List of nonlinear partial differential equations

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See also Nonlinear partial differential equation, List of partial differential equation topics and List of nonlinear ordinary differential equations.

A–F

Name Dim Equation Applications
Bateman-Burgers equation 1+1 ut+uux=νuxx Fluid mechanics
Benjamin–Bona–Mahony 1+1 ut+ux+uux−uxxt=0 Fluid mechanics
Benjamin–Ono 1+1 ut+Huxx+uux=0 internal waves in deep water
Boomeron 1+1 ut=𝐛⋅𝐯x,𝐯xt=uxx𝐛+𝐚×𝐯x−2𝐯×(𝐯×𝐛) Solitons
Boltzmann equation 1+6 ∂fi∂t+𝐩imi⋅∇fi+𝐅⋅∂fi∂𝐩i=(∂fi∂t)coll,

(∂fi∂t)coll=∑j=1n∬gijIij(gij,Ω)[f'if'j−fifj]dΩd3𝐩′

Statistical mechanics
Born–Infeld 1+1 (1−ut2)uxx+2uxutuxt−(1+ux2)utt=0 Electrodynamics
Boussinesq 1+1 utt−uxx−uxxxx−3(u2)xx=0 Fluid mechanics
Boussinesq type equation 1+1 utt−uxx−2α(uux)x−βuxxtt=0 Fluid mechanics
Buckmaster 1+1 ut=(u4)xx+(u3)x Thin viscous fluid sheet flow
Cahn–Hilliard equation Any ct=D∇2(c3−c−γ∇2c) Phase separation
Calabi flow Any ∂gij∂t=(ΔR)gij Calabi–Yau manifolds
Camassa–Holm 1+1 ut+2κux−uxxt+3uux=2uxuxx+uuxxx Peakons
Carleman 1+1 ut+ux=v2−u2=vx−vt
Cauchy momentum any ρ(∂𝐯∂t+𝐯⋅∇𝐯)=∇⋅σ+ρ𝐟 Momentum transport
Chafee–Infante equation ut−uxx+λ(u3−u)=0
Clairaut equation any x⋅Du+f(Du)=u Differential geometry
Clarke's equation 1+1 (θt−γδeθ)tt=∇2(θt−δeθ) Combustion
Complex Monge–Ampère Any det⁡(∂ij¯φ)= lower order terms Calabi conjecture
Constant astigmatism 1+1 zyy+(1z)xx+2=0 Differential geometry
Davey–Stewartson 1+2 iut+c0uxx+uyy=c1|u|2u+c2uφx,φxx+c3φyy=(|u|2)x Finite depth waves
Degasperis–Procesi 1+1 ut−uxxt+4uux=3uxuxx+uuxxx Peakons
Dispersive long wave 1+1 ut=(u2−ux+2w)x, wt=(2uw+wx)x
Drinfeld–Sokolov–Wilson 1+1 ut=3wwx,wt=2wxxx+2uwx+uxw
Dym equation 1+1 ut=u3uxxx. Solitons
Eckhaus equation 1+1 iut+uxx+2|u|x2u+|u|4u=0 Integrable systems
Eikonal equation any |∇u(x)|=F(x), x∈Ω optics
Einstein field equations Any Rμν−12Rgμν+Λgμν=8πGc4Tμν General relativity
Erdogan–Chatwin equation 1+1 φt=(φx+aφx3)x Fluid dynamics
Ernst equation 2 ℜ(u)(urr+ur/r+uzz)=(ur)2+(uz)2
Estevez–Mansfield–Clarkson equation Utyyy+βUyUyt+βUyyUt+Utt=0 in which U=u(x,y,t)
Euler equations 1+3 ∂ρ∂t+∇⋅(ρ𝐮)=0,ρ(∂𝐮∂t+𝐯⋅∇𝐯)=−∇p+ρ𝐟,∂s∂t+𝐯⋅∇s=0 non-viscous fluids
Fisher's equation 1+1 ut=u(1−u)+uxx Gene propagation
FitzHugh–Nagumo model 1+1 ut=uxx+u(u−a)(1−u)+w,wt=εu Biological neuron model
Föppl–von Kármán equations Eh312(1−ν2)∇4w−h∂∂xβ(σαβ∂w∂xα)=P,∂σαβ∂xβ=0 Solid Mechanics
Fujita–Storm equation ut=a(u−2ux)x

