Physics:Isotopes of mendelevium
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Short description: Nuclides with atomic number of 101 but with different mass numbers
Mendelevium (101Md) is a synthetic element, and thus a standard atomic weight cannot be given. Like all artificial elements, it has no stable isotopes. The first isotope to be synthesized was 256Md (which was also the first isotope of any element produced one atom at a time) in 1955. There are 17 known radioisotopes, ranging in atomic mass from 244Md to 260Md, and 5 isomers. The longest-lived isotope is 258Md with a half-life of 51.3 days, and the longest-lived isomer is 258mMd with a half-life of 57 minutes.
List of isotopes
| Nuclide [n 1] |
Z | N | Isotopic mass (u) [n 2][n 3] |
Half-life |
Decay mode [n 4] |
Daughter isotope |
Spin and parity [n 5][n 6] |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Excitation energy[n 6] | |||||||
| 244Md[1] | 101 | 143 | 0.30+0.19 −0.09 s |
α | 240Es | ||
| 245Md[1] | 101 | 144 | 245.08081(33)# | 0.33+0.15 −0.08 s |
α | 241Es | 7/2−# |
| β+ (rare) | 245Fm | ||||||
| 245mMd | 200(100)# keV | 0.90(25) ms | SF | (various) | 1/2−# | ||
| 246Md[2] | 101 | 145 | 246.08171(28)# | 0.9(2) s | α | 242Es | |
| β+? | 246Fm | ||||||
| 246mMd | 4.4(8) s | β+ (>67%) | 246Fm | ||||
| α (<23%) | 242Es | ||||||
| β+, SF (>10%) | (various) | ||||||
| 247Md[3] | 101 | 146 | 247.08152(22)# | 1.20(12) s | α (99.14%) | 243Es | (7/2−) |
| SF (0.86%) | (various) | ||||||
| β+? | 247Fm | ||||||
| 247mMd | 153 keV | 0.23(3) s | α (80%) | 243Es | (1/2−) | ||
| SF (20%) | (various) | ||||||
| 248Md | 101 | 147 | 248.08282(26)# | 7(3) s | β+ (80%) | 248Fm | |
| α (20%) | 244Es | ||||||
| β+, SF (.05%) | (various) | ||||||
| 249Md[4] | 101 | 148 | 249.08291(22)# | 26(1) s | α (75%) | 245Es | (7/2−) |
| β+ (25%) | 249Fm | ||||||
| 249mMd[5] | 100(100)# keV | 1.5+1.2 −0.5 s |
α | 245Es | (1/2−) | ||
| 250Md[6] | 101 | 149 | 250.08442(32)# | 54(4) s | β+ (93.0%) | 250Fm | |
| α (7.0%) | 246Es | ||||||
| β+, SF (0.026%) | (various) | ||||||
| 251Md[7] | 101 | 150 | 251.084774(20) | 4.27(26) min | β+ (90%) | 251Fm | (7/2−) |
| α (10%) | 247Es | ||||||
| 252Md | 101 | 151 | 252.08643(14)# | 2.3(8) min | β+ | 252Fm | |
| α (rare)[8] | 248Es | ||||||
| 253Md | 101 | 152 | 253.08714(3)# | 12(8) min [6.4+11.6 −3.6 min] |
β+ (~99%)[9] | 253Fm | (7/2−) |
| α (~1%) | 249Es | ||||||
| 254Md | 101 | 153 | 254.08959(11)# | 10(3) min | β+ | 254Fm | (0−) |
| α (rare) | 250Es | ||||||
| 254mMd | 50(100)# keV | 28(8) min | β+ | 254Fm | (3−) | ||
| α (rare) | 250Es | ||||||
| 255Md | 101 | 154 | 255.091084(7) | 27(2) min | β+ (92%) | 255Fm | (7/2−) |
| α (8%) | 251Es | ||||||
| SF (.15%) | (various) | ||||||
| 256Md | 101 | 155 | 256.09389(13)# | 77(2) min | β+ (89%) | 256Fm | (1−) |
| α (11%) | 252Es | ||||||
| 257Md | 101 | 156 | 257.0955424(29) | 5.52(5) h | EC (84.8%) | 257Fm | (7/2−) |
| α (15.2%) | 253Es | ||||||
| SF (rare) | (various) | ||||||
| 258Md[10] | 101 | 157 | 258.098431(5) | 51.59(29) d | α | 254Es | (8−)# |
| β− (<0.0015%) | 258No | ||||||
| β+ (<0.0015%) | 258Fm | ||||||
| 258mMd | 0(200)# keV | 57.0(9) min | EC | 258Fm | 1−# | ||
| SF (<15%) | (various) | ||||||
| α (<1.2%) | 254Es | ||||||
| β− (rare) | 258No | ||||||
| 259Md[n 7][11] | 101 | 158 | 259.10051(22)# | 1.60(6) h | SF | (various) | 7/2−# |
| α (rare) | 255Es | ||||||
| 260Md[12] | 101 | 159 | 260.10365(34)# | 27.8(8) d | SF | (various) | |
| α (<5%) | 256Es | ||||||
| EC (<5%) | 260Fm | ||||||
| β− (<3.5%) | 260No | ||||||
- ↑ mMd – Excited nuclear isomer.
