Astronomy:List of supernovae

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SN 1054 remnant
(Crab Nebula)

A supernova is an event in which a star destroys itself in an explosion which can briefly become as luminous as an entire galaxy. This list of supernovas of historical significance includes events that were observed prior to the development of photography, and individual events that have been the subject of a scientific paper that contributed to supernova theory.

List of supernovae

In most entries, the year when the supernova was seen is part of the designation (1st column).

Supernova
designation
(year) 		Constellation Observations Apparent
magnitude 		Distance
(light years) 		Type Galaxy Notes
SN 185 Centaurus 7 December 185 −4 (?)[1] 9,100[2] Ia (?) Milky Way Surviving description sketchy; modern estimates of maximum apparent magnitude vary from +4 to −8. The remnant is probably RCW 86, some 8200 ly distant,[3] making it comparable to SN 1572. Some researchers have suggested it was a comet, not a supernova.[4][5]
SN 386 Sagittarius April/May 386 +1.5 14,700 II Milky Way "suggested SN",[6] candidate remnant could be G11.2-0.3.[7][8] There are three suggestions and doubtful if SN at all or classical nova or something else.[9]
SN 393 Scorpius 27 February − 28 March - 22 October − 19 November 393 –0 3,400 II/Ib Milky Way "possible SN",[6] could also be classical nova or something else[9]
SN 1006 Lupus 17 April 1006 - 1 May 1006 –7.5[10] 7,200 Ia Milky Way Widely observed on Earth; in apparent magnitude, the brightest stellar event in recorded history.[11]
SN 1054 Taurus c. 10 July [O.S. c. 4 July] 1054
c. 12 April [O.S. c. 6 April] 1056 		–6[12] 6,500 II Milky Way Remnant is the Crab Nebula with its pulsar (neutron star)
SN 1181 Cassiopeia 4 August 1181 - 6 August 1181 0 7,100 sub-luminous Type Iax supernova Milky Way Remnant is Pa 31 with its hot stellar remnant[13]
SN 1572 Cassiopeia November 1572 –4.0 8,000 Ia Milky Way Tycho's Nova
SN 1604 Ophiuchus 8–9 October 1604 –3 14,000 Ia Milky Way Kepler's Supernova; most recent readily visible supernova within the Milky Way
Cas A,
c. 1680 		Cassiopeia 1680 +5 9,000 IIb Milky Way Apparently never visually conspicuous, due to interstellar dust; but the remnant, Cas A, is the brightest extrasolar radio source in the sky
G1.9+0.3,
cal. 1868 		Sagittarius 1868 (visible light masked by dust) 25,000 Ia Milky Way Located near the Galactic Center; "Posthumously" discovered in 1985; age determined in 2008
SN 1885A Andromeda 20 August 1885 +5.85[14] 2,500,000 Ipec Andromeda Galaxy First observation of an extragalactic supernova
SN 1895B Centaurus 12 December 1895 +8.0[15] 10,900,000 Ia NGC 5253  
SN 1909A Ursa Major January 1909 +12.1 21,000,000 Pinwheel Galaxy (M101) [16][17]
SN 1937C Canes Venatici 24 August 1937 +8.4[15] 13,000,000 Ia IC 4182  
SN 1939C Cepheus 17 July 1939 +13.0 25,200,000 I NGC 6946 (Fireworks Galaxy)  
SN 1940B Coma Berenices 5 May 1940 +12.8 38,000,000 II-P NGC 4725  
SN 1951H Ursa Major 1 September 1951 +17.5 21,000,000 Pinwheel Galaxy (M101) [18]
SN 1961V Perseus 11 July 1961 +12.5 30,000,000 II? NGC 1058 Potential supernova impostor[19]
SN 1970G Ursa Major 30 July 1970 +12.1 21,000,000 II Pinwheel Galaxy (M101) [20][21][22]
SN 1972E Centaurus 13 May 1972 +8.7[23] 10,900,000 Ia NGC 5253 Followed for more than a year; became the prototypical Type Ia supernova