G–K

Name Dim Equation Applications
G equation 1+3 Gt+𝐯⋅∇G=SL(G)|∇G| turbulent combustion
Generic scalar transport 1+3 φt+∇⋅f(t,x,φ,∇φ)=g(t,x,φ) transport
Ginzburg–Landau 1+3 αψ+β|ψ|2ψ+12m(−iℏ∇−2e𝐀)2ψ=0 Superconductivity
Gross–Pitaevskii 1 + n i∂tψ=(−12∇2+V(x)+g|ψ|2)ψ Bose–Einstein condensate
Gyrokinetics equation 1 + 5 ∂hs∂t+(v||b^+V→ds+⟨V→ϕ⟩φ)⋅∇→R→hs−∑s′⟨C[hs,hs′]⟩φ=Zsefs0Ts∂⟨ϕ⟩φ∂t−∂fs0∂ψ⟨V→ϕ⟩φ⋅∇→ψ Microturbulence in plasma
Guzmán 1 + n Jt+gJx+1/2σ2Jxx−λσ2(Jx)2+f=0 Hamilton–Jacobi–Bellman equation for risk aversion
Hartree equation Any i∂tu+Δu=(±|x|−n|u|2)u
Hasegawa–Mima 1+3 0=∂∂t(∇2φ−φ)−[(∇φ×𝐳^)⋅∇][∇2φ−ln⁡(n0ωci)] Turbulence in plasma
Heisenberg ferromagnet 1+1 𝐒t=𝐒∧𝐒xx. Magnetism
Hicks 1+1 ψrr−ψr/r+ψzz=r2dH/dψ−ΓdΓ/dψ Fluid dynamics
Hunter–Saxton 1+1 (ut+uux)x=12ux2 Liquid crystals
Ishimori equation 1+2 𝐒t=𝐒∧(𝐒xx+𝐒yy)+ux𝐒y+uy𝐒x,uxx−α2uyy=−2α2𝐒⋅(𝐒x∧𝐒y) Integrable systems
Kadomtsev –Petviashvili 1+2 ∂x(∂tu+u∂xu+ε2∂xxxu)+λ∂yyu=0 Shallow water waves
Kardar–Parisi–Zhang equation 1+3 ht=ν∇2h+λ(∇h)2/2+η Stochastics
von Karman 2 ∇4u=E(wxy2−wxxwyy),∇4w=a+b(uyywxx+uxxwyy−2uxywxy)
Kaup 1+1 fx=2fgc(x−t)=gt
Kaup–Kupershmidt 1+1 ut=uxxxxx+10uxxxu+25uxxux+20u2ux Integrable systems
Klein–Gordon–Maxwell any ∇2s=(|𝐚|2+1)s,∇2𝐚=∇(∇⋅𝐚)+s2𝐚
Klein–Gordon (nonlinear) any ∇2u+λup=0 Relativistic quantum mechanics
Khokhlov–Zabolotskaya 1+2 uxt−(uux)x=uyy
Kompaneyets 1+1 nt=x−2[x4(nx+n2+n)]x Physical kinetics
Korteweg–de Vries (KdV) 1+1 ut+uxxx−6uux=0 Shallow waves, Integrable systems
KdV (super) 1+1 ut=6uux−uxxx+3wwxx,wt=3uxw+6uwx−4wxxx
There are many different variations listed in the article on KdV equations.
Kuramoto–Sivashinsky equation 1 + n ut+∇4u+∇2u+12|∇u|2=0 Combustion

L–Q

Name Dim Equation Applications
Landau–Lifshitz model 1+n ∂𝐒∂t=𝐒∧∑i∂2𝐒∂xi2+𝐒∧J𝐒 Magnetic field in solids
Lin–Tsien equation 1+2 2utx+uxuxx−uyy=0
Liouville equation any ∇2u+eλu=0
Liouville–Bratu–Gelfand equation any ∇2ψ+λeψ=0 combustion, astrophysics
Logarithmic Schrödinger equation any i∂ψ∂t+Δψ+ψln⁡|ψ|2=0. Superfluids, Quantum gravity
Minimal surface 3 div⁡(Du/1+|Du|2)=0 minimal surfaces
Monge–Ampère any det⁡(∂ijφ)= lower order terms
Navier–Stokes
(and its derivation)
1+3 ρ(∂vi∂t+vj∂vi∂xj)=−∂p∂xi+∂∂xj[μ(∂vi∂xj+∂vj∂xi)+λ∂vk∂xk]+ρfi

+ mass conservation: ∂ρ∂t+∂(ρvi)∂xi=0
+ an equation of state to relate p and ρ, e.g. for an incompressible flow: ∂vi∂xi=0

Fluid flow, gas flow
Nonlinear Schrödinger (cubic) 1+1 i∂tψ=−12∂x2ψ+κ|ψ|2ψ optics, water waves
Nonlinear Schrödinger (derivative) 1+1 i∂tψ=−12∂x2ψ+∂x(iκ|ψ|2ψ) optics, water waves
Omega equation 1+3 ∇2ω+f2σ∂2ω∂p2 =fσ∂∂p𝐕g⋅∇p(ζg+f)+Rσp∇p2(𝐕g⋅∇pT) atmospheric physics
Plateau 2 (1+uy2)uxx−2uxuyuxy+(1+ux2)uyy=0 minimal surfaces
Pohlmeyer–Lund–Regge 2 uxx−uyy±sin⁡ucos⁡u+cos⁡usin3u(vx2−vy2)=0,(vxcot2u)x=(vycot2u)y
Porous medium 1+n ut=Δ(uγ) diffusion
Prandtl 1+2 ut+uux+vuy=Ut+UUx+μρuyy, ux+vy=0 boundary layer

