Physics:Isotopes of gold
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Short description: Nuclides with atomic number of 79 but with different mass numbers
Gold (79Au) has one stable isotope, 197Au, and 37 radioisotopes, with 195Au being the most stable with a half-life of 186 days. Gold is currently considered the heaviest monoisotopic element. Bismuth formerly held that distinction until alpha-decay of the 209Bi isotope was observed. All isotopes of gold are either radioactive or, in the case of 197Au, observationally stable, meaning that 197Au is predicted to be radioactive but no actual decay has been observed.[1]
List of isotopes
| Nuclide [n 1] |
Z | N | Isotopic mass (u) [n 2][n 3] |
Half-life [n 4] |
Decay mode [n 5] |
Daughter isotope [n 6][n 7] |
Spin and parity [n 8][n 4] |
Physics:Natural abundance (mole fraction) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Excitation energy[n 4] | Normal proportion | Range of variation | |||||||
| 169Au[2] | 79 | 90 | 168.99808(32)# | 1.16+0.50 −0.47 μs |
p (~94%) | 168Pt | (11/2−) | ||
| α (~6%) | 165mIr | ||||||||
| 170Au[3] | 79 | 91 | 169.99602(22)# | 286+50 −40 μs |
p (89%) | 169Pt | (2−) | ||
| α (11%) | 166Ir | ||||||||
| 170mAu[3] | 282(10) keV | 617+50 −40 μs |
p (58%) | 169Pt | (9+) | ||||
| α (42%) | 166mIr | ||||||||
| 171Au | 79 | 92 | 170.991882(22) | 22+3 −2 μs[3] |
p (100%) | 170Pt | (1/2+) | ||
| α (rare) | 167Ir | ||||||||
| 171mAu | 258(13) keV | 1.014(19) ms | α (66%) | 167mIr | 11/2− | ||||
| p (34%) | 170Pt | ||||||||
| 172Au | 79 | 93 | 171.99000(6) | 4.7(11) ms | α (98%) | 168Ir | high | ||
| p (2%) | 171Pt | ||||||||
| 173Au | 79 | 94 | 172.986224(24) | 25(1) ms | α | 169Ir | (1/2+) | ||
| β+ (rare) | 173Pt | ||||||||
| 173mAu | 214(23) keV | 14.0(9) ms | α (96%) | 169Ir | (11/2−) | ||||
| β+ (4%) | 173Pt | ||||||||
| 174Au | 79 | 95 | 173.98491(11)# | 139(3) ms | α | 170Ir | low | ||
| β+ (rare) | 174Pt | ||||||||
| 174mAu | 360(70)# keV | 171(29) ms | high | ||||||
| 175Au | 79 | 96 | 174.98132(4) | 100# ms | α (82%) | 171Ir | 1/2+# | ||
| β+ (18%) | 175Pt | ||||||||
| 175mAu | 200(30)# keV | 156(3) ms | α | 171Ir | 11/2−# | ||||
| β+ | 175Pt | ||||||||
| 176Au | 79 | 97 | 175.98012(4) | 1.08(17) s [0.84(+17−14) s] |
α (60%) | 172Ir | (5−) | ||
| β+ (40%) | 176Pt | ||||||||
| 176mAu | 150(100)# keV | 860(160) ms | (7+) | ||||||
| 177Au | 79 | 98 | 176.976870(11) | 1.462(32) s | β+ (60%) | 177Pt | (1/2+, 3/2+) | ||
| α (40%) | 173Ir | ||||||||
| 177mAu | 216(26) keV | 1.180(12) s | 11/2− | ||||||
| 178Au | 79 | 99 | 177.976057(11) | 2.6(5) s | β+ (60%) | 178Pt | |||
| α (40%) | 174Ir | ||||||||
| 179Au | 79 | 100 | 178.973174(13) | 7.1(3) s | β+ (78%) | 179Pt | 5/2−# | ||
| α (22%) | 175Ir | ||||||||
| 179mAu | 99(16) keV | (11/2−) | |||||||
| 180Au | 79 | 101 | 179.972490(5) | 8.1(3) s | β+ (98.2%) | 180Pt | |||
| α (1.8%) | 176Ir | ||||||||
| 181Au | 79 | 102 | 180.970079(21) | 13.7(14) s | β+ (97.3%) | 181Pt | (3/2−) | ||
| α (2.7%) | 177Ir | ||||||||
| 182Au | 79 | 103 | 181.969614(20) | 15.5(4) s | β+ (99.87%) | 182Pt | (2+) | ||
| α (.13%) | 178Ir | ||||||||
| 183Au | 79 | 104 | 182.967588(10) | 42.8(10) s | β+ (99.2%) | 183Pt | (5/2)− | ||
| α (.8%) | 179Ir | ||||||||
| 183m1Au | 73.3(4) keV | >1 μs | (1/2)+ | ||||||
| 183m2Au | 230.6(6) keV | <1 μs | (11/2)− | ||||||
| 184Au | 79 | 105 | 183.967452(24) | 20.6(9) s | β+ | 184Pt | 5+ | ||
| 184mAu | 68.46(1) keV | 47.6(14) s | β+ (70%) | 184Pt | 2+ | ||||
