Social:Tai Hongjin language
| Tai Hongjin | |
|---|---|
| Native to | China |
Native speakers | 85,000 (2000 census)[1] |
Kra–Dai
| |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | tiz |
| Glottolog | taih1246[2] |
Tai Hongjin (Chinese: 红金傣语) is a Tai language of southern China . Dialects may not be mutually intelligible.
Speakers of Tai Hongjin live in the Red River (红河 or 元江) and Jinsha River (金沙江) watershed regions of south-central Yunnan. Most are Buddhists, but few are Theravada.
Dialects
Tai Hongjin can be split into five dialects, which are often mutually unintelligible (Zhou 2001:14).
- Yuánxīn 元新 (Yuanyang-Xinping): Honghe County 红河县, Yuanyang County 元阳县 of Honghe Hani and Yi Autonomous Prefecture 红河州; Xinping Yi and Dai Autonomous County 新平彝族傣族自治县 of Yuxi City 玉溪市.
- Yǒngwǔ 永武 (Yongren-Wuding): Yongren County 永仁县, Wuding County 武定县, Lufeng County 禄丰县, Dayao County 大姚县 — all in Chuxiong Yi Autonomous Prefecture 楚雄彝族自治州.
- Mǎguān 马关: Maguan County of Wenshan Prefecture.
- Yuánjiāng 元江: Honghe County 红河县, Yuanyang County 元阳县 of Honghe Prefecture 红河州; Yuanjiang County 元江县 of Yuxi City 玉溪市.
- Lǜshí 绿石 (Lüchun-Shiping): Lüchun County 绿春县, Shiping County 石屏县, Jianshui County 建水县 — all in Honghe Prefecture 红河州. This dialect has more open rimes and nasal finals.
The total number of Tai Hongjin speakers combined is 136,000 (Zhou 2001:14). A related but separate Tai language called Dǎi Jīnpíng (金平傣语) is spoken in Jinping County 金平县, Honghe Prefecture 红河州, which Zhou (2001) reports as having 15,400 speakers.[3] This language has its own traditional script as well (see Zhou 2001:379).
Heipu
Heipu 黑蒲 (autonym: Kalang 卡郎 kʰa˧lun˨˩; also called Baiyi 摆彝 by the Han Chinese) is a variety of Tai Ya 傣雅 spoken by 118 people in the 2 villages[4] of Shitouzhai 石头寨[5] and Xiaomiao 小庙[6] in Panlong Township 盘龙乡, District 5 五区, Xinping County, Yunnan (You 2013:268).[7] Heipu 黑蒲 is a Han Chinese exonym referring to their practice of teeth blackening. In Xinping County, the Heipu also refer to themselves as the Tai Kha 傣卡 (You 2013:336).[7] It is mutually intelligible with Tai Ya as spoken in District 4 四区 of Xinping County. However, Heipu is unique in that it has only 4 tones, and has lost the final stops -p, -t, -k. Heipu is not to be confused with 2 other groups of the same name:
- Heipu 黑蒲, an ethnic Zhuang group in Lijiang County, Yunnan with a population of 675 (You 2013:55).[7]
- Heipu 黑蒲, an ethnic Bulang group in Mojiang County, Yunnan with the autonym Wa 娃 (You 2013:335-336).
References
- ↑ Tai Hongjin at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015)
- ↑ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds (2017). "Tai Hongjin". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History. http://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/taih1246.
- ↑ The Dai Jinping data point studied in Zhou (2001) is that of Xinmeng village 新勐村, Mengla township 勐拉乡, Jinping County 金平县.
- ↑ 云南民族识别参考资料 (1955), p.69
- ↑ http://www.ynszxc.gov.cn/villagePage/vIndex.aspx?departmentid=250526
- ↑ http://www.ynszxc.gov.cn/villagePage/vIndex.aspx?departmentid=250527
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 You Weiqiong [尤伟琼]. 2013. Classifying ethnic groups of Yunnan [云南民族识别研究]. Beijing: Ethnic Publishing House [民族出版社].
Further reading
- Xing Gongwan [邢公畹]. 1989. Upper Hongjin Dai Ya Language [红河上游傣雅语]. Language Publishing House [语文出版社].
- Zhou Yaowen [周耀文]. 2001. A Study of Dai Dialects [傣语方言研究]. Ethnic Publishing House [民族出版社].
External links
- 283-word wordlist in Wuding Tianxin Tai dialect archived with Kaipuleohone
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