SN 1983N Hydra 3 July 1983 +11.8 15,000,000 Ib Messier 83 First observation of a Type Ib supernova
SN 1986J Andromeda 21 August 1986 +18.4 30,000,000 IIn NGC 891 Bright in the radio frequency range
SN 1987A Dorado 1987 +2.9 160,000 IIpec Large Magellanic Cloud Intense radiation reached Earth on February 23, 1987, 7:35:35 UT. Notable for archival photos of progenitor star and detection of supernova neutrinos. Most recent Local Group supernova
SN 1993J Ursa Major 28 March 1993 +10.7[24] 11,000,000 IIb M81 One of the brightest supernovae in the northern sky since 1954
SN 1994D Virgo 7 March 1994 +15.2 50,000,000 Ia NGC 4526
SN 1998bw Telescopium 26 April 1998 ? 140,000,000 Ic ESO 184-G82 Linked to GRB 980425, which was the first time a gamma-ray burst has been linked to a supernova.
SN 1999eh Lynx 12 October 1999 +18.3 +/- 0.3 84,000,000 I NGC 2770 First supernovae in this galaxy, where 3 more were detected later.
SN 2002bj Lupus 2002 +14.7 160,000,000 IIn NGC 1821 AM Canum Venaticorum-type outburst.[25]
SN 2002dd Ursa Major 2002 +24.0 8,000,000,000 Ia anonymous galaxy Furthest supernova observed through Hubble Deep Field.[26]
SN 2003fg Boötes 2003 4,000,000,000 Ia anonymous galaxy Also known as the "Champagne supernova"
SN 2004am Ursa Major March 2004 11,500,000 II M82 (Cigar Galaxy) [27]
SN 2004dj Camelopardalis 31 July 2004
18:15 		8,000,000 II-P NGC 2403 NGC 2403 is an outlying member of the M81 Group
SN 2213-1745 Aquarius November 2004-June 2005 II
SN 2005ap Coma Berenices 3 March 2005 4,700,000,000 II ? Announced in 2007 to be the brightest supernova up to that point.
SN 2005gj Cetus 27 September 2005 865,000,000 Ia/II-n ? Notable for having characteristics of both Type Ia and Type IIn.
SN 2005gl Pisces 5 October 2005 +16.5 200,000,000 II-n NGC 266 Star could be found on old pictures.[28]
SN 2006gy Perseus 18 September 2006 +15 240,000,000 IIn (*) NGC 1260 Observed by NASA,
*with a peak of over 70 days, possibly a new type.
SN 2006jc Lynx 9 October 2006 77,000,000 Ibn UGC 4904
SN 2007bi Virgo Early 2007 +18.3 Ia anonymous dwarf galaxy Extremely bright and long-lasting, the first good observational match for the pair-instability supernova model postulated for stars of initial mass greater than 140 solar masses (even better than SN 2006gy). The precursor is estimated at 200 solar masses, similar to the first stars of the early universe.[29]
SN 2007uy Lynx 31 December 2007 +16.8 84,000,000 Ibc NGC 2770 Got overshadowed by SN 2008D.
SN 2008D Lynx 9 January 2008 88,000,000 Ibc NGC 2770 First supernova to be observed while it exploded.
MENeaC Abell399.3.14.0 Aries +28.7 1,000,000,000
(z=0.0613) 		Ia anonymous red globular cluster associated with anonymous red elliptical galaxy in cluster Abell 399 Observed in 2009. Supernova associated with a globular cluster[30][31]
SN 2009ip Piscis Austrinus 2009 66,000,000 IIn NGC 7259 In 2009 classified as supernova. Redesignated as Luminous blue variable (LBV) Supernova impostor.[32] In September 2012 classified as a young type IIn supernova.[33]
SN 2010lt Camelopardalis 2 January 2011 +17.0 240,000,000 Ia (sub-luminous) UGC 3378 Discovered by 10-year-old girl, the youngest person to discover a supernova.
SN 2011fe Ursa Major 24 August 2011 +10.0 21,000,000 Ia M101 One of the very few extragalactic supernovae visible in 50mm binoculars.
SN UDS10Wil Cetus April 2013 16,600,000,000 Also Known as SN Wilson.[34]

