor Laurel Touby is a member of haplogroup W3a.[81]
  • Businesswoman and television host Martha Stewart belongs to haplogroup W6.[82]

See also

Phylogenetic tree of human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroups

  Mitochondrial Eve (L)    
L0 L1–6  
L1 L2   L3     L4 L5 L6
M N  
CZ D E G Q   O A S R   I W X Y
C Z B F R0   pre-JT   P   U
HV JT K
H V J T

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Soares, Pedro; Luca Ermini; Noel Thomson; Maru Mormina; Teresa Rito; Arne Röhl; Antonio Salas; Stephen Oppenheimer et al. (4 Jun 2009). "Supplemental Data Correcting for Purifying Selection: An Improved Human Mitochondrial Molecular Clock". The American Journal of Human Genetics 84 (6): 82–93. doi:10.1016/j.ajhg.2009.05.001. PMID 19500773. 
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 van Oven, Mannis; Manfred Kayser (13 Oct 2008). "Updated comprehensive phylogenetic tree of global human mitochondrial DNA variation". Human Mutation 30 (2): E386–E394. doi:10.1002/humu.20921. PMID 18853457. 
  3. ↑ Petraglia, Michael D.; Allchin, Bridget (2007). The Evolution and History of Human Populations in South Asia: Inter-disciplinary Studies in Archaeology, Biological Anthropology, Linguistics and Genetics. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 237. ISBN 978-1-4020-5562-1. https://books.google.com/books?id=Qm9GfjNlnRwC&pg=PA237. 
  4. ↑ Meit Metspalu et al., Most of the extant mtDNA boundaries in South and Southwest Asia were likely shaped during the initial settlement of Eurasia by anatomically modern humans. BMC Genetics, 2004
  5. ↑ Asmahan Bekada; Lara R. Arauna; Tahria Deba; Francesc Calafell; Soraya Benhamamouch; David Comas (September 24, 2015). "Genetic Heterogeneity in Algerian Human Populations". PLOS ONE 10 (9). doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0138453. PMID 26402429. Bibcode: 2015PLoSO..1038453B. ; S5 Table
  6. ↑ Sardana A Fedorova, Maere Reidla, Ene Metspalu, et al., "Autosomal and uniparental portraits of the native populations of Sakha (Yakutia): implications for the peopling of Northeast Eurasia." BMC Evolutionary Biology 2013, 13:127. http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2148/13/127
  7. ↑ Schuenemann, Verena J. (2017). "Ancient Egyptian mummy genomes suggest an increase of Sub-Saharan African ancestry in post-Roman periods". Nature Communications 8. doi:10.1038/ncomms15694. PMID 28556824. Bibcode: 2017NatCo...815694S. 
  8. ↑ Mark Lipson (2017). "Parallel palaeogenomic transects reveal complex genetic history of early European farmers". Nature 551 (7680): 368–372. doi:10.1038/nature24476. PMID 29144465. PMC 5973800. Bibcode: 2017Natur.551..368L. http://docdro.id/kHZiI2t. Retrieved 18 November 2017. 
  9. ↑ Sikora, Martin; Seguin-Orlando, Andaine; Sousa, Vitor C.; Albrechtsen, Anders; Korneliussen, Thorfinn; Ko, Amy; Rasmussen, Simon; Dupanloup, Isabelle et al. (2017). "Ancient genomes show social and reproductive behavior of early Upper Paleolithic foragers". Science 358 (6363): 659–662. doi:10.1126/science.aao1807. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 28982795. Bibcode: 2017Sci...358..659S. 
  10. ↑ Homo sapiens isolate 92_Tor793_W1 mitochondrion, complete genome GenBank: KF146272.1.
  11. ↑ Homo sapiens isolate poz377 haplogroup W1 mitochondrion, complete genome GenBank: MT588229.1.
  12. ↑ Homo sapiens haplogroup W1* mitochondrion, complete genome GenBank: KC911537.1.
  13. ↑ Homo sapiens isolate E8_fi_ath haplogroup W1a mitochondrion, complete genome GenBank: MN516604.1.
  14. ↑ Homo sapiens isolate S90_fi_ath haplogroup W1b1 mitochondrion, complete genome GenBank: MN516694.1.
