Biology:POLRMT
 Generic protein structure example |
DNA-directed RNA polymerase, mitochondrial is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the POLRMT gene.[1][2]
Function
This gene encodes a mitochondrial DNA-directed RNA polymerase. The gene product is responsible for mitochondrial gene expression as well as for providing RNA primers for initiation of replication of the mitochondrial genome. Although this polypeptide has the same function as the three nuclear DNA-directed RNA polymerases, it is more closely related to RNA polymerases of bacteriophage (including T7 RNA polymerase), mitochondrial polymerases of lower eukaryotes as well as chloroplastic RpoT polymerases.[2]
Structure
The structure of the enzyme has been solved. It exhibits an overall structure similar to that of phage RNAP, but the initiation mechanism is different in that it requires initiation factors TFAM (only in mammals) and TFB2M.[3] Elongation requires the elongation factor TEFM.[4] The exact termination process is less understood, but MTERF1 is thought to play a role.[5]
References
- ↑ "Identification of the gene encoding the human mitochondrial RNA polymerase (h-mtRPOL) by cyberscreening of the Expressed Sequence Tags database". Hum Mol Genet 6 (4): 615–25. Jul 1997. doi:10.1093/hmg/6.4.615. PMID 9097968.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 "Entrez Gene: POLRMT polymerase (RNA) mitochondrial (DNA directed)". https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=5442.
- ↑ Hillen, HS; Morozov, YI; Sarfallah, A; Temiakov, D; Cramer, P (16 November 2017). "Structural Basis of Mitochondrial Transcription Initiation.". Cell 171 (5): 1072–1081.e10. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2017.10.036. PMID 29149603.
- ↑ Hillen, Hauke S.; Parshin, Andrey V.; Agaronyan, Karen; Morozov, Yaroslav I.; Graber, James J.; Chernev, Aleksandar; Schwinghammer, Kathrin; Urlaub, Henning et al. (November 2017). "Mechanism of Transcription Anti-termination in Human Mitochondria". Cell 171 (5): 1082–1093.e13. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2017.09.035. PMID 29033127.
- ↑ D'Souza, AR; Minczuk, M (20 July 2018). "Mitochondrial transcription and translation: overview.". Essays in Biochemistry 62 (3): 309–320. doi:10.1042/EBC20170102. PMID 30030363.
Further reading
- "Oligo-capping: a simple method to replace the cap structure of eukaryotic mRNAs with oligoribonucleotides.". Gene 138 (1–2): 171–4. 1994. doi:10.1016/0378-1119(94)90802-8. PMID 8125298.
- "Construction and characterization of a full length-enriched and a 5'-end-enriched cDNA library". Gene 200 (1–2): 149–56. 1997. doi:10.1016/S0378-1119(97)00411-3. PMID 9373149.
- "Mitochondrial transcription factors B1 and B2 activate transcription of human mtDNA". Nat. Genet. 31 (3): 289–94. 2002. doi:10.1038/ng909. PMID 12068295.
- "Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (26): 16899–903. 2003. doi:10.1073/pnas.242603899. PMID 12477932. Bibcode: 2002PNAS...9916899M.
- "Human mitochondrial transcription factor B1 interacts with the C-terminal activation region of h-mtTFA and stimulates transcription independently of its RNA methyltransferase activity". Mol. Cell. Biol. 23 (16): 5816–24. 2003. doi:10.1128/MCB.23.16.5816-5824.2003. PMID 12897151.
- "The DNA sequence and biology of human chromosome 19". Nature 428 (6982): 529–35. 2004. doi:10.1038/nature02399. PMID 15057824. Bibcode: 2004Natur.428..529G.
- "Structure-function defects of human mitochondrial DNA polymerase in autosomal dominant progressive external ophthalmoplegia". Nat. Struct. Mol. Biol. 11 (8): 770–6. 2004. doi:10.1038/nsmb805. PMID 15258572.
- "The mitochondrial RNA polymerase contributes critically to promoter specificity in mammalian cells". EMBO J. 23 (23): 4606–14. 2005. doi:10.1038/sj.emboj.7600465. PMID 15526033.
- "Transcription of mammalian messenger RNAs by a nuclear RNA polymerase of mitochondrial origin". Nature 436 (7051): 735–9. 2005. doi:10.1038/nature03848. PMID 16079853. Bibcode: 2005Natur.436..735K.
- "Human mitochondrial ribosomal protein MRPL12 interacts directly with mitochondrial RNA polymerase to modulate mitochondrial gene expression". J. Biol. Chem. 282 (17): 12610–8. 2007. doi:10.1074/jbc.M700461200. PMID 17337445.
External links
- Overview of all the structural information available in the PDB for UniProt: O00411 (Human DNA-directed RNA polymerase, mitochondrial (POLRMT)) at the PDBe-KB.
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