[35] [36] [37]

SN 2014J Ursa Major Mid January 2014 +10.1 11,500,000 Ia M82 Closest supernova since SN 2004dj in NGC 2403.
SN 2014aa Leo 7 March 2014 310,000,000 Ia NGC 3861 [38][39][40]
SN Refsdal Leo 11 November 2014 14,400,000,000 SP 1149
ASASSN-15ga Virgo 1 April 2015 1,000,000,000 Ia NGC 4866 [41]
ASASSN-15lh SN 2015L Indus 14 June 2015 +16.9 3,800,000,000 Ic APMUKS(BJ) B215839.70−615403.9 Most luminous hypernova ever observed.
IPTF14hls Ursa Major September 2014 +17.7 509,000,000 unknown SDSS J092034.44+504148.7 (possible dwarf galaxy) Unusual supernova
SN 2016aps Draco 22 February 2016 +18.11 3,600,000,000 SLSB-II ? Most luminous supernova-like event to date.
SN 2017gax Dorado 14 August 2017 517,000,000 I NGC 1672
SN 2018gv Puppis 15 January 2018 70,000,000 Ia NGC 2525 [42][43][44][45][46]
SN 2018zd Camelopardalis 2 March 2018 +17.8 70,000,000 Ia-csm NGC 2146 First electron capture supernova ever detected
SN 2018cow Hercules 16 June 2018, 10:35:02 200,000,000 Ib CGCG 137-068 [47]
SN 2019np Leo Minor 9 January 2019 +13.0 75,000,000 Ia NGC 3254 [48][49]
SN 2019hgp Boötes +20.16 920,000,000 Icn First detected supernova of a Wolf-Rayet star[50][51]
SN 2020oi Coma Berenices 7 January 2020 +17.28 46,000,000 Ic Messier 100
SN 2020fqv Virgo 31 March 2020 +19.0 59,400,000 IIb NGC 4568 Earliest known observation of an explosion, 26 hours after[52][53][54]
SN 2020jfo Virgo 6 May 2020 45,610,000 II M61 [55][56][57]
SN 2020tlf Boötes 2020 +15.89 120,000,000 IIn NGC 5731 First red supergiant observed before, during and after explosion; earliest known observation, at 130 days before explosion[58][59]
SN 2021gmj Ursa Major 20 March 2021 +11.2 34,800,000 II-P NGC 3310 [60]
SN 2021hpr Draco April 2, 2021 129,000,000 ± 29 Ia NGC 3147 [61]
SN 2021jad Lepus April 2021 65,000,000 Ia NGC 1964 [62]
SN 2021yja Eridanus 8 September 2021 750,000,000 II NGC 1325[63][64]
SN 2021aefx Dorado 11 November 2021 +17.2 69,000,000 Ia NGC 1566 [65]
SN 2021afdx Sculptor 23 November 2021 +18.8 500,000,000 II Cartwheel Galaxy [66][67]
SN 2022jli Cetus 5 May 2022 +14 75,000,000 type I-c NGC 157
SN 2022aajn Gemini November 2022 600,000,000 Ia [68]
SN 2023ixf Ursa Major 19 May 2023
17:27 		+10.8 21,000,000 type II-L Pinwheel Galaxy (M101)[69] Closest and brightest supernova since SN 2014J
SN 2023rve Fornax 8 September 2023 +13.9 450,000,000 II NGC 1097[70][71][72][73][74] Brightest Supernova Since SN 2023ixf.
SN 2023vyl Pegasus 28 October 2023 783,000,000 Ia NGC 7625 [75][76]
SN 2023abdg Grus 12 December 2023 816,000,000 II NGC 7421 [77]
SN 2023ufx +15.55 II The most metal-poor supernova found to date.[78]
SN H0pe Ursa Major 2023 +23.93 16,100,000,000 (z=1.783) Ia PLCK G165.7+67.0 Arc 1 [79]
SN 2024gy Virgo 4 January 2024 +12.8 55,000,000 Ia NGC 4216 [80]
SN 2024ggi Hydra 11 April 2024 +11.9 21,700,000 II NGC 3621 [81]
SN 2024inv Leo 10 May 2024 +12.1 82,200,000 Ia NGC 3524 [82]
SN 2024muv Virgo 26 June 2024 +12.7 65,000,000 Ia NGC 4699 [83]
SN 2024abfl Camelopardalis 15 November 2024 41,000,000 II NGC 2146 [84]
SN 2025fvw Serpens 26 March 2025 +13.8 100,000,000 Ia NGC 5957 [85]

Supernova statistics

Yearly extragalactic supernovae reported
Year Total Type I Type II LBV
(imposters) 		Brighter than
apmag 13 		Apmag of brightest
Supernova of that year
2024[86] 23766 1675 473 4 5 11.9 (2024ggi in NGC 3621)
2023[87] 19859 1430 417 7 2 10.9 (2023ixf in Messier 101)
2022[88] 21368 1732 396 7 4 12.1 (2022pul in NGC 4415)
2021[89] 23665 1849 465 5 8 12.0 (2021aefx in NGC 1566)
2020[90] 21775 1648 451 7 7 11.8 (2020ue in NGC 4636)
2019[91] 18767 1652 485 9 1 13.0 (2019np in NGC 3254)
2018[92] 9525 1206 332 7 5 12.7 (2018pv in NGC 3941)
2017[93] 8293 746 218 4 3 11.5 (2017cbv in NGC 5643)
2016[94] 7737 681 226 3 0 13.0 (2016coj in NGC 4125)
2015[95] 4474 707 214 4 2 12.9 (2015F in NGC 2442)
2014[96] 2243 528 175 2 3 10.1 (2014J in Messier 82)
2013[97] 1922 498 190 7 6 11.3 (2013aa in NGC 5643)
2012[98] 1223 550 152 8 5 11.9 (2012fr in NGC 1365)
2011[99] 1129 439 160 10 7 9.9 (2011fe in Messier 101)
2010[100] 931 279 135 7 2 12.8 (2010ih in NGC 2325)
2009[101] 576 202 137 1 0 13.0 (2009ig in NGC 1015)
2008[102] 511 251 143 1 3 12.4 (2008ge in NGC 1527)
2007[103] 605 442 130 1 3 12.0 (2007it in NGC 5530)
2006[104] 558 418 124 2 3 12.1 (2006dd in NGC 1316)
2005[105] 385 273 94 1 2 12.3 (2005df in NGC 1559)
2004[106] 343 221 79 0 2 11.2 (2004dj in NGC 2403)
2003[107] 384 198 89 1 1 12.3 (2003hv in NGC 1201)
2002[108] 353 163 64 0 1 12.3 (2002ap in Messier 74)
2001[109] 310 108 75 0 2 12.3 (2001el in NGC 1448)
2000[110] 199 76 49 1 0 13.1 (2000cx in NGC 524)
2000–2023 147,135 16,297
(76.5%)		 5000 95 72

