Software:Comparison of machine translation applications

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Template:Translation info sidebar Machine translation is an algorithm which attempts to translate text or speech from one natural language to another.

General information

Basic general information for popular machine translation applications.[1] Template:Sort-under

Name Platform License Price Latest stable release Source availability Script error: No such module "Vertical header". Script error: No such module "Vertical header". Notes
Anusaaraka Unix compatible GPL No fee required 0.50 Yes Rule-based, deep parser based, paninian framework based; all programs and language data are free and open-source
Apertium Cross-platform (web application), Unix compatible, precompiled packages available for Debian GPL No fee required 3.9.4 Yes [1] Rule-based, shallow transfer; all programs and language data are free and open source
Babylon Windows, Mac Proprietary software Depends on license ($9.90–$89 for one license) 11.0.1.6 No Prompts to install the Babylon Toolbar, a browser hijacker which is difficult to remove.[2][3]
Baidu Fanyi Cross-platform (web application) SaaS No fee required No [2] 200+ Neural machine translation
DeepL Cross-platform (web application) SaaS No fee required, paid "Pro" version available No [3] 110+ Neural machine translation
Google Translate Cross-platform (web application) SaaS No fee required No [4] 240+ Statistical and neural machine translation
GramTrans Cross-platform (web application) Freeware No fee required ? No [5] Rule-based, using constraint grammar
IBM Watson Cross-platform SaaS Free, commercial (varies by plan) 3.0 No 55+ Both rule-based and statistical models developed by IBM Research. Neural machine translation models available through the Watson Language Translator API for developers.[4][5]
Microsoft Translator Cross-platform (web application) SaaS No fee required No [6] 170+ Statistical and neural machine translation
Moses Cross-platform LGPL No fee required 4.0[6] Yes Drop-in replacement for Pharaoh, features factored translation models and decoding of confusion networks.
Moses for Mere Mortals Ubuntu Linux GPL No fee required 2014-11-16 Yes Free open source; based on Moses; translation memories integration.
Naver Papago Cross-platform (web application) SaaS No fee required No [7] 15+ Machine translation
NiuTrans Cross-platform GPL No fee required 1.4.0 Yes [8] 450+ Competitive performance for Chinese translation tasks; statistical machine translation. Supports phrase-based, hierarchical phrase-based, and syntax-based (string-to-tree, tree-to-string, and tree-to-tree) models for research purposes.
OpenLogos Windows, Linux GPL or paid initiative taker No fee required 1.0.3 Yes Rule-based, deep transfer
PROMT Cross-platform (web application) Proprietary software Commercial 12.5 No [9] 25+ Hybrid, rule-based, statistical and neural machine translation[7]
Reverso Cross-platform (web application) SaaS No fee required, paid "Premium" version available No [10] 25+ Neural machine translation
SYSTRAN Cross-platform (web application) Proprietary software $200 (desktop) – $15,000 and up (enterprise server) Version 7 No [11] 60+ Hybrid, rule-based, statistical machine translation and neural machine translation
Translate (Apple) iOS, iPadOS and watchOS Proprietary software ? No [12] 20+ Neural machine translation
Yandex.Translate Cross-platform (web application) SaaS No fee required No [13] 110+ Statistical and neural machine translation

Languages features comparison

The following table compares the number of languages which the following machine translation programs can translate between. (Moses and Moses for Mere Mortals allow you to train translation models for any language pair, though collections of translated texts (parallel corpus) need to be provided by the user. The Moses site provides links to training corpora.)

This is not an all-encompassing list. Some applications have many more language pairs than those listed below. This is a general comparison of key languages only. A full and accurate list of language pairs supported by each product should be found on each of the product's websites.

