Biology:MT-TN
| mitochondrially encoded tRNA asparagine | |
|---|---|
| Identifiers | |
| Symbol | MT-TN |
| Alt. symbols | MTTN |
| NCBI gene | 4570 |
| HGNC | 7493 |
| RefSeq | NC_001807 |
| Other data | |
| Locus | Chr. MT [1] |
Mitochondrially encoded tRNA asparagine also known as MT-TN is a transfer RNA which in humans is encoded by the mitochondrial MT-TN gene.[1]
Structure
The MT-TN gene is located on the p arm of the non-nuclear mitochondrial DNA at position 12 and it spans 73 base pairs.[2] The structure of a tRNA molecule is a distinctive folded structure which contains three hairpin loops and resembles a three-leafed clover.[3]
Function
MT-TN is a small 73 nucleotide RNA (human mitochondrial map position 5657-5729) that transfers the amino acid asparagine to a growing polypeptide chain at the ribosome site of protein synthesis during translation.
Clinical significance
Ophthalmoplegia
Mutations in MT-TN have been associated with isolated ophthalmoplegia. Ophthalmoplegia is a condition characterized by eye muscle weakness. Common symptoms of the disorder include hearing loss, loss of sensation in the limbs, ataxia, and neuropathy.[4] Multiple mutations of 5692A>G and 5703G>A have been found in patients with ophthalmoplegia.[5][6][7] Such mutations in MT-TN resulted in a failure in oxidative phosphorylation and protein synthesis of the mitochondria. In addition, a 5728A>G transition of MT-TN was found to result in a combined deficiency of complex I and IV, with symptoms of failure to thrive, renal failure, and mental retardation.[8]
Complex IV Deficiency
MT-TN mutations have been associated with complex IV deficiency of the mitochondrial respiratory chain, also known as the cytochrome c oxidase deficiency. Cytochrome c oxidase deficiency is a rare genetic condition that can affect multiple parts of the body, including skeletal muscles, the heart, the brain, or the liver. Common clinical manifestations include myopathy, hypotonia, and encephalomyopathy, lactic acidosis, and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.[9] 5709T>C[10][11] mutations in MT-TN have been found in patients with the deficiency.
References
- ↑ "Sequence and organization of the human mitochondrial genome". Nature 290 (5806): 457–65. April 1981. doi:10.1038/290457a0. PMID 7219534. Bibcode: 1981Natur.290..457A.
- ↑ "MT-TN mitochondrially encoded tRNA asparagine [Homo sapiens (human) - Gene - NCBI"] (in en). https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene?cmd=Retrieve&dopt=full_report&list_uids=4570.
- ↑ "tRNA / transfer RNA". Learn Science at Scitable. https://www.nature.com/scitable/definition/trna-transfer-rna-256.
- ↑ "Progressive external ophthalmoplegia" (in en). https://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/condition/progressive-external-ophthalmoplegia.
- ↑ "A disease-associated G5703A mutation in human mitochondrial DNA causes a conformational change and a marked decrease in steady-state levels of mitochondrial tRNA(Asn)". Molecular and Cellular Biology 17 (12): 6831–7. December 1997. doi:10.1128/mcb.17.12.6831. PMID 9372914.
- ↑ "Genotype-phenotype correlation in the 5703G>A mutation in the tRNA(ASN) gene of mitochondrial DNA". Journal of Inherited Metabolic Disease 26 (5): 507–8. 2003. doi:10.1023/a:1025133629685. PMID 14518831.
- ↑ "Two novel pathogenic mitochondrial DNA mutations affecting organelle number and protein synthesis. Is the tRNA(Leu(UUR)) gene an etiologic hot spot?". The Journal of Clinical Investigation 92 (6): 2906–15. December 1993. doi:10.1172/JCI116913. PMID 8254046.
- ↑ "A novel mitochondrial transfer RNA(Asn) mutation causing multiorgan failure". Archives of Neurology 63 (8): 1194–8. August 2006. doi:10.1001/archneur.63.8.1194. PMID 16908752.
- ↑ "Cytochrome c oxidase deficiency". https://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/condition/cytochrome-c-oxidase-deficiency.
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
- ↑ "The novel mitochondrial tRNAAsn gene mutation m.5709T>C produces ophthalmoparesis and respiratory impairment". European Journal of Human Genetics 20 (3): 357–60. March 2012. doi:10.1038/ejhg.2011.238. PMID 22189266.
- ↑ "A novel mutation in the mitochondrial tRNA Asn gene associated with a lethal disease". Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 329 (3): 1152–4. April 2005. doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2005.02.083. PMID 15752774.
This article incorporates text from the United States National Library of Medicine, which is in the public domain.
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