See also

References

  1. ↑ Modern estimates vary widely; see SN 185 for more detail.
  2. ↑ Ksenofontov, L. T.; Berezhko, E. G.; Völk, H. J. (2005-04-01). "Magnetic field amplification in Tycho and other shell-type supernova remnants" (in en). Astronomy & Astrophysics 433 (1): 229–240. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20042015. ISSN 0004-6361. Bibcode: 2005A&A...433..229V. 
  3. ↑ "New evidence links stellar remains to oldest recorded supernova" Chandra X-ray Observatory, released 2006-09-18, revised 2009-02-20, retrieved 2010-02-26.
  4. ↑ "Identification of the Guest Star of AD 185 as a comet rather than a supernova". Nature 371 (6496): 398–399. 1994. doi:10.1038/371398a0. Bibcode: 1994Natur.371..398C. http://mail.tku.edu.tw/einmann/papers/SN185.ps. 
  5. ↑ "The Guest Star of AD185 Must Have Been a Supernova". Chinese Journal of Astronomy and Astrophysics 6 (5): 635–40. 2006. doi:10.1088/1009-9271/6/5/17. Bibcode: 2006ChJAA...6..635Z. 
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 "SNR Cat - U Manitoba". http://snrcat.physics.umanitoba.ca. 
  7. ↑ SEDS. "Supernova 386". http://spider.seds.org/spider/Misc/sn0386.html. 
  8. ↑ National Radio Astronomy Observatory (NRAO). "The Supernova of 386 AD". http://images.nrao.edu/666. 
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 Hoffmann, Susanne M; Vogt, Nikolaus (2020-09-11). "A search for the modern counterparts of the Far Eastern guest stars 369 CE, 386 CE and 393 CE" (in en). Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 497 (2): 1419–1433. doi:10.1093/mnras/staa1970. ISSN 0035-8711. Bibcode: 2020MNRAS.497.1419H. https://academic.oup.com/mnras/article/497/2/1419/5879202. 
  10. ↑ Winkler, P. Frank; Gupta, Gaurav; Long, Knox S. (2003). "The SN 1006 Remnant: Optical Proper Motions, Deep Imaging, Distance, and Brightness at Maximum". The Astrophysical Journal 585 (1): 324–335. doi:10.1086/345985. Bibcode: 2003ApJ...585..324W. 
  11. ↑ "Astronomers Peg Brightness of History's Brightest Star" (Press release). National Optical Astronomy Observatory. 2003-03-05. Archived from the original on 2003-04-02. Retrieved 2009-01-12.
  12. ↑ SEDS, Supernova 1055 – Creation of the Crab Nebula
  13. ↑ Ritter, Andreas; Parker, Quentin A.; Lykou, Foteini; Zijlstra, Albert A.; Guerrero, Martín A.; Le Dû, Pascal (2021-09-01). "The Remnant and Origin of the Historical Supernova 1181 AD". The Astrophysical Journal Letters 918 (2): L33. doi:10.3847/2041-8213/ac2253. ISSN 2041-8205. Bibcode: 2021ApJ...918L..33R. 
  14. ↑ de Vaucouleurs, G.; Corwin Jr., H. G. (1985). "S Andromedae 1885 - A centennial review". Astrophysical Journal 295: 287. doi:10.1086/163374. Bibcode: 1985ApJ...295..287D. 
  15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 "List of Supernovae". Central Bureau for Astronomical Telegrams. Harvard University. http://www.cbat.eps.harvard.edu/lists/Supernovae.html. 
  16. ↑ Wolf, M. (1909). "Var. 6.1909 Ursae majoris". Astronomische Nachrichten 180 (14–15): 245. doi:10.1002/asna.19091801405. Bibcode: 1909AN....180..245W. 
  17. ↑ "SN 1909A". IAU. https://www.wis-tns.org/object/1909A. 
  18. ↑ Bishop, David. "Other Supernovae images, entry for SN 1951H". https://www.rochesterastronomy.org/snimages/snother.html#1951H. 
  19. ↑ Voisey, Jon (5 November 2010). "What was SN 1961V?". Universe Today. http://www.universetoday.com/77535/what-was-sn-1961v/. 
  20. ↑ Stoyan, Ronald Atlas of the Messier Objects, Cambridge University Press 2008 page 329
  21. ↑ Detre, L; Lovas, Miklos (1970). "IAUC 2269". International Astronomical Union Circular (2269): 1. http://www.cbat.eps.harvard.edu/iauc/02200/02269.html. 
  22. ↑ Stienon, Francis; Wdowiak, Thomas (1971). "The Spectrum of the July 1970 Supernova in M101". Information Bulletin on Variable Stars 505: 1. Bibcode: 1971IBVS..505....1S. 
  23. ↑ Ardeberg, A.; de Groot, M. (1973). "The 1972 supernova in NGC 5253. Photometric results from the first observing season". Astronomy & Astrophysics 28: 295–304. Bibcode: 1973A&A....28..295A. 
