Astronomy:List of nearest known black holes

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Short description: Closest gravitational singularities to Earth
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This is a list of known black holes that are close to the Solar System, which is the planetary system Earth is part of.

It is thought that most black holes are solitary, but black holes in binary or larger systems are much easier to detect.[1] Solitary black holes can generally only be detected by measuring their gravitational distortion of the light from more distant objects. As of February 2022, only one isolated black hole has been confirmed, OGLE-2011-BLG-0462, around 5,200 light-years away.[2]

The nearest known black hole is Gaia BH1, which was discovered in September 2022 by a team led by Kareem El-Badry. Gaia BH1 is 1,560 light-years away from Earth in the direction of the constellation Ophiuchus.[3]

For comparison, the nearest star to the Sun is about 4.24 light years away, and the Milky Way galaxy is approximately 100,000 light years in diameter.

List

Distance System Component Notes and additional references
(ly) (kpc) Designation Description Right ascension[4]
(Epoch J2000.0) 		Declination[4]
(Epoch J2000.0) 		Disco­very
date[5] 		Desig­nation Stel­lar
class 		Mass
(M☉)
1560±10 0.478±0.005 Gaia BH1 (TIC 125470397) Binary system with orbit t=185.63 d and eccentricity e=0.45[3]  17h 28m 41.09s −00° 34′ 51.93″ 2022 A BH 9.78 [3]
B G 0.93
3800±80 1.16±0.02 Gaia BH2 (Gaia DR3 5870569352746779008) Binary system with orbit t=1276.7 d and eccentricity e=0.518  13h 50m 16.728s −59° 14′ 20.42″ 2023 A BH 8.93 [6][7]
B K III 1.07
4700±800 1.44±0.25 A0620-00 (V616 Mon) Binary star system with orbit t=7.75 h  06h 22m 44.503s[8] −00° 20′ 44.72″[8] 1986 A BH 11.0±1.9 Low-mass X-ray binary
B K[9] 0.5±0.3
5150±590 1.58±0.18 MOA-2011-BLG-191 or OGLE-2011-BLG-0462 Isolated black hole detected by microlensing[2]  17h 51m 40.2082s −29° 53′ 26.50″ 2022 BH 7.1±1.3 First confirmed black hole detected via microlensing
5400+6900
−1900 		1.7±1.4 GRS 1124-683 (GU Muscae) Binary star system with orbit t=10.38 h  11h 26m 26.60s −68° 40′ 32.3″ 1991 Jan 20 A BH 6.95±1.1
B K 0.9±0.3
5720±300 1.7±0.1 XTE J1118+480  11h 18m 11s 48° 02′ 13″ 2000 A BH 6–6.5
B M 0.2
7300±200 2.25±0.08 Cygnus X-1 (Cyg X-1) Binary star system with orbit t=5.6 d  19h 58m 21.676s[10] +35° 12′ 05.78″[10] 1971 April–May Cyg X-1 BH 15±1 The first X-ray source widely accepted to be a black hole.
HDE 226868 O[11] 30±10
7800±460 2.39±0.14 V404 Cygni Binary star system with orbit t=6.5 d  20h 24m 03.83s[12] +33° 52′ 02.2″[12] 1989 May 22 A BH 9 First black hole to have an accurate parallax measurement of its distance from our solar system
B K[4] 0.7 Early K giant star
8100±1000 2.49±0.30 GRO J0422+32 Binary star system with orbit t=5.09 h  04h 21m 42.723s +32° 54′ 26.94″ 1992 Aug 5 A BH 3.97±0.95
B M1 0.5±0.1
8150 2.5 MACHO-96-BLG-5 Candidate isolated black hole detected by microlensing[13]  18h 05m 2.50s −27° 42′ 17″ 2001 BH 5.30+1.14
−0.96 		Very good candidate, parameters listed are of best fit
8800±2300 2.7±0.7 GS 2000+25  20h 02m 50s +25° 14′ 11″ 1988 A BH 7.5
B M 0.5
9260+6330
−5450 		2.84+1.94
−1.67 		Gaia 18cbf Candidate isolated mass-gap black hole detected by microlensing[14]  16h 04m 38.862s −41° 06′ 17.32″ 2022 BH 2.65+5.09
−1.48 		Best fit. Second best fit has a mass of 1.71 MSol, which would make it a neutron star
11100±700 3.4±0.2 Cygnus X-3 Binary star system with orbit t=4.8 h  20h 32m 25.766s +40° 57′ 28.26″ 1967 Cyg X-3 BH 2.4+2.1
−1.1
[15]
V1521 Cyg WN 10.3+3.9
−2.8
[15]
11 400 3.5 MACHO-98-BLG-6 Candidate isolated mass-gap black hole detected by microlensing[13]  17h 57m 32.80s −28° 42′ 45″ 2001 BH 3.17+0.52
−0.48 		Very good candidate, parameters listed are of best fit
11900±3600 3.7±1.1 GRO J1655-40 Binary star system with orbit t = 2.6 d  16h 54m 00.137s −39° 50′ 44.90″ 1994 A BH 5.31±0.07
V1033 Sco F5IV 1.9±0.3
25600±600 7.86±0.2 Sagittarius A* Supermassive black hole  17h 45m 40.0409s −29° 0′ 28.118″ 1974 BH 4154000 ± 14000 Center of the Galaxy
29700±2700 9.1±0.8 4U 1543-475 Binary star system with orbit t = 26.8 h  15h 47m 08.277s −47° 40′ 10.28″ 1971 A BH 9.4±2.0
B A2V 2.7±1.0