- ↑ ( ) – Uncertainty (1σ) is given in concise form in parentheses after the corresponding last digits.
- ↑ # – Atomic mass marked #: value and uncertainty derived not from purely experimental data, but at least partly from trends from the Mass Surface (TMS).
- ↑
Modes of decay:
EC: Electron capture SF: Spontaneous fission - ↑ ( ) spin value – Indicates spin with weak assignment arguments.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 # – Values marked # are not purely derived from experimental data, but at least partly from trends of neighboring nuclides (TNN).
- ↑ Not directly synthesized, occurs as decay product of 259No
Chronology of isotope discovery
| Isotope | Discovered | Reaction |
|---|---|---|
| 244Md | 2020 | 209Bi(40Ar,5n) |
| 245Md | 1996 | 209Bi(40Ar,4n) |
| 246Md | 1996 | 209Bi(40Ar,3n) |
| 247Md | 1981 | 209Bi(40Ar,2n) |
| 248Md | 1973 | 241Am(12C,5n) |
| 249Md | 1973 | 241Am(12C,4n) |
| 250Md | 1973 | 243Am(12C,5n), 243Am(13C,6n) |
| 251Md | 1973 | 243Am(12C,4n), 243Am(13C,5n) |
| 252Md | 1973 | 243Am(13C,4n) |
| 253Md | 1992 | 243Am(13C,3n) |
| 254Md | 1970 | 253Es(α,3n) |
| 255Md | 1958 | 253Es(α,2n) |
| 256Md | 1955 | 253Es(α,n) |
| 257Md | 1964 | 252Cf(11B,α2n) |
| 258Md | 1970 | 255Es(α,n) |
| 259Md | 1982 | 248Cm(18O,α3n)[13] |
| 260Md | 1989 | 254Es+18O, 22Ne — transfer |
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Khuyagbaatar, J.; Albers, H. M.; Block, M.; Brand, H.; Cantemir, R. A.; Di Nitto, A.; Düllmann, Ch. E.; Götz, M. et al. (1 October 2020). "Search for Electron-Capture Delayed Fission in the New Isotope 244Md". Physical Review Letters 125 (14): 142504. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.125.142504. PMID 33064498. Bibcode: 2020PhRvL.125n2504K. http://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:jyu-202010066084.
- ↑ Antalic, S.; Heßberger, F. P.; Hofmann, S.; Ackermann, D.; Heinz, S.; Kindler, B.; Kojouharov, I.; Kuusiniemi, P. et al. (20 November 2009). "Studies of neutron-deficient mendelevium isotopes at SHIP". The European Physical Journal A 43 (1): 35. doi:10.1140/epja/i2009-10896-0. ISSN 1434-601X.
- ↑ Heßberger, F. P.; Antalic, S.; Giacoppo, F.; Andel, B.; Ackermann, D.; Block, M.; Heinz, S.; Khuyagbaatar, J. et al. (25 January 2022). "Alpha-gamma decay studies of 247Md". The European Physical Journal A 58 (1): 11. doi:10.1140/epja/s10050-022-00663-4. ISSN 1434-601X. Bibcode: 2022EPJA...58...11H.
- ↑ Briselet, R.; Theisen, Ch.; Vandebrouck, M.; Marchix, A.; Airiau, M.; Auranen, K.; Badran, H.; Boilley, D. et al. (14 February 2019). "Production cross section and decay study of $^{243}\mathrm{Es}$ and $^{249}\mathrm{Md}$". Physical Review C 99 (2): 024614. doi:10.1103/PhysRevC.99.024614.
- ↑ Heßberger, F.P.; Hofmann, S.; Ackermann, D.; Ninov, V.; Leino, M.; Münzenberg, G.; Saro, S.; Lavrentev, A. et al. (1 September 2001). "Decay properties of neutron-deficient isotopes 256, 257Db, 255Rf, 252, 253Lr" (in en). The European Physical Journal A - Hadrons and Nuclei 12 (1): 57–67. doi:10.1007/s100500170039. ISSN 1434-601X. Bibcode: 2001EPJA...12...57H. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s100500170039. Retrieved 1 July 2023.