  24. ↑ J. C. Wheeler; E. Barker; R. Benjamin; J. Boisseau; A. Clocchiatti; G. de Vaucouleurs; N. Gaffney; R. P. Harkness et al. (1993). "Early Observations of SN 1993J in M81 at McDonald Observatory". Astrophysical Journal 417: L71–L74. doi:10.1086/187097. Bibcode: 1993ApJ...417L..71W. 
  25. ↑ Sanders, Robert. "Rapid supernova could be new class of exploding star". UC Newsroom (University of California, Berkeley). http://www.universityofcalifornia.edu/news/article/22291. 
  26. ↑ information@eso.org. "SN2002dd in the HDF North - 2002" (in en). https://esahubble.org/images/opo0312c/. 
  27. ↑ "SN 2004am | Transient Name Server". https://wis-tns.weizmann.ac.il/object/2004am. 
  28. ↑ David Bishop (2005). "Supernova 2005gl in NGC 266". Central Bureau Electronic Telegrams (Rochester Academy of Science) (250): 1. Bibcode: 2005CBET..250....1P. http://www.rochesterastronomy.org/sn2005/sn2005gl.html. Retrieved 26 August 2012. 
  29. ↑ Science Daily, "Superbright Supernova Is First of Its Kind", 5 December 2009 (accessed 2009-12-15)
  30. ↑ Melissa L. Graham; David J. Sand; Dennis Zaritsky; Chris J. Pritchet (13 May 2015). "Confirmation of Hostless Type Ia Supernovae Using Hubble Space Telescope Imaging". The Astrophysical Journal 807 (1): 83. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/807/1/83. Bibcode: 2015ApJ...807...83G. 
  31. ↑ Robert Sanders (4 June 2015). "Exiled stars explode far from home". UC Berkeley News Center. https://newscenter.berkeley.edu/2015/06/04/exiled-stars-explode-far-from-home/. 
  32. ↑ "Supernova impostor explodes for real". https://www.newscientist.com/article/dn22345-astrophile-supernova-impostor-explodes-for-real/. 
  33. ↑ Maza, J.; Hamuy, M.; Antezana, R.; Gonzalez, L.; Lopez, P.; Silva, S.; Folatelli, G.; Iturra, D. et al. (2009). "Supernova 2009ip in NGC 7259". Central Bureau Electronic Telegrams (1928): 1. Bibcode: 2009CBET.1928....1M. http://www.rochesterastronomy.org/sn2009/sn2009ip.html. Retrieved November 29, 2017. 
  34. ↑ Major, Jason (5 April 2013). "Hubble Spots the Most Distant Supernova Ever". Discovery Channel. http://news.discovery.com/space/galaxies/hubble-spots-the-most-distant-supernova-ever-130405.htm. 
  35. ↑ Yglesias, Matthew (2013-04-04). "Exploding stars: Supernova found is most distant of its kind yet". Slate.com. http://www.slate.com/blogs/bad_astronomy/2013/04/04/exploding_stars_supernova_found_is_most_distant_of_its_kind_yet.html. 
  36. ↑ "Hubble breaks record for furthest supernova" (in en). 2013-04-04. https://esahubble.org/news/heic1306/. 
  37. ↑ Jones, David O.; Rodney, Steven A.; Riess, Adam G.; Mobasher, Bahram; Dahlen, Tomas; McCully, Curtis; Frederiksen, Teddy F.; Casertano, Stefano et al. (25 April 2013). "The Discovery of the Most Distant Known Type Ia Supernova at Redshift 1.914". The Astrophysical Journal 768 (2): 166. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/768/2/166. ISSN 0004-637X. Bibcode: 2013ApJ...768..166J. https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0004-637X/768/2/166. 
  38. ↑ "Bright Supernovae - 2014.". http://rochesterastronomy.org/sn2014/index.html#2014aa. 
  39. ↑ "SN 2014aa | Transient Name Server" (in en). https://wis-tns.weizmann.ac.il/object/2014aa. 
  40. ↑ "2014aa - The Open Supernova Catalog" (in en-US). https://sne.space/sne/2014aa/. 
  41. ↑ Piascik, A. S.; Steele, I. A. (2015-01-01). "ATel #7333: Spectral Classification of ASASSN-15ga in NGC4866". The Astronomer's Telegram. http://www.astronomerstelegram.org/?read=7333. Retrieved 2021-02-02. 
  42. ↑ "SN 2018gv". IAU. https://www.wis-tns.org/object/2018gv. 
  43. ↑ Siebert, M. R.; Dimitriadis, G.; Foley, R. J. (2018). "Spectroscopic Classification of SN 2018gv with Keck I/LRIS". The Astronomer's Telegram 11175: 1. Bibcode: 2018ATel11175....1S. http://www.astronomerstelegram.org/?read=11175. 