Multi-pair translations

Language Language code Script error: No such module "Vertical header". Script error: No such module "Vertical header". Script error: No such module "Vertical header". Script error: No such module "Vertical header". Script error: No such module "Vertical header". Script error: No such module "Vertical header". Script error: No such module "Vertical header". Script error: No such module "Vertical header". Script error: No such module "Vertical header".
Abaza abq No No No No Yes No No No No
Abkhaz ab No Yes No No Yes No No No No
Acehnese ace No Yes Yes Yes No No No No No
Acholi ach No Yes No No No No No No No
Afar aa No Yes No No No No No No No
Afrikaans af Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No
Albanian sq Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No
Alur alz No Yes No No No No No No No
Amharic am Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes No No No
Arabic ar Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Arabic (Egyptian) arz Yes No Yes No No No No No No
Arabic (Moroccan) ary Yes No Yes No No No No No No
Aragonese an No No No Yes No No No No No
Armenian hy Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No
Assamese as Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No No No
Asturian ast Yes No Yes No No No No No No
Avar av No Yes No No No No No No No
Awadhi awa No Yes No No No No No No No
Aymara ay No Yes No Yes No No No No No
Azerbaijani az Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No
Balinese ban No Yes Yes No No No No No No
Baluchi bal No Yes No No No No No No No
Bambara bm Yes Yes No No No No No No No
Baoulé bci No Yes No No No No No No No
Bashkir ba No Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No No
Basque eu Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Yes No
Batak Karo btx No Yes No No No No No No No
Batak Simalungun bts No Yes No No No No No No No
Batak Toba bbc No Yes Yes No No No No No No
Belarusian be Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes No No
Bemba bem Yes Yes No No No No No No No
Bengali (Bangla) bn Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No
Betawi bew No Yes No No No No No No No
Bhojpuri bho No Yes Yes Yes No No No No No
Bikol bcl No Yes Yes No No No No No No
Bodo brx Yes No Yes No No No No No No
Bosnian bs Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No
Breton br Yes Yes No Yes No No No No No
Bulgarian bg Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No
Burmese my Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes No No
Buryat bua No Yes No No Yes No No No No
Cantonese (Traditional) yue or zh-Hant-HK Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No No No
Catalan ca Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes No
Cebuano ceb No Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No No
Chamorro ch No Yes No No No No No No No
Chechen ce Yes Yes No No No No No No No
Chewa (Chichewa/Nyanja) ny No Yes Yes No No No No No No
Chhattisgarhi hne No No Yes No No No No No No
Chinese (Simplified) zh-Hans-CN Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Chinese (Traditional) zh-Hant-TW Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes
Chuukese chk No Yes No No No No No No No
Chuvash cv No Yes No No Yes No Yes No No
Classical Chinese lzh No No Yes No No No No No No
Corsican co No Yes Yes No No No No No No
Crimean Tatar crh No Yes No No No No No No No
Croatian hr Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No
Czech cs Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No
Danish da Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No
Dari fa-AF or prs Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes No No
Dhivehi dv No Yes Yes No No No No No No
Dinka din No Yes No No No No No No No
Dogri doi No Yes Yes No No No No No No
Dombe dov No Yes No No No No No No No
Dutch nl Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Dyula dyu No Yes No No No No No No No
Dzongkha dz Yes Yes No No No No No No No
Elvish (Sindarin) sjn No No No No Yes No No No No
English en Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Erzya myv No No No No Yes No No No No
Esperanto eo Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No No
Estonian et Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No
Ewe ee Yes Yes No No No No No No No
Faroese fo Yes Yes Yes No No No No No No
Fijian fj No Yes Yes No No No No No No
Finnish fi Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No
Fon fon No Yes No No No No No No No
French fr Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
French (Canada) fr-CA Yes Yes Yes No No Yes No Yes No
Frisian (West) fy Yes Yes Yes No No No No No No
Friulian fur Yes Yes Yes No No No No No No
Fulani ff Yes Yes No No No No No No No
Ga gaa No Yes No No No No No No No
Galician gl Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No No
Georgian ka Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No
