Place:Mashriq

From HandWiki
Short description: The Eastern part of the Arab world
Mashriq
المشرق
Map of the Mashriq.png
Countries and territories
Map depicting the area most conservatively known as the Mashriq[1][2][3][4]

The Mashriq (/məˈʃriːk/; Arabic: المشرق), also known as the Arab Mashriq (Arabic: المشرق العربي), sometimes spelled Mashreq or Mashrek, is a term used by Arabs to refer to the eastern part of the Arab world, located in Western Asia and eastern North Africa.[5] Poetically the "Place of Sunrise", the name is derived from the verb sharaqa (شرق, "to shine, illuminate, radiate" and "to rise"), from the sh-r-q root (ش-ر-ق), referring to the east, where the sun rises.[6][7]

The region includes the Arab-majority states of Bahrain, Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Libya, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Sudan, the State of Palestine, Syria, the United Arab Emirates, and Yemen.[8][9]

Geography

As the word Mashriq refers to Arab countries located between the Mediterranean Sea and Iran, it is the companion term to Maghreb (Arabic: المغرب), the western half of the Arab world comprising Algeria, Morocco, Tunisia and western Libya. Libya may be regarded as straddling the two regions. Cyrenaica in eastern Libya is considered part of the Mashriq, whereas Tripolitania in western Libya is considered part of the Maghreb. Therefore Sirtica or the Gulf of Sidra is considered the dividing point between the Maghreb and Mashreq within the Arab world.[10][11]

These geographical terms date from the early Islamic expansion. The Mashriq corresponds to the Bilad al-Sham and Mesopotamian regions combined.[12] (As of 2014), the Mashriq is home to 1.7% of the global population.[13][14][15][16][17][18]

Cooperation

Map of the Arab Mashreq International Road Network

All of the countries located in the Arab Mashreq area are members of the Arab League, the Greater Arab Free Trade Area, and the United Nations . The region cooperates in several projects including the Arab Mashreq International Road Network and the Arab Mashreq International Railway. Several nations are also members of the GCC and others have tried to achieve political unity in the past, such as the United Arab Republic in the 1960s and 1970s, which originally included both Egypt and Syria.

See also

References

  1. ↑ "About ANPGR". Arab Network of Plant Genetic Resources. http://www.aoad.org/gb/AboutSystem.aspx. [|permanent dead link|dead link}}]
  2. ↑ "Mashreq". Association of Agricultural Research Institutions in the Near East & North Africa. http://www.aarinena.org/aarinena/Mash/Mash.html. 
  3. ↑ ""السلفية في المشرق العربي" من كتاب "الحركات الإسلامية في الوطن العربي" | مدونة جدران". http://www.judran.net/?p%3D2219. 
  4. ↑ "لماذا يستثنى الأردن من التقسيم؟ الوضع الداخلي هو العنصر الحاسم*فهد الخيطان" (in ar). Rasseen. 2014-07-13. http://rasseen.com/art.php?id=5260d5f578c14dba84fc73a9092d0a7c55ef0d95. 
  5. ↑ "Economic interrogation in the mashriq". world bank, siteresources. http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTMENA/Resources/MashreqStudypub.pdf. 
  6. ↑ Alvarez, Lourdes María (2009). Abu Al-Ḥasan Al-Shushtarī. Paulist Press. p. 157. ISBN 978-0-8091-0582-3. https://books.google.com/books?id=atDKUFnFAKMC&pg=PA157. 
  7. ↑ Peek, Philip M.; Yankah, Kwesi (2003-12-12). African Folklore: An Encyclopedia. Routledge. p. 442. ISBN 978-1-135-94873-3. https://books.google.com/books?id=SmmUAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA442. 
  8. ↑ Everett-Heath, John (2018). The Concise Dictionary of World Place-Names (4th ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-186632-6. OCLC 1053905476. https://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780191866326.001.0001/acref-9780191866326-e-10125?rskey=Kbo4yV&result=2. 
  9. ↑ "Mashriq | geographical region, Middle East" (in en). https://www.britannica.com/place/Mashriq. 
  10. ↑ "Libya - GEOGRAPHY". http://www.country-data.com/cgi-bin/query/r-8151.html. 
  11. ↑ Gall, Michel Le; Perkins, Kenneth (2010). The Maghrib in Question: Essays in History and Historiography. University of Texas Press. p. 8. ISBN 978-0-292-78838-1. https://books.google.com/books?id=mGzKAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA8. 
  12. ↑ Clancy-Smith, Julia (2013-11-05). North Africa, Islam and the Mediterranean World. Routledge. p. 98. ISBN 978-1-135-31213-8. https://books.google.com/books?id=seH9AQAAQBAJ&pg=PA98. 
  13. ↑ Official estimate of the Population of Egypt
  14. ↑ UN estimate for Lebanon
  15. ↑ "Official Jordanian population clock". Archived from the original on January 17, 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20120117225318/http://www.dos.gov.jo/dos_home_e/main/index.htm. 
  16. ↑ "National Main Statistical Indicators". State of Palestine – Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics. http://www.pcbs.gov.ps/DesktopDefault.aspx?lang=en. 
  17. ↑ UN estimate for Syria
  18. ↑ "Iraq". The World Bank. http://data.worldbank.org/country/iraq. 



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