  44. ↑ Bufano, F.; Berton, M.; Vogl, C.; Floers, A.; Taubenberger, S.; Anderson, J.; Galbany, L.; Schulze, S. et al. (2018). "EPESSTO spectroscopic classification of optical transients: SN2018gv a very young SN Ia". The Astronomer's Telegram 11177: 1. Bibcode: 2018ATel11177....1B. https://www.astronomerstelegram.org/?read=11177. 
  45. ↑ (in en) Time-Lapse of Supernova in NGC 2525, https://www.spacetelescope.org/videos/heic2018a/, retrieved 2021-11-05 
  46. ↑ NASA, ESA, J. DePasquale (STScI), M. Kornmesser and M. Zamani (ESA/Hubble), A. Riess (STScI/JHU) and the SH0ES team, and the Digitized Sky Survey (6 October 2020). "Check out this exploding supernova captured by the Hubble telescope". https://www.bbc.co.uk/newsround/av/54416190. "Supernova SN 2018gv" 
  47. ↑ Morris, Amanda (26 May 2020). "Astrophysicists capture new class of transient objects". Phys.org. https://phys.org/news/2020-05-astrophysicists-capture-class-transient.html. 
  48. ↑ "SN 2019np". IAU. https://www.wis-tns.org/object/2019np. 
  49. ↑ Bishop, David. "Bright Supernovae - 2019". https://www.rochesterastronomy.org/sn2019/index.html. 
  50. ↑ Gal-Yam, A.; Bruch, R.; Schulze, S.; Yang, Y.; Perley, D. A.; Irani, I.; Sollerman, J.; Kool, E. C. et al. (12 January 2022). "A WC/WO star exploding within an expanding carbon–oxygen–neon nebula" (in en). Nature 601 (7892): 201–204. doi:10.1038/s41586-021-04155-1. ISSN 1476-4687. PMID 35022591. Bibcode: 2022Natur.601..201G. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-021-04155-1. 
  51. ↑ "Astronomers discover first supernova explosion of a Wolf-Rayet star" (in en). 12 January 2022. https://www.iac.es/en/outreach/news/astronomers-discover-first-supernova-explosion-wolf-rayet-star. 
  52. ↑ Jenner, Lynn (2021-10-19). "Hubble Gives Unprecedented, Early View of a Doomed Star's Destruction". http://www.nasa.gov/feature/goddard/2021/hubble-gives-unprecedented-early-view-of-a-doomed-stars-destruction. 
  53. ↑ Gough, Evan (2021-10-29). "Quick Action Let Hubble Watch the Earliest Stages of an Unfolding Supernova Detonation" (in en-US). https://www.universetoday.com/153114/quick-action-let-hubble-watch-the-earliest-stages-of-an-unfolding-supernova-detonation/. 
  54. ↑ Tinyanont, Samaporn; Ridden-Harper, R; Foley, R J; Morozova, V; Kilpatrick, C D; Dimitriadis, G; DeMarchi, L; Gagliano, A et al. (2021-10-26). "Progenitor and close-in Circumstellar Medium of Type II Supernova 2020fqv from high-cadence photometry and ultra-rapid UV spectroscopy". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 512 (stab2887): 2777–2797. doi:10.1093/mnras/stab2887. ISSN 0035-8711. 
  55. ↑ Sollerman, J. (2021-07-30). "The Type II supernova SN 2020jfo in M 61, implications for progenitor system, and explosion dynamics". Astronomy & Astrophysics 655: A105. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202141374. Bibcode: 2021A&A...655A.105S. 
  56. ↑ Vallely, P.J.; Kocanek, CS; Stanek, KZ; Fausnaugh, M; Shappee, BJ (February 2021). "High-cadence, early-time observations of core-collapse supernovae from the TESS prime mission". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 500 (4): 5639–5656. doi:10.1093/mnras/staa3675. 
  57. ↑ Jones, DO (2021). "The Young Supernova Experiment: Survey Goals, Overview, and Operations". The Astrophysical Journal 908 (143): 143. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/abd7f5. Bibcode: 2021ApJ...908..143J. 
  58. ↑ Jacobson-Galán, W. V.; Dessart, L.; Jones, D. O.; Margutti, R.; Coppejans, D.L.; Dimitriadis, G.; Foley, R. J.; Kilpatrick, C. D. et al. (6 January 2022). "Final Moments. I. Precursor Emission, Envelope Inflation, and Enhanced Mass Loss Preceding the Luminous Type II Supernova 2020tlf". The Astrophysical Journal (American Astronomical Society) 924 (1): 15. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ac3f3a. Bibcode: 2022ApJ...924...15J. 