- ↑ Kondev, F. G.; Wang, M.; Huang, W. J.; Naimi, S.; Audi, G. (1 March 2021). "The NUBASE2020 evaluation of nuclear physics properties *" (in English). Chinese Physics C, High Energy Physics and Nuclear Physics 45 (3): 030001. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/abddae. ISSN 1674-1137. Bibcode: 2021ChPhC..45c0001K.
- ↑ Chatillon, A.; Theisen, Ch.; Greenlees, P. T.; Auger, G.; Bastin, J. E.; Bouchez, E.; Bouriquet, B.; Casandjian, J. M. et al. (1 November 2006). "Spectroscopy and single-particle structure of the odd- Z heavy elements 255Lr, 251Md and 247Es" (in en). The European Physical Journal A - Hadrons and Nuclei 30 (2): 397–411. doi:10.1140/epja/i2006-10134-5. ISSN 1434-601X. Bibcode: 2006EPJA...30..397C. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1140/epja/i2006-10134-5. Retrieved 1 July 2023.
- ↑ Kondev, F. G.; Wang, M.; Huang, W. J.; Naimi, S.; Audi, G. (1 March 2021). "The NUBASE2020 evaluation of nuclear physics properties *" (in English). Chinese Physics C, High Energy Physics and Nuclear Physics 45 (3): 030001. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/abddae. ISSN 1674-1137. Bibcode: 2021ChPhC..45c0001K.
- ↑ Antalic, S.; Heßberger, F. P.; Ackermann, D.; Heinz, S.; Hofmann, S.; Kalaninová, Z.; Kindler, B.; Khuyagbaatar, J. et al. (20 May 2011). "Isomeric states in 253No and 253Fm". The European Physical Journal A 47 (5): 62. doi:10.1140/epja/i2011-11062-y. ISSN 1434-601X. Bibcode: 2011EPJA...47...62A.
- ↑ Kondev, F. G.; Wang, M.; Huang, W. J.; Naimi, S.; Audi, G. (1 March 2021). "The NUBASE2020 evaluation of nuclear physics properties *" (in English). Chinese Physics C, High Energy Physics and Nuclear Physics 45 (3): 030001. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/abddae. ISSN 1674-1137. Bibcode: 2021ChPhC..45c0001K.
- ↑ Kondev, F. G.; Wang, M.; Huang, W. J.; Naimi, S.; Audi, G. (1 March 2021). "The NUBASE2020 evaluation of nuclear physics properties *" (in English). Chinese Physics C, High Energy Physics and Nuclear Physics 45 (3): 030001. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/abddae. ISSN 1674-1137. Bibcode: 2021ChPhC..45c0001K.
- ↑ Kondev, F. G.; Wang, M.; Huang, W. J.; Naimi, S.; Audi, G. (1 March 2021). "The NUBASE2020 evaluation of nuclear physics properties *" (in English). Chinese Physics C, High Energy Physics and Nuclear Physics 45 (3): 030001. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/abddae. ISSN 1674-1137. Bibcode: 2021ChPhC..45c0001K.
- ↑ see nobelium
- Isotope masses from:
- M. Wang et al. (2012). "The AME2012 atomic mass evaluation (II). Tables, graphs and references.". Chinese Physics C 36 (12): 1603–2014. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/36/12/003. Bibcode: 2012ChPhC..36....3M. http://amdc.in2p3.fr/masstables/Ame2012/Ame2012b-v2.pdf.
- Audi, Georges; Bersillon, Olivier; Blachot, Jean; Wapstra, Aaldert Hendrik (2003), "The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties", Nuclear Physics A 729: 3–128, doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001, Bibcode: 2003NuPhA.729....3A, https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/in2p3-00020241/document
- Isotopic compositions and standard atomic masses from:
- Wieser, Michael E. (2006). "Atomic weights of the elements 2005 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry 78 (11): 2051–2066. doi:10.1351/pac200678112051.
- Half-life, spin, and isomer data selected from the following sources.
- Audi, Georges; Bersillon, Olivier; Blachot, Jean; Wapstra, Aaldert Hendrik (2003), "The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties", Nuclear Physics A 729: 3–128, doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001, Bibcode: 2003NuPhA.729....3A, https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/in2p3-00020241/document
- National Nuclear Data Center. "NuDat 2.x database". Brookhaven National Laboratory. http://www.nndc.bnl.gov/nudat2/.
- Lide, David R., ed (2004). "11. Table of the Isotopes". CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (85th ed.). Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press. ISBN 978-0-8493-0485-9.
- M. Thoennessen (2012). "Discovery of Isotopes of Elements with Z≥100". Atomic Data and Nuclear Data Tables 99 (3): 312–344. doi:10.1016/j.adt.2012.03.003. Bibcode: 2013ADNDT..99..312T.
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