R–Z, α–ω

Name Dim Equation Applications
Rayleigh 1+1 utt−uxx=ε(ut−ut3)
Ricci flow Any ∂tgij=−2Rij Poincaré conjecture
Richards equation 1+3 θt=[K(θ)(ψz+1)]z Variably saturated flow in porous media
Rosenau–Hyman 1+1 ut+a(un)x+(un)xxx=0 compacton solutions
Sawada–Kotera 1+1 ut+45u2ux+15uxuxx+15uuxxx+uxxxxx=0
Sack–Schamel equation 1+1 V¨+∂η[11−V¨∂η(1−V¨V)]=0 plasmas
Schamel equation 1+1 ϕt+(1+bϕ)ϕx+ϕxxx=0 plasmas, solitons, optics
Schlesinger Any ∂Ai∂tj[Ai, Aj]ti−tj,i≠j,∂Ai∂ti=−∑j=1j≠in[Ai, Aj]ti−tj,1≤i,j≤n isomonodromic deformations
Seiberg–Witten 1+3 DAφ=0,FA+=σ(φ) Seiberg–Witten invariants, QFT
Shallow water 1+2 ηt+(ηu)x+(ηv)y=0, (ηu)t+(ηu2+12gη2)x+(ηuv)y=0, (ηv)t+(ηuv)x+(ηv2+12gη2)y=0 shallow water waves
Sine–Gordon 1+1 φtt−φxx+sin⁡φ=0 Solitons, QFT
Sinh–Gordon 1+1 uxt=sinh⁡u Solitons, QFT
Sinh–Poisson 1+n ∇2u+sinh⁡u=0 Fluid Mechanics
Swift–Hohenberg any ut=ru−(1+∇2)2u+N(u) pattern forming
Thomas 2 uxy+αux+βuy+γuxuy=0
Thirring 1+1 iux+v+u|v|2=0, ivt+u+v|u|2=0 Dirac field, QFT
Toda lattice any ∇2log⁡un=un+1−2un+un−1
Veselov–Novikov 1+2 (∂t+∂z3+∂z¯3)v+∂z(uv)+∂z¯(uw)=0, ∂z¯u=3∂zv, ∂zw=3∂z¯v shallow water waves
Vorticity equation ∂ω∂t+(𝐮⋅∇)ω=(ω⋅∇)𝐮−ω(∇⋅𝐮)+1ρ2∇ρ×∇p+∇×(∇⋅τρ)+∇×(𝐟ρ), ω=∇×𝐮 Fluid Mechanics
Wadati–Konno–Ichikawa–Schimizu 1+1 iut+((1+|u|2)−1/2u)xx=0
WDVV equations Any ∑σ,τ=1n(∂3F∂tαtβtσηστ∂3F∂tμtνtτ) =∑σ,τ=1n(∂3F∂tαtνtσηστ∂3F∂tμtβtτ) Topological field theory, QFT
WZW model 1+1 Sk(γ)=−k8π∫S2d2x𝒦(γ−1∂μγ,γ−1∂μγ)+2πkSWZ(γ)

SWZ(γ)=−148π2∫B3d3yεijk𝒦(γ−1∂γ∂yi,[γ−1∂γ∂yj,γ−1∂γ∂yk])

QFT
Whitham equation 1+1 ηt+αηηx+∫−∞+∞K(x−ξ)ηξ(ξ,t)dξ=0 water waves
Williams spray equation ∂fj∂t+∇x⋅(𝐯fj)+∇v⋅(Fjfj)=−∂∂r(Rjfj)−∂∂T(Ejfj)+Qj+Γj, Fj=𝐯˙, Rj=r˙, Ej=T˙, j=1,2,...,M Combustion
Yamabe n Δφ+h(x)φ=λf(x)φ(n+2)/(n−2) Differential geometry
Yang–Mills (source-free) Any DμFμν=0,Fμν=Aμ,ν−Aν,μ+[Aμ,Aν] Gauge theory, QFT
Yang–Mills (self-dual/anti-self-dual) 4 Fαβ=±εαβμνFμν,Fμν=Aμ,ν−Aν,μ+[Aμ,Aν] Instantons, Donaldson theory, QFT
Yukawa 1+n i∂tu+Δu=−Au,◻A=m2A+|u|2 Meson-nucleon interactions, QFT
Zakharov system 1+3 i∂tu+Δu=un,◻n=−Δ(|u|2) Langmuir waves
Zakharov–Schulman 1+3 iut+L1u=φu,L2φ=L3(|u|2) Acoustic waves
Zeldovich–Frank-Kamenetskii equation 1+3 ut=D∇2u+β22u(1−u)e−β(1−u) Combustion
Zoomeron 1+1 (uxt/u)tt−(uxt/u)xx+2(u2)xt=0 Solitons
φ4 equation 1+1 φtt−φxx−φ+φ3=0 QFT
σ-model 1+1 𝐯xt+(𝐯x𝐯t)𝐯=0 Harmonic maps, integrable systems, QFT

References