  15. ↑ Homo sapiens haplogroup W1c mitochondrion, complete genome GenBank: KC911592.1.
  16. ↑ Behar, Doron M.; Metspalu, Ene; Kivisild, Toomas; Rosset, Saharon; Tzur, Shay; Hadid, Yarin; Yudkovsky, Guennady; Rosengarten, Dror et al. (2008-04-30). "Counting the Founders: The Matrilineal Genetic Ancestry of the Jewish Diaspora" (in en). PLOS ONE 3 (4): Table 2. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0002062. PMID 18446216. Bibcode: 2008PLoSO...3.2062B. 
  17. ↑ "W1d MTree". https://www.yfull.com/mtree/W1d/. 
  18. ↑ Brook, Kevin Alan (2022). The Maternal Genetic Lineages of Ashkenazic Jews. Academic Studies Press. p. 121. doi:10.2307/j.ctv33mgbcn. ISBN 978-1-64469-984-3. 
  19. ↑ Homo sapiens isolate 1549629 mitochondrion, complete genome GenBank: JX153072.1.
  20. ↑ 20.000 20.001 20.002 20.003 20.004 20.005 20.006 20.007 20.008 20.009 20.010 20.011 20.012 20.013 20.014 20.015 20.016 20.017 20.018 20.019 20.020 20.021 20.022 20.023 20.024 20.025 20.026 20.027 20.028 20.029 20.030 20.031 20.032 20.033 20.034 20.035 20.036 20.037 20.038 20.039 20.040 20.041 20.042 20.043 20.044 20.045 20.046 20.047 20.048 20.049 20.050 20.051 20.052 20.053 20.054 20.055 20.056 20.057 20.058 20.059 20.060 20.061 20.062 20.063 20.064 20.065 20.066 20.067 20.068 20.069 20.070 20.071 20.072 20.073 20.074 20.075 20.076 20.077 20.078 20.079 20.080 20.081 20.082 20.083 20.084 20.085 20.086 20.087 20.088 20.089 20.090 20.091 20.092 20.093 20.094 20.095 20.096 20.097 20.098 20.099 20.100 20.101 20.102 20.103 20.104 20.105 20.106 20.107 20.108 Phylogeny of mtDNA haplogroup W according to YFull
  21. ↑ "Homo sapiens isolate AZB5 mitochondrion, complete genome". 4 April 2012. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/JQ245741.1. 
  22. ↑ "Homo sapiens isolate NG14 mitochondrion, complete genome". 30 June 2017. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/KX467289.1. 
  23. ↑ Homo sapiens isolate Ararat_11 haplogroup W3a1 mitochondrion, complete genome GenBank: MF362752.1.
  24. ↑ "Homo sapiens isolate KUR94 mitochondrion, complete genome". 4 April 2012. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/JQ245760.1. 
  25. ↑ "Homo sapiens isolate 104_Tor787_W3a1 mitochondrion, complete genome". 24 August 2013. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/KF146276.1. 
  26. ↑ Homo sapiens isolate 94_Tor782_W3a1 mitochondrion, complete genome GenBank: KF146273.1.
  27. ↑ "Homo sapiens isolate 100_Tor794_W3a1 mitochondrion, complete genome". 24 August 2013. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/KF146274.1. 
  28. ↑ "Homo sapiens isolate csct_007509 mitochondrion, complete genome". 2 March 2017. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/KY399203.1. 
  29. ↑ "Homo sapiens isolate PG2012_499 mitochondrion, complete genome". 20 July 2020. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/MN687271.1. 
  30. ↑ "Homo sapiens isolate 101_Tor783_W3a1 mitochondrion, complete genome". 24 August 2013. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/KF146275.1. 
  31. ↑ "Homo sapiens isolate 6130 mitochondrion, complete genome". 2 March 2017. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/KY399175.1. 
  32. ↑ "Homo sapiens isolate A10-59 mitochondrion, complete genome". 11 December 2018. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/MH120427.1. 
  33. ↑ Homo sapiens isolate 105_Tor769_W3a1 mitochondrion, complete genome GenBank: KF146277.1.
