Biology:CHRNA9

Short description: Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Generic protein structure example

Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-9, also known as nAChRα9, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CHRNA9 gene. The protein encoded by this gene is a subunit of certain nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAchR).

α9 subunit-containing receptors are notably blocked by nicotine. The role of this antagonism in the effects of tobacco are unknown.

This gene is a member of the ligand-gated ionic channel family and nicotinic acetylcholine receptor gene superfamily. It encodes a plasma membrane protein that forms homo- or hetero-oligomeric divalent cation channels. This protein is involved in cochlea hair cell function and is expressed in both the inner and outer hair cells (OHCs) of the adult cochlea, although expression levels in adult inner hair cells is low. The activation of the alpha9/10 nAChR is via olivocochlear activity, represented by cholinergic efferent synaptic terminals originating from the superior olive region of the brainstem. The protein is additionally expressed in keratinocytes, the pituitary gland, B-cells and T-cells.

Selective block of α9α10 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors by the conotoxin RgIA has been shown to be analgesic in an animal model of nerve injury pain.

See also

• Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor

Further reading

• "Novel Human α9 Acetylcholine Receptor Regulating Keratinocyte Adhesion is Targeted by Pemphigus Vulgaris Autoimmunity". Am. J. Pathol. 157 (4): 1377–1391. 2000. doi:10.1016/S0002-9440(10)64651-2. PMID 11021840. 
• "DNA Cloning Using In Vitro Site-Specific Recombination". Genome Res. 10 (11): 1788–1795. 2001. doi:10.1101/gr.143000. PMID 11076863. 
• "A novel human nicotinic receptor subunit, alpha10, that confers functionality to the alpha9-subunit". Mol. Pharmacol. 61 (1): 150–159. 2002. doi:10.1124/mol.61.1.150. PMID 11752216. 
• "Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (26): 16899–16903. 2003. doi:10.1073/pnas.242603899. PMID 12477932. Bibcode: 2002PNAS...9916899M. 
• "Chromosome location and characterization of the human nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha (alpha) 9 (CHRNA9) gene". Cytogenet. Genome Res. 98 (2–3): 154–159. 2003. doi:10.1159/000069804. PMID 12697997. 
• "Transcriptional regulation by activation and repression elements located at the 5'-noncoding region of the human alpha9 nicotinic receptor subunit gene". J. Biol. Chem. 278 (39): 37249–37255. 2003. doi:10.1074/jbc.M307043200. PMID 12860975. 
• "The Status, Quality, and Expansion of the NIH Full-Length cDNA Project: The Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)". Genome Res. 14 (10B): 2121–2127. 2004. doi:10.1101/gr.2596504. PMID 15489334. 
• "Characterization of the human nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha (alpha) 9 (CHRNA9) and alpha (alpha) 10 (CHRNA10) in lymphocytes". Life Sci. 76 (3): 263–280. 2004. doi:10.1016/j.lfs.2004.05.031. PMID 15531379. 
• "Generation and annotation of the DNA sequences of human chromosomes 2 and 4". Nature 434 (7034): 724–731. 2005. doi:10.1038/nature03466. PMID 15815621. Bibcode: 2005Natur.434..724H. 
• "CENTRAL ROLE OF α9 ACETYLCHOLINE RECEPTOR IN COORDINATING KERATINOCYTE ADHESION AND MOTILITY AT THE INITIATION OF EPITHELIALIZATION". Exp. Cell Res. 313 (16): 3542–3555. 2007. doi:10.1016/j.yexcr.2007.07.011. PMID 17706194. 

External links

• CHRNA9+protein,+human at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
• Human CHRNA9 genome location and CHRNA9 gene details page in the UCSC Genome Browser.

This article incorporates text from the United States National Library of Medicine, which is in the public domain.