German de Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Greek el Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No
Guarani gn No Yes No Yes No No No No No
Gujarati gu Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes No
Haitian Creole ht No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No
Hakha Chin cnh No Yes No No No No No No No
Hausa ha Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes No No No
Hawaiian haw Yes Yes No No No No No No No
Hebrew he Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No
Hiligaynon hil No Yes Yes No No No No No No
Hill Mari mrj No No No No Yes No No No No
Hindi hi Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Hmong (Daw) hmn or mww No Yes Yes No No No No No No
Hungarian hu Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No
Hunsrik hrx No Yes No No No No No No No
Iban iba No Yes Yes No No No No No No
Icelandic is Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No
Igbo ig Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No No No
Ilocano ilo No Yes Yes No No No No No No
Indonesian id Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Inuinnaqtun ikt No No Yes No No No No No No
Inuktitut iu No Yes Yes No No No No No No
Irish ga Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes No
Italian it Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Jamaican Patois jam No Yes Yes No No No No No No
Japanese ja Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Javanese jv No Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No No
Jingpo kac No Yes No No No No No No No
Kabardian kbd No No No No Yes No No No No
Kabuverdianu kea Yes No Yes No No No No No No
Kalaallisut kl Yes Yes No No No No No No No
Kannada kn Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes No Yes No
Kanuri kr No Yes No No No No No No No
Kapampangan pam No Yes Yes Yes No No No No No
Karachay-Balkar krc No No No No Yes No No No No
Kashmiri ks Yes No Yes No No No No No No
Kazakh kk Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No
Khasi kha No Yes No No No No No No No
Khmer km Yes Yes Yes No Yes No No No No
Kiga cgg Yes Yes No No No No No No No
Kikongo kg No Yes No No No No No No No
Kinyarwanda rw Yes Yes Yes No No No No No No
Kirundi (Rundi) rn Yes Yes Yes No No No No No No
Kituba ktu No Yes No No No No No No No
Klingon tlh No No Yes No No No No No No
Kokborok trp No Yes No No No No No No No
Komi kv No Yes No No Yes No No No No
Konkani kok Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No No No
Korean ko Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Krio kri No Yes Yes No No No No No No
Kurdish (Kurmanji) ku or kmr No Yes Yes Yes No No Yes No No
Kurdish (Sorani) ckb Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Yes No No
Kyrgyz ky Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes No No
Lao lo Yes Yes Yes No Yes No Yes No No
Latgalian ltg No Yes No No No No No No No
Latin la No Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No No
Latvian lv Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No
Ligurian (Genoese) lij No Yes Yes No No No No No No
Limburgish li No Yes Yes No No No No No No
Lingala ln Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No No No
Lithuanian lt Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No
Lombard lmo No Yes Yes Yes No No No No No
Lower Sorbian dsb Yes No Yes No No No No No No
Luganda (Ganda) lg Yes Yes Yes No No No No No No
Luo luo Yes Yes No No No No No No No
Luxembourgish lb Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No No
Macedonian mk Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No
Madurese mad No Yes No No No No No No No
Maithili mai No Yes Yes Yes No No No No No
Makassar mak No Yes No No No No No No No
Malagasy mg Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No No
Malay ms Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No
Malayalam ml Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes No
Maltese mt Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes No
Mam mam No Yes No No No No No No No
Mansi mns No No No No Yes No No No No
Manx gv Yes Yes No No No No No No No
Māori mi No Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No No
Marathi mr Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes No
Marshallese mh No Yes No No No No No No No
Marwadi (Marwari) mwr No Yes Yes No No No No No No
Mauritian Creole mfe Yes Yes Yes No No No No No No
Meadow Mari mhr No Yes No No Yes No No No No
Meitei (Manipuri) mni-Mtei No Yes No No No No No No No
Minang (Minangkabau) min No Yes Yes No No No No No No
Mizo lus No Yes No No No No No No No
Moksha mdf No No No No Yes No No No No
Mongolian mn Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No
Montenegrin cnr No No No No No No No Yes No
Nahuatl (Eastern Huasteca) nhe No Yes No No No No No No No
Ndau ndc No Yes No No No No No No No
Ndebele (South) nr No Yes No No No No No No No
Nepalbhasa (Newari) new No Yes No No No No No No No
