Astronomy:NGC 4214

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NGC 4214
NGC 4214 in Optical and near-infrared, imaged by Hubble's Wide Field Camera 3
Observation data (J2000 epoch)
ConstellationCanes Venatici
Right ascension 12h 15m 39.17s[1]
Declination+36° 19′ 36.8″[1]
Redshift0.000971[1]
Helio radial velocity291±1 km/s[1]
Distance9.72 ± 0.82 Mly (2.979 ± 0.252 Mpc)[1]
Apparent magnitude (V)10.2[1]
Characteristics
TypeIAB(s)m[1]
Size~31,100 ly (9.53 kpc) (estimated)[1]
Apparent size (V)8.4′ × 6.6′[1]
Other designations
KUG 1213+366, IRAS 12131+3636, NGC 4228, UGC 7278, MCG6-27-42, PGC 39225[1]

NGC 4214 is a dwarf barred irregular galaxy located around 10 million light-years[2] away in the constellation Canes Venatici. It was discovered on 28 April 1785 by German-British astronomer William Herschel.[3] NGC 4214 is a member of the M94 Group.

Characteristics

Amateur image of NGC 4214

NGC 4214 is both larger and brighter than the Small Magellanic Cloud[4] as well as a starburst galaxy, with the largest star-forming regions (NGC 4214-I and NGC 4214-II) in the galaxy's center. Of the two, NGC 4214-I contains a super star cluster rich in Wolf–Rayet stars and NGC 4214-II is younger (age less than 3 million years), including a number of star clusters and stellar associations.[5]

NGC 4214 also has two older super star clusters, both with an age of 200 million years and respective masses of 2.6×105 and 1.5×106 solar masses.[6]

Two satellites are known to exist around the vicinity of NGC 4214. One is DDO 113, which has an absolute V-band magnitude of −12.2. It stopped star formation around 1 billion years ago. Another, more recently discovered object is MADCASH-2, officially named MADCASH J121007+352635-dw. The name refers to the MADCASH (Magellanic Analog Dwarf Companions and Stellar Halos) project. It is similar to typical ultra-faint dwarf galaxies, with an absolute V-band magnitude of −9.15, except in that it shows evidence of multiple episodes of star formation in its recent past: one around 400 million years ago, and another 1.5 billion years ago.[7]

One supernova has been observed in NGC 4214: SN 1954A (type Ib, mag. 9.8) was discovered by Paul Wild on 30 May 1954.[8] [Note: some sources incorrectly list the discovery date as 10 April 1954.][9] In addition, the galaxy has hosted one luminous blue variable: SN 2010U (type LBV, mag. 16) was discovered by Kōichi Itagaki on 5 February 2010.[10][11]

See also

References

  1. ↑ 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.05 1.06 1.07 1.08 1.09 "NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database". Results for NGC 4214. https://ned.ipac.caltech.edu/byname?objname=ngc+4214. 
  2. ↑ "Galaxy NGC 4214: A star formation laboratory". ESA/Hubble Photo Release. ESA/Hubble. https://www.spacetelescope.org/news/heic1109/. 
  3. ↑ Seligman, Courtney. "New General Catalogue Objects: NGC 4214". https://cseligman.com/text/atlas/ngc42.htm#4214. 
  4. ↑ Karachentsev, Igor D.; Karachentseva, Valentina E.; Huchtmeier, Walter K.; Makarov, Dmitry I. (2003). "A Catalog of Neighboring Galaxies". The Astronomical Journal 127 (4): 2031–2068. doi:10.1086/382905. Bibcode: 2004AJ....127.2031K. 
  5. ↑ Ubeda, L.; Maíz-Apellániz, J.; MacKenty, J. W.. Massive Young Star Clusters in NGC 4214. 322. pp. 221. Bibcode: 2004ASPC..322..221U. 
  6. ↑ "Dynamical Mass Estimates for Five Young Massive Stellar Clusters". The Astronomical Journal 128 (5): 2295–2305. 2004. doi:10.1086/424538. Bibcode: 2004AJ....128.2295L. 
  7. ↑ Carlin, Jeffrey L.; Mutlu-Pakdil, Burçin; Crnojević, Denija; Garling, Christopher T.; Karunakaran, Ananthan; Peter, Annika H. G.; Tollerud, Erik; Forbes, Duncan A. et al. (2021). "Hubble Space Telescope Observations of Two Faint Dwarf Satellites of Nearby LMC Analogs from MADCASH". The Astrophysical Journal 909 (2): 211. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/abe040. Bibcode: 2021ApJ...909..211C. 
  8. ↑ Hansen, Julie M. Vinter (4 June 1954). "Circular No. 1453". Observatory Copenhagen. http://www.cbat.eps.harvard.edu/IAUCs/IAUC1453.jpg. 
  9. ↑ "SN 1954A". IAU. https://www.wis-tns.org/object/1954A. 
  10. ↑ "SN 2010U". IAU. https://www.wis-tns.org/object/2010U. 
  11. ↑ Marion, G. H.; Vinko, J.; Wheeler, J. C.; Shetrone, M. (2010). "Supernova 2010U in NGC 4214". Central Bureau Electronic Telegrams (2163): 1. Bibcode: 2010CBET.2163....1M. 



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