Astronomy:Gliese 105

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Short description: Triple star system in the constellation Cetus

Coordinates: Sky map 02h 36m 04.89466s, +06° 53′ 12.7466″

Gliese 105
Gliese 105 is located in the constellation Cetus.
Gliese 105 is located in the constellation Cetus.
Gliese 105
Location of Gliese 105 in the constellation Cetus

Observation data
{{#ifeq:J2000|J2000.0 (ICRS)|Epoch J2000.0      Equinox J2000.0 (ICRS)| Epoch J2000      [[Astronomy:Equinox (celestial coordinates)|Equinox J2000}}
Constellation Cetus[1]
Gliese 105 A
Right ascension  02h 36m 04.9013s[2]
Declination +06° 53′ 12.384″[2]
Apparent magnitude (V) 5.83[3]
Gliese 105 B
Right ascension  02h 36m 15.2669s[4]
Declination +06° 52′ 17.916″[4]
Apparent magnitude (V) 11.64 - 11.68[5]
Gliese 105 C
Right ascension  02h 36m 04.81s[6]
Declination +06° 53′ 15.0″[6]
Apparent magnitude (V) 16.77[7]
Characteristics
Gliese 105 AC
Spectral type K3 V[3] + M7 V[8]
U−B color index +0.800[9]
B−V color index +0.972[9]
Gliese 105 B
Spectral type M3.5 V[10]
U−B color index +1.10[11]
B−V color index +1.61[11]
Variable type BY Dra[5]
Astrometry
Gliese 105 A
Radial velocity (Rv)+25.21±0.14[2] km/s
Proper motion (μ) RA: +1,778.585[2] mas/yr
Dec.: +1,477.306[2] mas/yr
Parallax (π)138.3400 ± 0.3177[2] mas
Distance23.58 ± 0.05 ly
(7.23 ± 0.02 pc)
Absolute magnitude (MV)6.50[12]
Gliese 105 B
Radial velocity (Rv)+26.10±0.28[4] km/s
Proper motion (μ) RA: +1,801.671 mas/yr
Dec.: +1,450.487 mas/yr
Parallax (π)138.4371 ± 0.0420[4] mas
Distance23.560 ± 0.007 ly
(7.223 ± 0.002 pc)
Orbit
Period (P)68.0+4.8
−4.2[13] yr
Semi-major axis (a)16.06+0.81
−0.72 au[13]
Eccentricity (e)0.617±0.014[13]
Inclination (i)47.17+0.84
−0.80[13]°
Longitude of the node (Ω)126.7±0.3[10]°
Periastron epoch (T)2458221±4 JD[10]
Argument of periapsis (ω)
(primary)		135.3±0.3[10]°
Semi-amplitude (K1)
(primary)		706.1±1.0[10] km/s
Details[10]
Gliese 105 A
Mass0.80±0.04[13] M☉
Radius0.730+0.023
−0.022 R☉
Luminosity (bolometric)0.2734+0.0087
−0.0085 L☉
Surface gravity (log g)4.579+0.025
−0.024 cgs
Temperature4886+72
−71 K
Metallicity [Fe/H]−0.090+0.072
−0.070 dex
Age11.0+1.6
−2.4 Gyr
Gliese 105 C
Mass0.0973+0.0037
−0.0036[13] M☉
Radius0.1329+0.0057
−0.0055 R☉
Luminosity (bolometric)0.000758±0.000033 L☉
Surface gravity (log g)5.245+0.043
−0.041 cgs
Temperature2626±50 K
Age11.0+1.6
−2.4 Gyr
Gliese 105 B
Mass0.277±0.024 M☉
Radius0.289+0.012
−0.011 R☉
Luminosity (bolometric)0.00795±0.00023 L☉
Surface gravity (log g)4.957+0.036
−0.035 cgs
Temperature3205±59 K
Metallicity [Fe/H]−0.01+0.11
−0.10 dex
Age11.0+1.6
−2.4 Gyr
Other designations
GJ 105, CCDM J02361+0653[14]
Gliese 105 AC: BD+06 398, FK5 1073, HD 16160, HIP 12114, HR 753, SAO 110636, G 73-70, G 76-11, LFT 217, LHS 15, LTT 10858[15]
Gliese 105 B: BX Cet, G 73-71, G 76-12, LFT 218, LHS 16, LTT 10859[16]
Database references
SIMBADGl 105
Gl 105 A
Gl 105 B
Gl 105 C

Gliese 105 (also known as 268 G. Ceti) is a triple star system in the constellation of Cetus. It is located relatively near the Sun at a distance of 23.6 light-years (7.2 parsecs).[2][4] Despite this, even the brightest component is barely visible with the unaided eye (see Bortle scale). No planets have yet been detected around any of the stars in this system.

