Model-theoretic grammar
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Model-theoretic grammars, also known as constraint-based grammars, contrast with generative grammars in the way they define sets of sentences: they state constraints on syntactic structure rather than providing operations for generating syntactic objects.Cite error: Closing </ref> missing for <ref> tag
Examples of model-theoretic grammars
The following is a sample of grammars falling under the model-theoretic umbrella:
- the non-procedural variant of Transformational grammar (TG) of George Lakoff, that formulates constraints on potential tree sequences[1]
- Johnson and Postal's formalization of Relational grammar (RG) (1980), Generalized phrase structure grammar (GPSG) in the variants developed by Gazdar et al. (1988), Blackburn et al. (1993) and Rogers (1997)[1]
- Lexical functional grammar (LFG) in the formalization of Ronald Kaplan (1995)[1]
- Head-driven phrase structure grammar (HPSG) in the formalization of King (1999)[1]
- Constraint Handling Rules (CHR) grammars[2]
- The implicit model underlying The Cambridge Grammar of the English Language[3]
Strengths
One benefit of model-theoretic grammars over generative grammars is that they allow for gradience in grammaticality. A structure may deviate only slightly from a theory or it may be highly deviant. Generative grammars, in contrast "entail a sharp boundary between the perfect and the nonexistent, and do not even permit gradience in ungrammaticality to be represented."[4]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Müller, Stefan (2016). Grammatical theory: From transformational grammar to constraint-based approaches. Berlin: Language Science Press. pp. 490–491. http://www.oapen.org/download?type=document&docid=611693.
- ↑ Christiansen, Henning. "CHR Grammars with multiple constraint stores." First Workshop on Constraint Handling Rules: Selected Contributions. Universität Ulm, Fakultät für Informatik, 2004.
- ↑ Pullum, Geoffrey K.; Rogers, James (2008). "Expressive power of the syntactic theory implicit in the Cambridge Grammar of the English Language". Annual Meeting of the Linguistics Association of Great Britain: 1–16. http://www.lel.ed.ac.uk/~gpullum/EssexLAGB.pdf.
- ↑ Pullum, Geoffrey K. (2013). "The Central Question in Comparative Syntactic Metatheory" (in en). Mind & Language 28 (4): 492–521. doi:10.1111/mila.12029.
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