  34. ↑ Brook, Kevin Alan (2022). The Maternal Genetic Lineages of Ashkenazic Jews. Academic Studies Press. p. 122. doi:10.2307/j.ctv33mgbcn. ISBN 978-1-64469-984-3. 
  35. ↑ "Homo sapiens isolate 106_Tor777_W3a1b mitochondrion, complete genome". 24 August 2013. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/KF146278.1. 
  36. ↑ 36.0 36.1 Olivieri, Anna; Pala, Maria; Gandini, Francesca; Kashani, Baharak Hooshiar; Perego, Ugo A.; Woodward, Scott R.; Grugni, Viola; Battaglia, Vincenza et al. (31 July 2013). "Mitogenomes from Two Uncommon Haplogroups Mark Late Glacial/Postglacial Expansions from the Near East and Neolithic Dispersals within Europe". PLOS ONE 8 (7). doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0070492. PMID 23936216. Bibcode: 2013PLoSO...870492O. 
  37. ↑ "Homo sapiens isolate Daur mitochondrion sequence". 4 September 2022. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/ON127719.1. 
  38. ↑ Homo sapiens haplogroup W3a1d mitochondrion, complete genome GenBank: KY849398.1.
  39. ↑ "Homo sapiens isolate D27 haplogroup W3a1d1 mitochondrion, complete genome". 4 July 2018. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/MG952809.1. 
  40. ↑ Homo sapiens isolate 257_Sb haplogroup W3a1d mitochondrion, complete genome GenBank: MK617275.1.
  41. ↑ Duggan AT, Whitten M, Wiebe V, Crawford M, Butthof A, et al. (2013), "Investigating the Prehistory of Tungusic Peoples of Siberia and the Amur-Ussuri Region with Complete mtDNA Genome Sequences and Y-chromosomal Markers." PLoS ONE 8(12): e83570. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0083570
  42. ↑ Palanichamy, Malliya Gounder; Mitra, Bikash; Zhang, Cai-Ling; Debnath, Monojit; Li, Gui-Mei; Wang, Hua-Wei; Agrawal, Suraksha; Chaudhuri, Tapas Kumar et al. (June 2015). "West Eurasian mtDNA lineages in India: an insight into the spread of the Dravidian language and the origins of the caste system". Human Genetics 134 (6): 637–647. doi:10.1007/s00439-015-1547-4. PMID 25832481. 
  43. ↑ "Homo sapiens isolate 1671251 mitochondrion, complete genome". 18 September 2014. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/JX153106.1. 
  44. ↑ Homo sapiens haplogroup W3b mitochondrion, complete genome GenBank: MG910309.1.
  45. ↑ "Homo sapiens isolate Assyrian_C165_W3b mitochondrion, complete genome". 21 October 2019. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/MK217237.1. 
  46. ↑ Homo sapiens isolate Artsakh_54 haplogroup W3b mitochondrion, complete genome GenBank: MF362844.1.
  47. ↑ "Homo sapiens isolate C266_Banteay_Meanchey_W3b mitochondrion, complete genome". 30 December 2018. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/KT587614.1. 
  48. ↑ Brook, Kevin Alan (2022). The Maternal Genetic Lineages of Ashkenazic Jews. Academic Studies Press. p. 123. doi:10.2307/j.ctv33mgbcn. ISBN 978-1-64469-984-3. 
  49. ↑ "Homo sapiens isolate 75401 mitochondrion, complete genome". October 2013. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/KF162747.1. 
  50. ↑ "Homo sapiens isolate K274 haplogroup W4* mitochondrion, complete genome". 2 September 2023. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/OR438599.1. 
  51. ↑ "Homo sapiens isolate PG2012_433 mitochondrion, complete genome". 20 July 2020. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/MN687263.1. 
  52. ↑ "Homo sapiens isolate NG118 mitochondrion, complete genome". 30 June 2017. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/KX467287.1. 
  53. ↑ "Homo sapiens isolate S-917627 mitochondrion, complete genome". 27 January 2022. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/OL619847.1. 
  54. ↑ "Homo sapiens isolate ORK228 mitochondrion, complete genome". 17 January 2022. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/MZ846967.1. 
  55. ↑ "Homo sapiens isolate LM97mt mitochondrion, partial genome". 21 April 2019. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/MK059742.1. 