Nepali ne Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Yes No
NKo nqo No Yes No No No No No No No
Nogai nog No No No No Yes No No No No
Northern Sotho (Sepedi) nso No Yes Yes No No No No No No
Norwegian (Bokmål) nb or no Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No
Norwegian (Nynorsk) nn Yes No Yes No No No Yes No No
Nuer nus Yes Yes No No No No No No No
Occitan oc No Yes Yes Yes No No No No No
Odia (Oriya) or Yes Yes Yes No No No No No No
Oromo om Yes Yes No Yes No No No No No
Ossetian os Yes Yes No No Yes No No No No
Pangasinan pag No Yes No Yes No No No No No
Papiamento pap No Yes Yes No Yes No No No No
Pashto ps Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes No No
Persian (Farsi) fa Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No
Polish pl Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Portuguese pt Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No
Portuguese (Brazil) pt-BR Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Yes
Punjabi pa Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes No
Q'eqchi' kek No Yes No No No No No No No
Quechua qu Yes Yes No Yes No No No No No
Querétaro Otomi otq No No Yes No No No No No No
Romani rom No Yes No No No No No No No
Romanian ro Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No
Russian ru Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Sami (North) se Yes Yes No No No No No No No
Samoan sm No Yes Yes No No No No No No
Sango sg Yes Yes No No No No No No No
Sanskrit sa No Yes Yes Yes No No No No No
Santali sat No Yes No No No No No No No
Sardinian sc No No Yes No No No No No No
Scottish Gaelic gd Yes Yes No No Yes No No No No
Serbian sr Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No
Seychellois Creole crs No Yes Yes No No No No No No
Shan shn No Yes No No No No No No No
Shona sn Yes Yes Yes No No No No No No
Sicilian scn No Yes Yes Yes No No No No No
Silesian szl No Yes No No No No No No No
Sindhi sd No Yes Yes No No No No No No
Sinhala (Sinhalese) si Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes No Yes No
Slovak sk Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No
Slovenian sl Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes No
Somali so Yes Yes Yes No No Yes No No No
Sotho (Sesotho) st No Yes Yes Yes No No No No No
Spanish es Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Spanish (Latin America) es-419 Yes No No Yes No No No No No
Spanish (Mexico) es-MX Yes No No No No Yes No No No
Sundanese su No Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No No
Susu sus No Yes No No No No No No No
Swahili sw Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No
Swati ss No Yes No No No No No No No
Swedish sv Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No
Tagalog (Filipino) fil or tl Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No
Tahitian ty No Yes Yes No No No No No No
Tajik tg Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes No No
Tamazight ber No Yes No No No No No No No
Tamil ta Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes No
Tatar tt Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes No No
Telugu te Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes No
Tetum tet No Yes Yes No No No No No No
Thai th Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Tibetan bo Yes Yes Yes No No No No No No
Tigrinya ti Yes Yes Yes No No No No No No
Tiv tiv No Yes No No No No No No No
Tok Pisin tpi No Yes Yes No No No No No No
Tongan to Yes Yes Yes No No No No No No
Tshiluba lua No Yes No No No No No No No
Tsonga ts No Yes No Yes No No No No No
Tswana (Setswana) tn No Yes Yes Yes No No No No No
Tulu tcy No Yes No No No No No No No
Tumbuka tum No Yes No No No No No No No
Turkish tr Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Turkmen tk No Yes Yes Yes No No Yes No No
Tuvan tyv No Yes No No Yes No No No No
Twi tw No Yes No No No No No No No
Udmurt udm No Yes No No Yes No No No No
Ukrainian uk Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Upper Sorbian hsb Yes No Yes No No No No No No
Urdu ur Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No
Uyghur ug Yes Yes Yes No No No No No No
Uzbek uz Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No
Venda ve No Yes No No No No No No No
Venetian vec No Yes Yes No No No No No No
Vietnamese vi Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Waray war No Yes Yes No No No No No No
Welsh cy Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes No
Wolof wo Yes Yes No Yes No No No No No
Xhosa xh No Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No No
Yakut sah Yes Yes No No Yes No No No No
Yiddish (Eastern) yi Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No No
Yoruba yo Yes Yes Yes No No No No No No
Yucatec Maya yua No Yes Yes No No No No No No
Zapotec zap No Yes No No No No No No No
Zulu zu Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No No
Total (confirmed) 141 249 179 118 115 75 62 57 21