  59. ↑ Anderson, Paul Scott (14 January 2022). "Dying star's explosive end seen by astronomers". Deborah Byrd. https://earthsky.org/space/dying-stars-explosive-end-supernova-sn-2020tlf/. 
  60. ↑ "SN 2021gmj". https://www.wis-tns.org/object/2021gmj. 
  61. ↑ Bishop, David (May 13, 2021). "Supernovae 2021jad in NGC 1964". Rochester Academy of Science. https://www.rochesterastronomy.org/sn2021/sn2021jad.html. 
  62. ↑ Bishop, David (May 13, 2021). "Supernovae 2021jad in NGC 1964". Rochester Academy of Science. https://www.rochesterastronomy.org/sn2021/sn2021jad.html. 
  63. ↑ Smith, K. W. et al. (September 2021). "ATLAS21bidw (AT2021yja): discovery of a candidate SN in NGC 1325 (22 Mpc)". Transient Name Server AstroNote 2021-235 235: 1. Bibcode: 2021TNSAN.235....1S. 
  64. ↑ Ryder, S. D. et al. (September 2021). "Radio observations of SN 2021yja". The Astronomer's Telegram 14915: 1. Bibcode: 2021ATel14915....1R. 
  65. ↑ "Bright Supernovae - 2021.". https://www.rochesterastronomy.org/sn2021/index.html#2021aefx. 
  66. ↑ David Bishop (23 November 2021). "2021afdx". https://www.rochesterastronomy.org/supernova.html#2021afdx. 
  67. ↑ "SN 2021afdx". Transient Name Server. IAU Supernova Working Group. 23 November 2021. https://www.wis-tns.org/object/2021afdx. 
  68. ↑ "SN 2022aajn". ESA. https://esahubble.org/images/potw2504a/. 
  69. ↑ O'Callaghan, Jonathan (October 2023). "Out with a Bang". Scientific American 329 (3): 8–11. doi:10.1038/scientificamerican1023-8. PMID 39017247. 
  70. ↑ Odeh, Mohammad (8 September 2023). "AT 2023rve". IAU Supernova Working Group. https://www.wis-tns.org/object/2023rve. 
  71. ↑ Arrizabalaga, P. E.; Ekajouan, H. A.; Álvarez, C. A.; Díaz-Caneja, C. A.; Sánchez, F. B.; López, A. I.; Illanes, G. A. J.; Sánchez, P. J. et al. (2023). "SN 2023rve: Follow-up photometry with LCOGT DeltaRho 350 + QHY600". Transient Name Server Astronote 246: 1. Bibcode: 2023TNSAN.246....1A. https://www.wis-tns.org/astronotes/astronote/2023-246. Retrieved 14 September 2023. 
  72. ↑ Bishop, David (12 September 2023). "Supernovae 2023rve in NGC 1097". Bright Supernovae. https://www.rochesterastronomy.org/sn2023/sn2023rve.html. 
  73. ↑ Otero, Sebastian (12 September 2023). "The International Variable Star Index: SN 2023rve". AAVSO. https://www.aavso.org/vsx/index.php?view=detail.top&oid=2388107. 
  74. ↑ Ghannam, Osama (8 September 2023). "New Supernova is Discovered From the UAE". IAC. https://www.astronomycenter.net/articles/2023/09/10/sn2023rve?l=en. 
  75. ↑ Supernovae 2023vyl in NGC 7625, Astronomy Section, Rochester Academy of Science, January 26, 2024, https://www.rochesterastronomy.org/sn2023/sn2023vyl.html, retrieved 2024-01-28. 
  76. ↑ "SN 2023vyl". IAU. https://www.wis-tns.org/object/2023vyl. 
  77. ↑ "SN 2023abdg", Transient Name Server, https://www.wis-tns.org/object/2023abdg, retrieved 2024-02-04. 
  78. ↑ Tucker, Michael A.; Hinkle, Jason; Angus, Charlotte R.; Auchettl, Katie; Hoogendam, Willem B.; Shappee, Benjamin; Kochanek, Christopher S.; Ashall, Chris et al. (2024). "The Extremely Metal-poor SN 2023ufx: A Local Analog to High-redshift Type II Supernovae" (in en). The Astrophysical Journal 976 (2): 178. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ad8448. ISSN 0004-637X. Bibcode: 2024ApJ...976..178T. 
  79. ↑ Polletta, M.; Nonino, M.; Frye, B. et al. (July 2023). "Spectroscopy of the supernova H0pe host galaxy at redshift 1.78". Astronomy & Astrophysics 675: L4. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202346964. Bibcode: 2023A&A...675L...4P. 
  80. ↑ "SN 2024gy". IAU. https://www.wis-tns.org/object/2024gy. 
  81. ↑ "SN 2024ggi". IAU. https://www.wis-tns.org/object/2024ggi. 
  82. ↑ "SN 2024inv". IAU. https://www.wis-tns.org/object/2024inv. 
  83. ↑ "SN 2024muv". IAU. https://www.wis-tns.org/object/2024muv. 
  84. ↑ "SN 2024abfl". IAU. https://www.wis-tns.org/object/2024abfl. 
  85. ↑ "2025fvw | Transient Name Server". https://www.wis-tns.org/object/2025fvw. 
