Biology:Modulibacteria

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Modulibacteria(Moduliflexota) is a bacterial phylum formerly known as KS3B3 or GN06. It is a candidate phylum, meaning there are no cultured representatives of this group. Members of the Modulibacteria phylum are known to cause fatal filament overgrowth (bulking) in high-rate industrial anaerobic wastewater treatment bioreactors.[1][2]

The Modulibacteria phylum was first proposed in 2006 by two independent research groups based on analyses of 16S rRNA gene sequences. One group recovered Modulibacteria sequences from the a hypersaline microbial mat from Guerrero Negro (Baja California Sur, Mexico) and used the provisional name GN06 for the novel phylum,[3] while the other recovered sequences from sulfur-rich black mud marine sediments (CA, USA) and used the provisional name KSB3.[4]

The first genomic insights into the phylum were achieved in 2015, at which time the name "Modulibacteria" was proposed.[5] Two genomes were recovered from methanogenic sludge samples of a full-scale upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor treating a high-strength organic wastewater discharged from a food-processing factory.

Through a combination of genome-based metabolic reconstruction and microscopic observation, it was determined that the two studied Modulibacteria species (Moduliflexus flocculans and Vecturithrix granuli) produce filamentous structures and are Gram-negative, strictly anaerobic fermenters capable of non-flagellar based gliding motility. Both have an unusually large number of sensory and response regulator genes compared to other bacteria.[5]

Members of the Modulibacteria phylum have been detected in a variety of environments in addition to bioreactors and hypersaline mats, such as wetland sediments (FJ516883.1), the dolphin mouth,[6][7] and a tubeworm from a coldseep (FM165273).

Taxonomy

The following taxonomy was proposed by Sekiguchi et al. 2015[5][8][9] and phylogeny by GTDB 08-RS214[10][11][12]

  • Class "Moduliflexia" Sekiguchi et al. 2015 ["Vecturitrichia" Sekiguchi et al. 2015]
    • Order "Moduliflexales" Sekiguchi et al. 2015 ["Vecturatrichales" Sekiguchi et al. 2015]
      • Family "Moduliflexaceae" Sekiguchi et al. 2015 ["Vecturatrichaceae" Sekiguchi et al. 2015]
        • Genus "Candidatus Moduliflexus" Sekiguchi et al. 2015[13]
          • Species "Ca. M. flocculans" Sekiguchi et al. 2015
        • Genus "Candidatus Vecturithrix" Sekiguchi et al. 2015[14]
          • Species "Ca. V. granuli" Sekiguchi et al. 2015

See also

References

  1. ↑ Yamada, Takeshi; Yamauchi, Toshihiro; Shiraishi, Koji; Hugenholtz, Philip; Ohashi, Akiyoshi; Harada, Hideki; Kamagata, Yoichi; Nakamura, Kazunori et al. (2007-05-31). "Characterization of filamentous bacteria, belonging to candidate phylum KSB3, that are associated with bulking in methanogenic granular sludges". The ISME Journal 1 (3): 246–255. doi:10.1038/ismej.2007.28. ISSN 1751-7362. PMID 18043635. 
  2. ↑ Yamada, Takeshi; Kikuchi, Kae; Yamauchi, Toshihiro; Shiraishi, Koji; Ito, Tsukasa; Okabe, Satoshi; Hiraishi, Akira; Ohashi, Akiyoshi et al. (2011-01-21). "Ecophysiology of Uncultured Filamentous Anaerobes Belonging to the Phylum KSB3 That Cause Bulking in Methanogenic Granular Sludge". Applied and Environmental Microbiology 77 (6): 2081–2087. doi:10.1128/aem.02475-10. ISSN 0099-2240. PMID 21257808. Bibcode: 2011ApEnM..77.2081Y. 
  3. ↑ Ley, Ruth E.; Harris, J. Kirk; Wilcox, Joshua; Spear, John R.; Miller, Scott R.; Bebout, Brad M.; Maresca, Julia A.; Bryant, Donald A. et al. (2006-05-01). "Unexpected Diversity and Complexity of the Guerrero Negro Hypersaline Microbial Mat" (in en). Applied and Environmental Microbiology 72 (5): 3685–3695. doi:10.1128/AEM.72.5.3685-3695.2006. ISSN 0099-2240. PMID 16672518. Bibcode: 2006ApEnM..72.3685L. 
  4. ↑ Tanner, Michael (2006). "Complex Microbial Communities Inhabiting Sulfide-rich Black Mud from Marine Coastal Environments". Biotechnology et Alia 8: 1–16. 
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Sekiguchi, Yuji; Ohashi, Akiko; Parks, Donovan H.; Yamauchi, Toshihiro; Tyson, Gene W.; Hugenholtz, Philip (2015-01-27). "First genomic insights into members of a candidate bacterial phylum responsible for wastewater bulking". PeerJ 3. doi:10.7717/peerj.740. ISSN 2167-8359. PMID 25650158. 
  6. ↑ Bik, Elisabeth M.; Costello, Elizabeth K.; Switzer, Alexandra D.; Callahan, Benjamin J.; Holmes, Susan P.; Wells, Randall S.; Carlin, Kevin P.; Jensen, Eric D. et al. (2016-02-03). "Marine mammals harbor unique microbiotas shaped by and yet distinct from the sea" (in en). Nature Communications 7 (1). doi:10.1038/ncomms10516. ISSN 2041-1723. PMID 26839246. Bibcode: 2016NatCo...710516B. 
  7. ↑ Dudek, Natasha K.; Sun, Christine L.; Burstein, David; Kantor, Rose S.; Aliaga Goltsman, Daniela S.; Bik, Elisabeth M.; Thomas, Brian C.; Banfield, Jillian F. et al. (2017-12-18). "Novel Microbial Diversity and Functional Potential in the Marine Mammal Oral Microbiome". Current Biology 27 (24): 3752–3762.e6. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2017.10.040. ISSN 1879-0445. PMID 29153320. 
  8. ↑ A.C. Parte. "Moduliflexota". List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN). https://lpsn.dsmz.de/phylum/Moduliflexota. 
  9. ↑ C.L. Schoch. "Moduliflexota". National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) taxonomy database. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Undef&id=3071909&lvl=3&lin=f&keep=1&srchmode=1&unlock. 
  10. ↑ "GTDB release 08-RS214". https://gtdb.ecogenomic.org/about#4%7C. 
  11. ↑ "bac120_r214.sp_label". https://data.gtdb.ecogenomic.org/releases/release214/214.0/auxillary_files/bac120_r214.sp_labels.tree. 
  12. ↑ "Taxon History". https://gtdb.ecogenomic.org/taxon_history/. 
  13. ↑ Sayers. "Moduliflexus". National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) taxonomy database. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?name=Candidatus+Moduliflexus. 
  14. ↑ Sayers. "Vecturithrix". National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) taxonomy database. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi. 

Wikidata ☰ Q27067426 entry



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