Biology:Glucosidases
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Short description: Enzymes which hydrolyse glycosides
Glucosidases are the glycoside hydrolase enzymes categorized under the EC number 3.2.1.[1]
Function
Alpha-glucosidases are enzymes involved in breaking down complex carbohydrates such as starch and glycogen into their monomers.[2]
They catalyze the cleavage of individual glucosyl residues from various glycoconjugates including alpha- or beta-linked polymers of glucose. This enzyme convert complex sugars into simpler ones.
Members
Different sources include different members in this class. Members marked with a "#" are considered by MeSH to be glucosidases.
| Name | EC | Description |
| α-Amylase | EC 3.2.1.1 | is a digestive enzyme in mammals |
| β-Amylase | EC 3.2.1.2 | is a plant enzyme to break down starch |
| γ-Amylase | EC 3.2.1.3 | is a digestive enzyme |
| Cellulase # | EC 3.2.1.4 | breaks down cellulose from plant material |
| Sucrase-isomaltase | EC 3.2.1.10 | - |
| Mannosyl-oligosaccharide glucosidase # | EC 3.2.1.106 | catalyzes the first trimming step of the N-glycosylation pathway; is associated with Congenital Disorder of Glycosylation type IIb |
| Acid α-glucosidase # | EC 3.2.1.20 | is associated with Glycogen storage disease type II |
| Beta-glucosidase # | EC 3.2.1.21 | is associated with Gaucher's disease |
| Lactase | EC 3.2.1.23 | one member of the β-galactosidase family, breaks down milk sugars, and its absence in adulthood causes lactose intolerance |
| Debranching enzyme # | EC 3.2.1.33 | in mammals, yeast and some bacteria, combines transferase and glucosidase activity in glycogen breakdown |
| Pullulanase | EC 3.2.1.41 | has been used as a detergent |
Clinical significance
Alpha-glucosidases are targeted by alpha-glucosidase inhibitors such as acarbose and miglitol to control diabetes mellitus type 2.
See also
- DNA glycosylases
- Mucopolysaccharidoses
References
- ↑ "ENZYME class: 3.2.1". SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics. June 2021. https://enzyme.expasy.org/EC/3.2.1.-.
- ↑ Krasikov, V. V.; Karelov, D. V.; Firsov, L. M. (March 2001). "α-Glucosidases". Biochemistry (Moscow) 66 (3): 267–281. doi:10.1023/A:1010243611814. PMID 11333149. http://link.springer.com/10.1023/A:1010243611814.
External links
- Glucosidases at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
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