| IT (30%) | 184Au | ||||||||
| α (.013%) | 180Ir | ||||||||
| 185Au | 79 | 106 | 184.9657989(28) | 4.25(6) min | β+ (99.74%) | 185Pt | 5/2− | ||
| α (.26%) | 181Ir | ||||||||
| 185mAu | 100(100)# keV | 6.8(3) min | 1/2+# | ||||||
| 186Au | 79 | 107 | 185.965953(23) | 10.7(5) min | β+ (99.9992%) | 186Pt | 3− | ||
| α (8×10−4%) | 182Ir | ||||||||
| 186mAu | 227.77(7) keV | 110(10) ns | 2+ | ||||||
| 187Au | 79 | 108 | 186.964542(24) | 8.4(3) min | β+ (99.997%) | 187Pt | 1/2+ | ||
| α (.003%) | 183Ir | ||||||||
| 187mAu | 120.51(16) keV | 2.3(1) s | IT | 187Au | 9/2− | ||||
| 188Au | 79 | 109 | 187.9652480(29) | 8.84(6) min | β+ | 188Pt | 1(−) | ||
| 189Au | 79 | 110 | 188.963948(22) | 28.7(3) min | β+ (99.9997%) | 189Pt | 1/2+ | ||
| α (3×10−4%) | 185Ir | ||||||||
| 189m1Au | 247.23(16) keV | 4.59(11) min | β+ | 189Pt | 11/2− | ||||
| IT (rare) | 189Au | ||||||||
| 189m2Au | 325.11(16) keV | 190(15) ns | 9/2− | ||||||
| 189m3Au | 2554.7(12) keV | 242(10) ns | 31/2+ | ||||||
| 190Au | 79 | 111 | 189.964752(4) | 42.8(10) min | β+ | 190Pt | 1− | ||
| α (<10−6%) | 186Ir | ||||||||
| 190mAu | 200(150)# keV | 125(20) ms | IT | 190Au | 11−# | ||||
| β+ (rare) | 190Pt | ||||||||
| 191Au | 79 | 112 | 190.963716(5) | 3.18(8) h | β+ | 191Pt | 3/2+ | ||
| 191m1Au | 266.2(5) keV | 920(110) ms | IT | 191Au | (11/2−) | ||||
| 191m2Au | 2490(1) keV | >400 ns | |||||||
| 192Au | 79 | 113 | 191.964818(17) | 4.94(9) h | β+ | 192Pt | 1− | ||
| 192m1Au | 135.41(25) keV | 29 ms | IT | 192Au | (5#)+ | ||||
| 192m2Au | 431.6(5) keV | 160(20) ms | (11−) | ||||||
| 193Au | 79 | 114 | 192.964138(9) | 17.65(15) h | β+[n 9] | 193Pt | 3/2+ | ||
| 193m1Au | 290.19(3) keV | 3.9(3) s | IT (99.97%) | 193Au | 11/2− | ||||
| β+ (.03%) | 193Pt | ||||||||
| 193m2Au | 2486.5(6) keV | 150(50) ns | (31/2+) | ||||||
| 194Au | 79 | 115 | 193.9654191(23) | 38.02(10) h | β+ | 194Pt | 1− | ||
| 194m1Au | 107.4(5) keV | 600(8) ms | IT | 194Au | (5+) | ||||
| 194m2Au | 475.8(6) keV | 420(10) ms | (11−) | ||||||
| 195Au | 79 | 116 | 194.9650378(12) | 186.098(47) d | EC | 195Pt | 3/2+ | ||
| 195mAu | 318.58(4) keV | 30.5(2) s | IT | 195Au | 11/2− | ||||
| 196Au | 79 | 117 | 195.966571(3) | 6.1669(6) d | β+ (93.05%) | 196Pt | 2− | ||
| β− (6.95%) | 196Hg | ||||||||
| 196m1Au | 84.660(20) keV | 8.1(2) s | IT | 196Au | 5+ | ||||
| 196m2Au | 595.66(4) keV | 9.6(1) h | 12− | ||||||
| 197Au[n 10] | 79 | 118 | 196.9665701(6) | Observationally Stable[n 11] | 3/2+ | 1.0000 | |||
| 197mAu | 409.15(8) keV | 7.73(6) s | IT | 197Au | 11/2− | ||||
| 198Au | 79 | 119 | 197.9682437(6) | 2.69517(21) d | β− | 198Hg | 2− | ||
| 198m1Au | 312.2200(20) keV | 124(4) ns | 5+ | ||||||
| 198m2Au | 811.7(15) keV | 2.27(2) d | IT | 198Au | (12−) | ||||
| 199Au | 79 | 120 | 198.9687666(6) | 3.139(7) d | β− | 199Hg | 3/2+ | ||
| 199mAu | 548.9368(21) keV | 440(30) μs | (11/2)− | ||||||
| 200Au | 79 | 121 | 199.970757(29) | 48.4(3) min | β− | 200Hg | 1(−) | ||
| 200mAu | 970(70) keV | 18.7(5) h | β− (82%) | 200Hg | 12− | ||||
| IT (18%) | 200Au | ||||||||
| 201Au | 79 | 122 | 200.971658(3) | 26(1) min | β− | 201Hg | 3/2+ | ||
| 201m1Au | 594(5) keV | 730(630) μs | (11/2-) | ||||||
| 201m2Au | 1610(5) keV | 5.6(2.4) μs | (11/2-) | ||||||
| 202Au | 79 | 123 | 201.973856(25) | 28.8(19) s | β− | 202Hg | (1−) | ||
| 203Au | 79 | 124 | 202.975154(3) | 60(6) s | β− | 203Hg | 3/2+ | ||
| 203mAu | 641(3) keV | 140(44) μs | IT | 203Au | 11/2−# | ||||