See also

References

  1. ↑ "ESO Instrument Finds Closest Black Hole to Earth". European Southern Observatory. May 6, 2020. https://www.eso.org/public/news/eso2007/. 
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Sahu, Kailash C. (Jan 31, 2022). "An Isolated Stellar-mass Black Hole Detected through Astrometric Microlensing". The Astrophysical Journal 933 (1): 83. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ac739e. Bibcode: 2022ApJ...933...83S. 
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 El-Badry, Kareem; Rix, Hans-Walter; Quataert, Eliot; Howard, Andrew W.; Isaacson, Howard; Fuller, Jim; Hawkins, Keith; Breivik, Katelyn et al. (2023). "A Sun-like star orbiting a black hole". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 518: 1057–1085. doi:10.1093/mnras/stac3140. 
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 "The One Hundred Nearest Star Systems". GSU. 2007-09-17. http://www.astro.gsu.edu/RECONS/TOP100.posted.htm. 
  5. ↑ Before 1900: earliest certain recorded observation. 1900–1930: first catalogued. After 1930: earliest trigonometric or spectroscopic parallax.
  6. ↑ Tanikawa, Ataru; Hattori, Kohei; Kawanaka, Norita; Kinugawa, Tomoya; Shikauchi, Minori; Tsuna, Daichi (2023). "Search for a Black Hole Binary in Gaia DR3 Astrometric Binary Stars with Spectroscopic Data". The Astrophysical Journal 946 (2): 79. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/acbf36. Bibcode: 2023ApJ...946...79T. 
  7. ↑ El-Badry, Kareem et al. (February 2023). "A red giant orbiting a black hole". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 521 (3): 4323–4348. doi:10.1093/mnras/stad799. 
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 Liu, Q.Z.; Paradijs, J.; van den Heuvel, E.P.J. (July 2007), "A Catalogue of low-mass X-ray binaries in the Galaxy, LMC, and SMC (Fourth edition)", Astronomy and Astrophysics 469 (2): 807–810, doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20077303, Bibcode: 2007A&A...469..807L 
  9. ↑ Yungelson, L.; Lasota, J.-P. (May 2008), "Evolution of low-mass binaries with black-hole components", New Astronomy Reviews 51 (10–12): 860–868, doi:10.1016/j.newar.2008.03.017, Bibcode: 2008NewAR..51..860Y 
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 van Leeuwen, Floor (November 2007), "Validation of the new Hipparcos reduction", Astronomy and Astrophysics 474 (2): 653–664, doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20078357, Bibcode: 2007A&A...474..653V 
  11. ↑ Sota, A.; Apellániz, J. Maíz; Walborn, N.R.; Alfaro, E.J.; Barbá, R.H.; Morrell, N.I.; Gamen, R.C.; Arias, J.I. (April 2011), "The Galactic O-Star Spectroscopic Survey. I. Classification System and Bright Northern Stars in the Blue-violet at R ~ 2500", The Astrophysical Journal Supplement 193 (2): 24–74, doi:10.1088/0067-0049/193/2/24, Bibcode: 2011ApJS..193...24S 
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 Cutri, Roc M.; Skrutskie, Michael F.; Van Dyk, Schuyler D.; Beichman, Charles A.; Carpenter, John M.; Chester, Thomas; Cambresy, Laurent; Evans, Tracey E. et al. (2003). "VizieR Online Data Catalog: 2MASS All-Sky Catalog of Point Sources (Cutri+ 2003)". CDS/ADC Collection of Electronic Catalogues 2246: II/246. Bibcode: 2003yCat.2246....0C. http://vizier.u-strasbg.fr/viz-bin/VizieR?-source=II/246. 
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 Abdurrahman, Fatima N.; Stephens, Haynes F.; Lu, Jessica R. (2021-05-01). "On the Possibility of Stellar Lenses in the Black Hole Candidate Microlensing Events MACHO-96-BLG-5 and MACHO-98-BLG-6". The Astrophysical Journal 912 (2): 146. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/abee83. ISSN 0004-637X. Bibcode: 2021ApJ...912..146A. 
  14. ↑ Kruszyńska, K.; Wyrzykowski, Ł.; Rybicki, K. A.; Maskoliūnas, M.; Bachelet, E.; Rattenbury, N.; Mróz, P.; Zieliński, P. et al. (2022-06-01). "Lens parameters for Gaia18cbf - a long gravitational microlensing event in the Galactic plane". Astronomy and Astrophysics 662: A59. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202142602. ISSN 0004-6361. Bibcode: 2022A&A...662A..59K. https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2022A&A...662A..59K. 
  15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 Zdziarski, A. A.; Mikołajewska, J.; Belczyński, K. (2013). "Cyg X-3: A low-mass black hole or a neutron star". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 429: L104–L108. doi:10.1093/mnrasl/sls035. Bibcode: 2013MNRAS.429L.104Z. 



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