Gliese 105 A (left) and C (right).

This is a triple system with three stars that are all less massive than the Sun. The brightest component is designated HD 16160, and is known as Gliese 105 A. It is a K-type main-sequence star,[3] about 70% the mass of the Sun.[17] This star is unusual because its eruptions appear to not conform to the Waldmeier effect—i.e., the strongest eruptions of HD 16160 are not the ones characterized by the fast eruption onset.[18]

A nearby star has a similar proper motion to Gliese 105 A, so it is assumed to be physically associated with the primary, and is known as Gliese 105 B. The two have an estimated separation of 1,200 astronomical units (au). In 1994, Edward W. Weis announced that component B is a variable star.[19] In 1997 it was given its variable star designation, BX Ceti.[20] It is a BY Draconis variable star whose brightness varies between 11.64 and 11.68 magnitudes.[5]

A third companion, known as Gliese 105 C, lies much closer to A, currently at a distance of approximately 24 au.[8] The pair A-C have an estimated orbital period of about 70 years.[21] While detected directly, Gliese 105 C has also been observed to perturb Gliese 105 A from its usual position;[8] from that, its orbit is estimated to have a high eccentricity of around 0.64 and a semimajor axis of 17 au.[21] Gliese 105 C is an extremely faint red dwarf.[8] It is roughly 8 to 9 percent the mass of the Sun, and it is about 20,000 times fainter than its parent star in visible light—at a distance of 1 au (the distance from the Earth to the Sun) it would only be four times brighter than the full moon.[22]

