Astronomy:Gliese 357

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Short description: Red dwarf with low starspot activity in the Hydra constellation
Gliese 357
Image showing a red star and three planets. GJ357d is green and covered with life.
Artist concept of the Gliese 357 (GJ357) system.
Credit: Jack Madden
Observation data
Equinox J2000.0]] (ICRS)
Constellation Hydra[1]
Right ascension  09h 36m 01.63722s[2]
Declination −21° 39′ 38.8776″[2]
Apparent magnitude (V) 10.906[3]
Characteristics
Evolutionary stage main sequence[4]
Spectral type M2.5V[5]
Astrometry
Radial velocity (Rv)−35.03±0.17[2] km/s
Proper motion (μ) RA: 138.722(23)[2] mas/yr
Dec.: −990.342(20)[2] mas/yr
Parallax (π)105.9789 ± 0.0227[2] mas
Distance30.776 ± 0.007 ly
(9.436 ± 0.002 pc)
Absolute magnitude (MV)+11.13[6]
Details
Mass0.362[4] M☉
Radius0.333[6] R☉
Luminosity0.014[7] L☉
Surface gravity (log g)4.96[4] cgs
Temperature3,488[4] K
Metallicity [Fe/H]−0.14[4] dex
Rotation74.3±1.7 d[8]
Rotational velocity (v sin i)2.5[4] km/s
Other designations
HIP 47103, 2MASS 09360161-2139371
Database references
SIMBADdata
Exoplanet Archivedata

GJ 357 (Gliese 357) is an M-type main sequence star with an unusually low star spot activity.[9] It is located 31 light-years from the Solar System,[10] in the Hydra constellation.[10]

Planetary system

The star has three confirmed exoplanets in its orbit. [11] One of these, Gliese 357 d, is considered to be a "super-Earth" within the circumstellar habitable zone.[12][10][13][14]

Transmission spectroscopy of the planet b with JWST in 2025 found no clear evidence for atmospheric molecules, although a secondary atmosphere is considered likely to exist.[15] Similarly, another 2025 analysis of the JWST transmission spectrum found no atmospheric molecules, but was able to rule out an atmosphere composed mainly of low-molar mass molecules (less than 8 g/mol) and an abundance of metals less than 300 times that of the Sun.[16]

The Gliese 357 planetary system[17]
Companion
(in order from star) 		Mass Semimajor axis
(AU) 		Orbital period
(days) 		Eccentricity Inclination Radius
b 1.84±0.31 M⊕ 0.035±0.002 3.93072+0.00008
−0.00006 		0.047+0.059−0.047 89.12+0.37
−0.31° 		1.217+0.084
−0.083 R⊕
c ≥3.40±0.46 M⊕ 0.061±0.004 9.1247+0.0011
−0.0010 		0.072±0.053 — —
d ≥6.1±1.0 M⊕ 0.204±0.015 55.661±0.055 0.033+0.057−0.033 — —