Paired translations

Language Language Apertium[8] OpenLogos GramTrans SYSTRAN
Afrikaans Dutch ⇆ No No No
Arabic English No No No ⇆
Arabic Maltese ← No No No
Aragonese Catalan ⇆ No No No
Aragonese Spanish ⇆ No No No
Arpitan French ← No No No
Asturian Spanish ← No No No
Basque English → No No No
Basque Spanish → No No No
Belarusian Russian ⇆ No No No
Breton French → No No No
Bulgarian Macedonian ⇆ No No No
Catalan Danish No No ← No
Catalan English ⇆ No No No
Catalan Esperanto → No No No
Catalan French ⇆ No No No
Catalan Italian ⇆ No No No
Catalan Occitan ⇆ No No No
Catalan Portuguese ⇆ No No No
Catalan Romanian ⇆ No No No
Catalan Sardinian ← No No No
Catalan Spanish ⇆ No No No
Chinese (Simplified) English No No No ⇆
Chinese (Traditional) English No No No ⇆
Crimean Tatar Turkish → No No No
Czech English No No No ⇆
Danish English No No ⇆ →
Danish Esperanto No No → No
Danish Galician No No → No
Danish German No No ⇆ No
Danish Norwegian (Bokmål) ⇆ No ⇆ No
Danish Portuguese No No ← No
Danish Spanish No No ⇆ No
Danish Swedish ⇆ No ⇆ No
Dutch English No No No ⇆
Dutch French No No No ⇆
English Esperanto ⇆ No → No
English Finnish No No No ⇆
English French No ← No ⇆
English Galician ⇆ No No No
English German No ⇆ No ⇆
English Greek No No No ⇆
English Hindi No No No ←
English Hungarian No No No ⇆
English Icelandic ← No No No
English Italian No ← No ⇆
English Japanese No No No ⇆
English Korean No No No ⇆
English Latvian No No No ←
English Lithuanian No ← No No
English Macedonian ← No No No
English Norwegian No No ⇆ ←
English Persian No No No ←
English Polish No No No ⇆
English Portuguese No ← ← ⇆
English Romanian No No No ⇆
English Russian No ← No ⇆
English Serbo-Croatian ← No No No
English Slovak No No No ←
English Slovene No No No ←
English Spanish ⇆ ← No ⇆
English Swedish No No ⇆ ⇆
English Turkish No No No ⇆
English Ukrainian No No No ⇆
English Welsh ← No No No
Esperanto French ← No No No
Esperanto Norwegian No No ← No
Esperanto Portuguese No No ← No
Esperanto Spanish ← No No No
Estonian English No No No →
French German No No No ⇆
French Italian No No No ⇆
French Occitan ⇆ No No No
French Russian No ← No No
French Spanish ⇆ No No ⇆
Galician Portuguese ⇆ No No No
Galician Spanish ⇆ No No No
German Italian No No No ⇆
German Spanish No No No ⇆
Hindi Urdu ⇆ No No No
Icelandic Swedish ⇆ No No No
Indonesian Malaysian ⇆ No No No
Italian Sardinian ⇆ No No No
Italian Spanish No No No ←
Kazakh Tatar ⇆ No No No
Macedonian Serbo-Croatian ← No No No
North Sámi Norwegian → No No No
Norwegian Swedish ⇆ No ⇆ No
Norwegian (Nynorsk) Norwegian (Bokmål) ⇆ No No No
Occitan Spanish ⇆ No No No
Polish Silesian → No No No
Portuguese Spanish ⇆ No No No
Romanian Spanish → No No No
Russian Ukrainian ⇆ No No No
Serbo-Croatian Slovene ⇆ No No No
Total (confirmed) 83 9 24 63

See also

References

  1. ↑ "Translations Made Simple: The Usefulness of Translation Apps". 2020-04-08. Archived from the original on April 29, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200429054905/https://www.ulatus.com/translation-blog/most-globally-used-translated-apps/. Retrieved April 29, 2020. 
  2. ↑ Remove FBI & Babylon Zombie Virus PCPitstop.com, author Steve Hogan, October 11, 2012
  3. ↑ How To Uninstall The Babylon Toolbar Completely Martin Brinkmann, ghacks.net, August 17, 2011
  4. ↑ "Watson Language Translator" (in en). 2016-11-28. https://www.ibm.com/watson/services/language-translator/. 
  5. ↑ language-translator-nodejs: Sample Node.js Application for the IBM Language Translation Service, Watson Developer Cloud, 2017-11-08, https://github.com/watson-developer-cloud/language-translator-nodejs, retrieved 2017-11-08 
  6. ↑ "Moses - Moses/Releases". http://www.statmt.org/moses/?n=Moses.Releases. 
  7. ↑ "Нейронные сети, офлайн-переводчики и конкуренция. Технологии машинного перевода". 8 April 2019. http://blog.translate.ru/2019/04/nejronnye-seti-oflajn-perevodchiki-i-konkurenciya-nikita-shablykov-o-texnologiyax-mashinnogo-perevoda/. 
  8. ↑ "Apertium". https://wiki.apertium.org/wiki/Main_Page. 



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