Biology:Glycoside hydrolase family 24
| Phage lysozyme | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 lysozyme from bacteriophage lambda | |||||||||
| Identifiers | |||||||||
| Symbol | Phage_lysozyme | ||||||||
| Pfam | PF00959 | ||||||||
| Pfam clan | CL0037 | ||||||||
| InterPro | IPR002196 | ||||||||
| SCOP2 | 119l / SCOPe / SUPFAM | ||||||||
| CAZy | GH24 | ||||||||
| CDD | cd00442 | ||||||||
| |||||||||
In molecular biology, glycoside hydrolase family 24 is a family of glycoside hydrolases.
Glycoside hydrolases EC 3.2.1. are a widespread group of enzymes that hydrolyse the glycosidic bond between two or more carbohydrates, or between a carbohydrate and a non-carbohydrate moiety. A classification system for glycoside hydrolases, based on sequence similarity, has led to the definition of >100 different families.[1][2][3] This classification is available on the CAZy web site,[4][5] and also discussed at CAZypedia, an online encyclopedia of carbohydrate active enzymes.[6][7]
Glycoside hydrolase family 24 CAZY GH_24 comprises enzymes with only one known activity; lysozyme (EC 3.2.1.17). This family includes lambda phage lysozyme and Escherichia coli T4 phage endolysin.[8] Lysozyme helps to release mature phage particles from the cell wall by breaking down the peptidoglycan. The enzyme hydrolyses the 1,4-beta linkages between N-acetyl-D-glucosamine and N-acetylmuramic acid in peptidoglycan heteropolymers of prokaryotic cell walls. E. coli endolysin also functions in bacterial cell lysis and acts as a transglycosylase. The T4 lysozyme structure contains 2 domains, the interface between which forms the active-site cleft. The N-terminus of the 2 domains undergoes a 'hinge-bending' motion about an axis passing through the molecular waist.[8][9] This mobility is thought to be important in allowing access of substrates to the enzyme active site.
References
- ↑ "Conserved catalytic machinery and the prediction of a common fold for several families of glycosyl hydrolases". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 92 (15): 7090–4. July 1995. doi:10.1073/pnas.92.15.7090. PMID 7624375. Bibcode: 1995PNAS...92.7090H.
- ↑ "Structures and mechanisms of glycosyl hydrolases". Structure 3 (9): 853–9. September 1995. doi:10.1016/S0969-2126(01)00220-9. PMID 8535779.
- ↑ "Updating the sequence-based classification of glycosyl hydrolases". The Biochemical Journal 316 (Pt 2): 695–6. June 1996. doi:10.1042/bj3160695. PMID 8687420.
- ↑ "Home" (in en). http://www.cazy.org/.
- ↑ "The carbohydrate-active enzymes database (CAZy) in 2013". Nucleic Acids Research 42 (Database issue): D490-5. January 2014. doi:10.1093/nar/gkt1178. PMID 24270786.
- ↑ "Glycoside Hydrolase Family 24" (in en). http://www.cazypedia.org/index.php/Glycoside_Hydrolase_Family_24.
- ↑ CAZypedia Consortium (December 2018). "Ten years of CAZypedia: a living encyclopedia of carbohydrate-active enzymes". Glycobiology 28 (1): 3–8. doi:10.1093/glycob/cwx089. PMID 29040563. http://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/122863/1/CAZypedia_20171003_Figures.pdf.
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 "Structure of bacteriophage T4 lysozyme refined at 1.7 A resolution". Journal of Molecular Biology 193 (1): 189–99. January 1987. doi:10.1016/0022-2836(87)90636-X. PMID 3586019.
- ↑ "A mutant T4 lysozyme displays five different crystal conformations". Nature 348 (6298): 263–6. November 1990. doi:10.1038/348263a0. PMID 2234094. Bibcode: 1990Natur.348..263F.
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