References

  1. ↑ Roman, Nancy G. (1987). "Identification of a constellation from a position". Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific 99 (617): 695. doi:10.1086/132034. Bibcode: 1987PASP...99..695R  Constellation record for this object at VizieR.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 Vallenari, A. et al. (2022). "Gaia Data Release 3. Summary of the content and survey properties". Astronomy & Astrophysics. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202243940  Gaia DR3 record for this source at VizieR.
  3. ↑ Koen, C.; Kilkenny, D.; Van Wyk, F.; Marang, F. (2010). "UBV(RI)C JHK observations of Hipparcos-selected nearby stars". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 403 (4): 1949. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2009.16182.x. Bibcode: 2010MNRAS.403.1949K. 
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 Passegger, V. M.; Reiners, Ansgar; Jeffers, S. V.; Wende-von Berg, S.; Schöfer, P.; Caballero, J. A.; Schweitzer, A.; Amado, P. J. et al. (2018). "The CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs. Photospheric parameters of target stars from high-resolution spectroscopy". Astronomy and Astrophysics 615: A6. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201732312. Bibcode: 2018A&A...615A...6P. 
  5. ↑ Gray, R. O.; Corbally, C. J.; Garrison, R. F.; McFadden, M. T.; Bubar, E. J.; McGahee, C. E.; O'Donoghue, A. A.; Knox, E. R. (2006). "Contributions to the Nearby Stars (NStars) Project: Spectroscopy of Stars Earlier than M0 within 40 pc-The Southern Sample". The Astronomical Journal 132 (1): 161–170. doi:10.1086/504637. Bibcode: 2006AJ....132..161G. 
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Houdebine, E. R.; Mullan, D. J.; Paletou, F.; Gebran, M.; Bubar, E. J.; McGahee, C. E.; O'Donoghue, A. A.; Knox, E. R. (2016). "Rotation-Activity Correlations in K and M Dwarfs. I. Stellar Parameters and Compilations of v sin I and P/Sin I for a Large Sample of Late-K and M Dwarfs". The Astrophysical Journal 822 (2): 97. doi:10.3847/0004-637X/822/2/97. Bibcode: 2016ApJ...822...97H. 
  7. ↑ Morales, J. C.; Ribas, I.; Jordi, C.; McFadden, M. T.; Bubar, E. J.; McGahee, C. E.; O'Donoghue, A. A.; Knox, E. R. (2008). "The effect of activity on stellar temperatures and radii". Astronomy and Astrophysics 478 (2): 507. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20078324. Bibcode: 2008A&A...478..507M. 
  8. ↑ Suárez Mascareño, A.; Rebolo, R.; González Hernández, J. I.; Esposito, M. (2015). "Rotation periods of late-type dwarf stars from time series high-resolution spectroscopy of chromospheric indicators". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 452 (3): 2745–2756. doi:10.1093/mnras/stv1441. Bibcode: 2015MNRAS.452.2745S. 
  9. ↑ Modirrousta-Galian, D.; Stelzer, B.; Magaudda, E.; Maldonado, J.; Güdel, M.; Sanz-Forcada, J.; Edwards, B.; Micela, G. (2020). "A Super-Earth Orbiting an Extremely Inactive Host Star". Astronomy & Astrophysics A113: 641. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202038280. 
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 Reddy, Francis; Center, NASA’s Goddard Space Flight (2019-07-31). "TESS Discovers Habitable Zone Planet in GJ 357 System" (in en-US). https://scitechdaily.com/tess-discovers-habitable-zone-planet-in-gj-357-system/. 
  11. ↑ "The Extrasolar Planet Encyclopaedia — Gj 357 b". Extrasolar Planets Encyclopaedia. 1995. https://exoplanet.eu/catalog/gj_357_b--7109/. Retrieved 2019-08-01. 
  12. ↑ Falconer, Rebecca, Newly uncovered super-Earth 31 light-years away may be habitable , Axios, August 1, 2019
  13. ↑ "Potentially habitable 'super-Earth' discovered just 31 light-years away" (in en). 31 July 2019. https://www.nbcnews.com/mach/science/potentially-habitable-super-earth-discovered-just-31-light-years-away-ncna1037491. 
  14. ↑ Garner, Rob (2019-07-30). "NASA's TESS Helps Find Intriguing New World". http://www.nasa.gov/feature/goddard/2019/confirmation-of-toasty-tess-planet-leads-to-surprising-find-of-promising-world. 
  15. ↑ Taylor, Jake; Radica, Michael; Chatterjee, Richard D.; Hammond, Mark; Meier, Tobias; Aigrain, Suzanne; MacDonald, Ryan J.; Albert, Loic et al. (2025). "JWST NIRISS Transmission Spectroscopy of the Super-Earth GJ 357b, a Favourable Target for Atmospheric Retention". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 540 (4): 3677. doi:10.1093/mnras/staf894. Bibcode: 2025MNRAS.540.3677T. 
  16. ↑ Redai, Jea Adams; Wogan, Nicholas; Wallack, Nicole L.; Alam, Munazza K.; Aguichine, Artyom; Wolfgang, Angie; Wakeford, Hannah R.; Teske, Johanna et al. (2025-07-09). "JWST COMPASS: A NIRSpec G395H Transmission Spectrum of the Super-Earth GJ 357 b". The Astronomical Journal 170 (4): 219. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/adee92. Bibcode: 2025AJ....170..219A. 
  17. ↑ Luque, R. et al. (August 2019). "Planetary system around the nearby M dwarf GJ 357 including a transiting, hot, Earth-sized planet optimal for atmospheric characterization". Astronomy & Astrophysics 628: A39. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201935801. Bibcode: 2019A&A...628A..39L. 



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