Astronomy:Gaia BH3
250px Artist’s impression of Gaia BH3 Credit: ESO/L. Calçada | |
| Observation data Equinox J2000.0]] (ICRS) | |
|---|---|
| Constellation | Aquila[1] |
| Right ascension | 19h 39m 18.71s[2] |
| Declination | +14° 55′ 54.0″[2] |
| Characteristics | |
| Star | |
| Evolutionary stage | red giant branch[3] |
| Spectral type | G[3] |
| Black hole | |
| Evolutionary stage | Stellar black hole[3] |
| Astrometry | |
| Radial velocity (Rv) | −333.2±3.4[3] km/s |
| Proper motion (μ) | RA: −28.34±0.06[4] mas/yr Dec.: −155.19±0.10[4] mas/yr |
| Parallax (π) | 1.6844 ± 0.0080[4] mas |
| Distance | 1,936 ± 9 ly (594 ± 3 pc) |
| Orbit[4] | |
| Period (P) | 11.57 ± 0.25 years |
| Semi-major axis (a) | 16.55±0.26 astronomical unit|AU |
| Eccentricity (e) | 0.7280+0.0044 −0.0043 |
| Inclination (i) | 110.601+0.094 −0.093° |
| Longitude of the node (Ω) | 136.21+0.13 −0.12° |
| Periastron epoch (T) | 2458177.00+0.92 −0.94 JD |
| Argument of periastron (ω) (secondary) | 77.79±0.16° |
| Semi-amplitude (K1) (primary) | Star: 56.85±0.30 km/s |
| Details[3] | |
| Star | |
| Mass | 0.76±0.05 M☉ |
| Radius | 4.936±0.016 R☉ |
| Surface gravity (log g) | 2.929±0.003 cgs |
| Temperature | 5,212±80 K |
| Metallicity [Fe/H] | −2.56±0.11 dex |
| Age | 13 Gyr |
| Black hole | |
| Mass | 33.08+0.48 −0.47[4] M☉ |
| Other designations | |
| Database references | |
| SIMBAD | data |
Gaia BH3 (Gaia DR3 4318465066420528000) is a binary system consisting of a metal-poor giant star with spectral type G and a stellar-mass black hole. Gaia BH3 is located 1926 light years away (590.6±5.8 pc away) in the constellation of Aquila. Gaia BH3 is the first black hole discovered from preliminary Gaia DR4 astrometric data.[3]
The black hole and star orbit the system barycentre every 11.6 years, with an orbital distance ranging from 4.5–29 AU.[6] The black hole's mass is 32.70 M☉, the most massive known stellar black hole in the Milky Way.
The black hole Gaia BH3 is the second known stellar black hole more massive than about 10 M☉ (with the first being Cygnus X-1).[3] The mass of Gaia BH3 is quite similar to the mass of merging binary black holes found via gravitational waves. These massive black holes were suspected to be formed by metal-poor stars and the fact that Gaia BH3 has a metal-poor companion strengthens this conclusion.[3]
Gaia BH3 was found to be part of a disrupted star cluster of low mass and this star cluster is today a halo stellar stream, called ED-2. This stellar stream is very old, with an age comparable to the globular cluster Messier 92. This means that Gaia BH3 likely formed more than 13 billion years ago and the black hole might have formed via direct collapse of a massive star. Alternatively the black hole could have formed via binary interaction inside the star cluster. The ED-2 star cluster has a mass between 2,000 M☉ and 42,000 M☉.[7]
Discovery
Gaia BH3 was identified in astrometric observations with Gaia, during an analysis in preparation for Data Release 4. It was announced with the publication of a scientific paper in the journal Astronomy & Astrophysics on 16 April 2024.[3][8]
See also
References
- ↑ Roman, Nancy G. (1987). "Identification of a constellation from a position". Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific 99 (617): 695. doi:10.1086/132034. Bibcode: 1987PASP...99..695R Constellation record for this object at VizieR.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Vallenari, A. et al. (2022). "Gaia Data Release 3. Summary of the content and survey properties". Astronomy & Astrophysics. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202243940 Gaia DR3 record for this source at VizieR.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8 Panuzzo, P.; Mazeh, T.; Arenou, F.; Holl, B.; Caffau, E. (2024). "Discovery of a dormant 33 solar-mass black hole in pre-release Gaia astrometry". The Astrophysical Journal 686: L2. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202449763. Bibcode: 2024A&A...686L...2G.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 Xiao, Guang-Yao; Feng, Fabo; Wang, Song; Li, Kai; Rui, Yicheng; Duan, Xiao-Wei (2025). "Detection of dark companions via the combination of eclipse timing variation, Hipparcos and/Or Gaia astrometry: The cases of V Puppis and CY Ari". The Astrophysical Journal.
- ↑ "LS II +14 13". SIMBAD. Centre de données astronomiques de Strasbourg. http://simbad.u-strasbg.fr/simbad/sim-basic?Ident=LS+II+%2B14+13.
- ↑ Dunham, Will (April 16, 2024). "Astronomers detect Milky Way's second-largest known black hole". Reuters. https://www.reuters.com/science/astronomers-detect-milky-ways-second-largest-known-black-hole-2024-04-16/.
- ↑ Balbinot, E.; Dodd, E.; Matsuno, T.; Lardo, C.; Helmi, A.; Panuzzo, P.; Mazeh, T.; Holl, B. et al. (April 2024). "The 33 M ⊙ black hole Gaia BH3 is part of the disrupted ED-2 star cluster". Astronomy & Astrophysics 687: L3. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202450425. Bibcode: 2024A&A...687L...3B.
- ↑ "Most massive stellar black hole in our galaxy found". 16 April 2024. https://www.eso.org/public/news/eso2408/.
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