| 204Au | 79 | 125 | 203.97811(22)# | 38.3(1.3) s | β− | 204Hg | (2−) | ||
| 204mAu | 3816(1000)# keV | 2.1(0.3) μs | IT | 204Au | 16+# | ||||
| 205Au | 79 | 126 | 204.98006(22)# | 32.5(1.4) s | β− | 205Hg | 3/2+# | ||
| 205m1Au | 907(5) keV | 6(2) s | 11/2−# | ||||||
| 205m2Au | 2850(5) keV | 163(5) ns | 19/2+# | ||||||
| 206Au | 79 | 127 | 205.98477(32)# | 47(11) s | β− | 206Hg | (5+, 6+) | ||
| 207Au | 79 | 128 | 206.98858(32)# | 3# s | 3/2+# | ||||
| 208Au | 79 | 129 | 207.99366(32)# | 20# s | 6+# | ||||
| 209Au | 79 | 130 | 208.99761(43)# | 1# s | 3/2+# | ||||
| 210Au | 79 | 131 | 210.00288(43)# | 10# s | 6+# | ||||
- ↑ mAu – Excited nuclear isomer.
- ↑ ( ) – Uncertainty (1σ) is given in concise form in parentheses after the corresponding last digits.
- ↑ # – Atomic mass marked #: value and uncertainty derived not from purely experimental data, but at least partly from trends from the Mass Surface (TMS).
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 # – Values marked # are not purely derived from experimental data, but at least partly from trends of neighboring nuclides (TNN).
- ↑
Modes of decay:
EC: Electron capture IT: Isomeric transition
p: Proton emission - ↑ Bold italics symbol as daughter – Daughter product is nearly stable.
- ↑ Bold symbol as daughter – Daughter product is stable.
- ↑ ( ) spin value – Indicates spin with weak assignment arguments.
- ↑ Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs named{{{1}}} - ↑ Potential material for salted bombs
- ↑ Theoretically predicted to undergo α decay to 193Ir
References
- ↑ Belli, P.; Bernabei, R.; Danevich, F. A. et al. (2019). "Experimental searches for rare alpha and beta decays". European Physical Journal A 55 (8): 140–1–140–7. doi:10.1140/epja/i2019-12823-2. ISSN 1434-601X. Bibcode: 2019EPJA...55..140B.
- ↑ Hilton, Joshua Ben. "Decays of new nuclides 169Au, 170Hg, 165Pt and the ground state of 165Ir discovered using MARA". University of Liverpool. https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/237018732.pdf.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Kettunen, H.; Enqvist, T.; Grahn, T.; Greenlees, P. T.; Jones, P.; Julin, R.; Juutinen, S.; Keenan, A. et al. (28 May 2004). "Decay studies of Au 170 , 171 , Hg 171 – 173 , and Tl 176" (in en). Physical Review C 69 (5): 054323. doi:10.1103/PhysRevC.69.054323. ISSN 0556-2813. https://journals.aps.org/prc/pdf/10.1103/PhysRevC.69.054323. Retrieved 11 June 2023.
- Isotopic compositions and standard atomic masses from:
- Wieser, Michael E. (2006). "Atomic weights of the elements 2005 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry 78 (11): 2051–2066. doi:10.1351/pac200678112051.
- Half-life, spin, and isomer data selected from the following sources.
- Audi, Georges; Bersillon, Olivier; Blachot, Jean; Wapstra, Aaldert Hendrik (2003), "The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties", Nuclear Physics A 729: 3–128, doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001, Bibcode: 2003NuPhA.729....3A, https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/in2p3-00020241/document
- National Nuclear Data Center. "NuDat 2.x database". Brookhaven National Laboratory. http://www.nndc.bnl.gov/nudat2/.
- Lide, David R., ed (2004). "11. Table of the Isotopes". CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (85th ed.). Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press. ISBN 978-0-8493-0485-9.
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