  56. ↑ Homo sapiens isolate S79_fi_ath haplogroup W4a1 mitochondrion, complete genome GenBank: MN516681.1.
  57. ↑ "Homo sapiens isolate KUR92 mitochondrion, complete genome". 4 April 2012. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/JQ245758.1. 
  58. ↑ "Homo sapiens isolate 147_Tor780_W4 mitochondrion, complete genome". 24 August 2013. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/KF146283.1. 
  59. ↑ "Homo sapiens isolate CHF141 mitochondrion, complete genome". 9 November 2021. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/MN595694.2. 
  60. ↑ "Homo sapiens isolate 107623 mitochondrion, complete genome". October 2013. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/KF161512.1. 
  61. ↑ "Homo sapiens isolate D479 mitochondrion, complete genome". 11 December 2018. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/MH120645.1. 
  62. ↑ "Homo sapiens isolate 27Sb mitochondrion, complete genome". 22 February 2022. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/MK134276.1. 
  63. ↑ "Homo sapiens isolate 05-113 mitochondrion, complete genome". 6 June 2023. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/OQ884865.1. 
  64. ↑ "Homo sapiens isolate 177_Tor770_W5 mitochondrion, complete genome". 24 August 2013. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/KF146285.1. 
  65. ↑ "Homo sapiens haplogroup W5 mitochondrion, complete genome". 20 November 2013. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/KC911419.1. 
  66. ↑ "Homo sapiens haplogroup W5 mitochondrion, complete genome". 23 July 2022. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/MZ387785.1. 
  67. ↑ "Homo sapiens isolate 2486313 mitochondrion, complete genome". 18 September 2014. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/JX153386.1. 
  68. ↑ "Homo sapiens isolate 168_Tor772_W5a1a mitochondrion, complete genome". 24 August 2013. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/KF146284.1. 
  69. ↑ García-Olivares, Víctor; Rubio-Rodríguez, Luis A.; Muñoz-Barrera, Adrián; Díaz-de Usera, Ana; Jáspez, David; Iñigo-Campos, Antonio; Rodríguez Pérez, María Del Cristo; Cabrera de León, Antonio et al. (20 January 2023). "Digging into the admixture strata of current-day Canary Islanders based on mitogenomes". iScience 26 (1). doi:10.1016/j.isci.2022.105907. PMID 36647378. Bibcode: 2023iSci...26j5907G. 
  70. ↑ Homo sapiens haplogroup W5a1a mitochondrion, complete genome GenBank: KX518741.1.
  71. ↑ "Homo sapiens isolate II_50_BG haplogroup W5a mitochondrion, complete genome". 2 April 2018. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/KY671123.1. 
  72. ↑ Homo sapiens isolate 188_Tor779_W6 mitochondrion, complete genome GenBank: KF146287.1.
  73. ↑ Homo sapiens haplogroup W6 mitochondrion, complete genome GenBank: KC911449.1.
  74. ↑ Homo sapiens isolate NOS10 mitochondrion, complete genome GenBank: JQ245723.1.
  75. ↑ Homo sapiens isolate 205_Tor786_W6b mitochondrion, complete genome GenBank: KF146290.1.
  76. ↑ Homo sapiens haplotype W6c1a mitochondrion, complete genome GenBank: KX363871.1.
  77. ↑ Homo sapiens haplotype W6c mitochondrion, complete genome GenBank: KF553923.1.
  78. ↑ Homo sapiens isolate 32_Mu mitochondrion, complete genome GenBank: MK491385.1
  79. ↑ Homo sapiens isolate 32_Mu mitochondrion, complete genome GenBank: JQ245759.1
  80. ↑ Raff, Rudolf A. (2012). Once We All Had Gills: Growing Up Evolutionist in an Evolving World. Indiana University Press. p. 21. ISBN 978-0-253-00235-8. 
  81. ↑ Nadine Epstein (September–October 2012). "The Moment Magazine Great DNA Experiment". Moment Magazine: 45. https://momentmag.com/the-moment-magazine-great-dna-experiment/. Retrieved 2024-03-07. 
  82. ↑ Finding Your Roots. Season 1. Episode 8. 2012-05-06. PBS.



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