Biology:Lambda-carrageenase
| Lambda-carrageenase | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Identifiers | |||||||||
| EC number | 3.2.1.162 | ||||||||
| Databases | |||||||||
| IntEnz | IntEnz view | ||||||||
| BRENDA | BRENDA entry | ||||||||
| ExPASy | NiceZyme view | ||||||||
| KEGG | KEGG entry | ||||||||
| MetaCyc | metabolic pathway | ||||||||
| PRIAM | profile | ||||||||
| PDB structures | RCSB PDB PDBe PDBsum | ||||||||
| Gene Ontology | AmiGO / QuickGO | ||||||||
| |||||||||
Lambda-carrageenase (EC 3.2.1.162, endo-beta-1,4-carrageenose 2,6,2'-trisulfate-hydrolase) is an enzyme which breaks down a polysaccharide found in red seaweeds, lambda-carrageenan. This enzyme has only been found in marine bacteria.[1][2]
Species distribution
Two bacteria which produce lambda-carrageenase have been found. The marine bacterium Pseudoalteromonas carrageenovora (also known as Alteromonas carrageenovora) strain ATCC 43555, which was isolated from sea water in Nova Scotia, and the deep-sea bacterial isolate Pseudoalteromonas sp. CL19, which was isolated from a sediment sample from Suruga Bay, Japan .[1][2][3]
Properties of the enzyme
In both Alteromonas carrageenovora and Pseudoalteromonas sp. CL19, lambda-carrageenase is encoded by the cglA gene. The product of this gene is a protein consisting of 942 amino acids, this protein includes a 25 amino acid signal peptide.[1][2] Lambda-carrageenase is found as a monomer. Its optimum pH for activity is 7.0, and optimum temperature is 35 °C. The enzyme specifically hydrolyses lambda-carrageenan, and is not active against iota- and kappa-carrageenans, agarose or porphyran.[1]
Mechanism of action
Lambda-carrageenase cleaves the beta 1-4 glycosidic bonds in the linear backbone of lambda-carrageenan. This results in the formation of a tetrasaccharide: alpha-D-Galp2,6S(2)-(1->3)-beta-D-Galp2S-(1->4)-alpha-D-Galp2,6S(2)-(1->3)-D-Galp2S. This enzyme acts via a single displacement mechanism, causing an inversion of anomeric configuration of the substrate.[1][2]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 "A novel enzyme, lambda-carrageenase, isolated from a deep-sea bacterium". J. Biochem. 140 (4): 475–81. October 2006. doi:10.1093/jb/mvj180. PMID 16926183.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 "Degradation of lambda-carrageenan by Pseudoalteromonas carrageenovora lambda-carrageenase: a new family of glycoside hydrolases unrelated to kappa- and iota-carrageenases". Biochem. J. 404 (1): 105–14. May 2007. doi:10.1042/BJ20061359. PMID 17269933.
- ↑ "LGC Standards: Certified reference materials". http://www.lgcstandards-atcc.org/.
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