See also

References

  1. ↑ Roman, Nancy G. (1987). "Identification of a constellation from a position". Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific 99 (617): 695. doi:10.1086/132034. Bibcode: 1987PASP...99..695R  Constellation record for this object at VizieR.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 Vallenari, A. et al. (2022). "Gaia Data Release 3. Summary of the content and survey properties". Astronomy & Astrophysics. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202243940  Gaia DR3 record for this source at VizieR.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 van Belle, Gerard T.; von Braun, Kaspar (2009). "Directly Determined Linear Radii and Effective Temperatures of Exoplanet Host Stars". The Astrophysical Journal 694 (2): 1085–1098. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/694/2/1085. Bibcode: 2009ApJ...694.1085V. 
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 Vallenari, A. et al. (2022). "Gaia Data Release 3. Summary of the content and survey properties". Astronomy & Astrophysics. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202243940  Gaia DR3 record for this source at VizieR.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Samus, N. N. et al. (2009). "VizieR Online Data Catalog: General Catalogue of Variable Stars (Samus+ 2007-2013)". VizieR On-line Data Catalog: B/GCVS. Originally Published in: 2009yCat....102025S 1. Bibcode: 2009yCat....102025S. 
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Bakos, Gáspár Á.; Sahu, Kailash C.; Németh, Péter (2002). "Revised Coordinates and Proper Motions of the Stars in the Luyten Half-Second Catalog". The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series 141 (1): 187. doi:10.1086/340115. Bibcode: 2002ApJS..141..187B. 
  7. ↑ Mason, Brian D.; Wycoff, Gary L.; Hartkopf, William I.; Douglass, Geoffrey G.; Worley, Charles E. (2001). "The 2001 US Naval Observatory Double Star CD-ROM. I. The Washington Double Star Catalog". The Astronomical Journal 122 (6): 3466. doi:10.1086/323920. Bibcode: 2001AJ....122.3466M. 
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 Golimowski, David A. et al. (2000). "The Very Low Mass Component of the Gliese 105 System". The Astronomical Journal 120 (4): 2082–2088. doi:10.1086/301567. Bibcode: 2000AJ....120.2082G. 
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 González-Hernández, J. I.; Bonifacio, P. (2009). "A new implementation of the infrared flux method using the 2MASS catalogue". Astronomy & Astrophysics 497 (2): 497. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/200810904. Bibcode: 2009A&A...497..497G. 
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 10.3 10.4 10.5 Dedrick, Cayla M.; Wright, Jason T.; Eastman, Jason D. et al. (May 2025). "Three-dimensional Orbit and Dynamical Masses of GJ 105 AC" (in en). The Astrophysical Journal 985 (2): 255. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/adc564. ISSN 0004-637X. Bibcode: 2025ApJ...985..255D. 
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 Mermilliod, J.-C. (1986). "Compilation of Eggen's UBV data, transformed to UBV (unpublished)". Catalogue of Eggen's UBV Data. Bibcode: 1986EgUBV........0M. 
  12. ↑ Cardini, D. (January 2005). "Mg II chromospheric radiative loss rates in cool active and quiet stars". Astronomy and Astrophysics 430: 303–311. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20041440. Bibcode: 2005A&A...430..303C. 
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 13.2 13.3 13.4 13.5 An, Qier; Brandt, Timothy D.; Brandt, G. Mirek; Venner, Alexander (2025-08-11). "Orbits and Masses for 156 Companions from Combined Astrometry and Radial Velocities, and A Validation of Gaia Non-Single Star Solutions". The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series 280 (2): 61. doi:10.3847/1538-4365/adfa99. 
  14. ↑ Gould, Benjamin Apthorp (1879). "Uranometria Argentina catalog of bright southern stars". Resultados del Observatorio Nacional Argentino en Cordoba (Buenos Aires) 1. Bibcode: 1879RNAO....1.....G. http://vizier.u-strasbg.fr/viz-bin/VizieR?-source=V%2F135%2Fcatalog. Retrieved 2012-05-08. 
  15. ↑ "GJ 105 A". SIMBAD. Centre de données astronomiques de Strasbourg. http://simbad.u-strasbg.fr/simbad/sim-basic?Ident=GJ+105+A. 
  16. ↑ "GJ 105 B". SIMBAD. Centre de données astronomiques de Strasbourg. http://simbad.u-strasbg.fr/simbad/sim-basic?Ident=GJ+105+B. 
  17. ↑ Ghezzi, L.; Cunha, K.; Smith, V. V.; De Araújo, F. X.; Schuler, S. C.; de la Reza, R. (2010). "Stellar Parameters and Metallicities of Stars Hosting Jovian and Neptunian Mass Planets: A Possible Dependence of Planetary Mass on Metallicity". The Astrophysical Journal 720 (2): 1290–1302. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/720/2/1290. Bibcode: 2010ApJ...720.1290G. 
  18. ↑ Garg, Suyog; Karak, Bidya Binay; Egeland, Ricky; Soon, Willie; Baliunas, Sallie (2019). "Waldmeier Effect in Stellar Cycles". The Astrophysical Journal 886 (2): 132. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ab4a17. Bibcode: 2019ApJ...886..132G. 
  19. ↑ Weis, Edward W. (March 1994). "Long Term Variability in Dwarf M Stars". Astronomical Journal 107: 1135–1140. doi:10.1086/116925. Bibcode: 1994AJ....107.1135W. 
  20. ↑ Kazarovets, E. V.; Samus, N. N. (April 1997). "The 73rd Name-List of Variable Stars". Information Bulletin on Variable Stars 4471: 1–45. Bibcode: 1997IBVS.4471....1K. https://ibvs.konkoly.hu/pub/ibvs/4401/4471.pdf. Retrieved 25 January 2025. 
  21. ↑ 21.0 21.1 Feng, Fabo; Butler, R Paul; Jones, Hugh R A.; Phillips, Mark W.; Vogt, Steven S.; Oppenheimer, Rebecca; Holden, Bradford; Burt, Jennifer et al. (2021). "Optimized modelling of Gaia–Hipparcos astrometry for the detection of the smallest cold Jupiter and confirmation of seven low-mass companions". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 507 (2): 2856–2868. doi:10.1093/mnras/stab2225. Bibcode: 2021MNRAS.507.2856F. 
  22. ↑ "A Really Cool Star: The Dim, Low-Temperature GL 105C". HubbleSite. 14 September 1995. http://hubblesite.org/image/329/news_release/1995-33. 



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