  86. ↑ David Bishop. "Supernova discovery statistics for 2024". https://www.rochesterastronomy.org/sn2024/snstats.html. Retrieved 2024-03-24. 
  87. ↑ David Bishop. "Supernova discovery statistics for 2023". https://www.rochesterastronomy.org/sn2023/snstats.html. Retrieved 2023-01-11. 
  88. ↑ David Bishop. "Supernova discovery statistics for 2022". https://www.rochesterastronomy.org/sn2022/snstats.html. Retrieved 2023-02-18. 
  89. ↑ David Bishop. "Supernova discovery statistics for 2021". https://www.rochesterastronomy.org/sn2021/snstats.html. Retrieved 2023-02-18. 
  90. ↑ David Bishop. "Supernova discovery statistics for 2020". https://www.rochesterastronomy.org/sn2020/snstats.html. Retrieved 2023-02-18. 
  91. ↑ David Bishop. "Supernova discovery statistics for 2019". https://www.rochesterastronomy.org/sn2019/snstats.html. Retrieved 2023-02-18. 
  92. ↑ David Bishop. "Supernova discovery statistics for 2018". https://www.rochesterastronomy.org/sn2018/snstats.html. Retrieved 2023-02-18. 
  93. ↑ David Bishop. "Supernova discovery statistics for 2017". https://www.rochesterastronomy.org/sn2017/snstats.html. Retrieved 2023-02-20. 
  94. ↑ David Bishop. "Supernova discovery statistics for 2016". https://www.rochesterastronomy.org/sn2016/snstats.html. Retrieved 2023-02-20. 
  95. ↑ David Bishop. "Supernova discovery statistics for 2015". https://www.rochesterastronomy.org/sn2015/snstats.html. Retrieved 2023-02-20. 
  96. ↑ David Bishop. "Supernova discovery statistics for 2014". https://www.rochesterastronomy.org/sn2014/snstats.html. Retrieved 2023-02-20. 
  97. ↑ David Bishop. "Supernova discovery statistics for 2013". https://www.rochesterastronomy.org/sn2013/snstats.html. Retrieved 2023-02-20. 
  98. ↑ David Bishop. "Supernova discovery statistics for 2012". https://www.rochesterastronomy.org/sn2012/snstats.html. Retrieved 2023-02-21. 
  99. ↑ David Bishop. "Supernova discovery statistics for 2011". https://www.rochesterastronomy.org/sn2011/snstats.html. Retrieved 2023-02-21. 
  100. ↑ David Bishop. "Supernova discovery statistics for 2010". https://www.rochesterastronomy.org/sn2010/snstats.html. Retrieved 2023-02-21. 
  101. ↑ David Bishop. "Supernova discovery statistics for 2009". https://www.rochesterastronomy.org/sn2009/snstats.html. Retrieved 2023-02-21. 
  102. ↑ David Bishop. "Supernova discovery statistics for 2008". https://www.rochesterastronomy.org/sn2008/snstats.html. Retrieved 2023-02-21. 
  103. ↑ David Bishop. "Supernova discovery statistics for 2007". https://www.rochesterastronomy.org/sn2007/snstats.html. Retrieved 2023-02-21. 
  104. ↑ David Bishop. "Supernova discovery statistics for 2006". https://www.rochesterastronomy.org/sn2006/snstats.html. Retrieved 2023-02-21. 
  105. ↑ David Bishop. "Supernova discovery statistics for 2005". https://www.rochesterastronomy.org/sn2005/snstats.html. Retrieved 2023-02-23. 
  106. ↑ David Bishop. "Supernova discovery statistics for 2004". https://www.rochesterastronomy.org/sn2004/snstats.html. Retrieved 2023-02-23. 
  107. ↑ David Bishop. "Supernova discovery statistics for 2003". https://www.rochesterastronomy.org/sn2003/snstats.html. Retrieved 2023-02-23. 
  108. ↑ David Bishop. "Supernova discovery statistics for 2002". https://www.rochesterastronomy.org/sn2002/snstats.html. Retrieved 2023-02-23. 
  109. ↑ David Bishop. "Supernova discovery statistics for 2001". https://www.rochesterastronomy.org/sn2001/snstats.html. Retrieved 2023-02-23. 
  110. ↑ David Bishop. "Supernova discovery statistics for 2000". https://www.rochesterastronomy.org/sn2000/snstats.html. Retrieved 2023-02-23. 

Further reading

  • Green, David A. (2015). "Historical Supernova Explosions in Our Galaxy and Their Remnants". in Orchiston, Wayne; Green, David A.; Strom, Richard. 43. Switzerland: Springer International Publishing. pp. 91–100. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-07614-0_7. ISBN 978-3-319-07613-3. 



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