Biology:Thermus

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Thermus is a genus of thermophilic bacteria. It is one of several bacteria belonging to the Deinococcota phylum. According to comparative analysis of 16S rRNA, this is one of the most ancient group of bacteria.[1] Thermus species can be distinguished from other genera in the family Thermaceae as well as all other bacteria by the presence of eight conserved signature indels found in proteins such as adenylate kinase and replicative DNA helicase as well as 14 conserved signature proteins that are exclusively shared by members of this genus.[2]

Phylogeny

See also: Biology:Bacterial taxonomy

The currently accepted taxonomy is based on the List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN) [3] and the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI).[4][5][6]

Between all its species, T. thermophilus has a special importance as a model organism for basic and applied research. The species T. aquaticus is likewise well known for its role in the development of PCR.

16S rRNA based LTP_07_2026[7][8][9] 120 marker proteins based GTDB 11-RS232[10][11][12]
Thermus
 

T. filiformis Hudson et al. 1987[13]

 
 
 

T. oshimai Williams et al. 1996[14]

 
 
 
 

T. composti Vajna et al. 2012[15]

 
 
 

"T. parvatiensis" Dwivedi et al. 2015

 
 

T. thermophilus (ex Oshima and Imahori 1974) Manaia et al. 1995[16]

 
 
 
 
 
 

T. thalpophilus Li et al. 2023

 
 
 

T. brockianus Williams et al. 1995[17]

 
 

T. hydrothermalis Li et al. 2023

 
 
 
 
 
 
 

T. aquaticus Brock and Freeze 1969[18]

 
 

T. sediminis Zhou et al. 2021

 
 
 
 

T. arciformis Zhang et al. 2010[19]

 
 

T. islandicus Bjornsdottir et al. 2009[20]

 
 
 
 
 

T. igniterrae Chung et al. 2000[21]

 
 
 

T. thermamylovorans Ming et al. 2020

 
 
 

T. caliditerrae Ming et al. 2014[22]

 
 
 

T. tengchongensis Yu et al. 2013[23]

 
 
 

T. amyloliquefaciens Yu et al. 2015[24]

 
 
 

T. tenuipuniceus Zhou et al. 2019

 
 
 
 

T. antranikianii Chung et al. 2000[21]

 
 
 

T. caldilimi Li et al. 2021

 
 

T. scotoductus Kristjansson et al. 1994[25]

 
 
 
 
 

T. neutrinimicus Li et al. 2023

 
 
 

T. caldifontis Khan et al. 2017

 
 
 

T. albus Li et al. 2023

 
 

T. altitudinis Li et al. 2023

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Thermus
 

T. filiformis

 
 
 

T. oshimai

 
 
 
 

T. composti

 
 
 

"T. parvatiensis"

 
 

T. thermophilus

 
 
 
 
 
 

T. thalpophilus

 
 
 

T. brockianus

 
 

T. hydrothermalis

 
 
 
 
 
 
 

T. arciformis

 
 

T. islandicus

 
 
 
 

T. aquaticus

 
 

T. sediminis

 
 
 
 
 

T. igniterrae

 
 
 

T. thermamylovorans

 
 
 

T. caliditerrae

 
 
 

T. tengchongensis

 
 
 

T. amyloliquefaciens

 
 
 

T. tenuipuniceus

 
 
 
 

T. antranikianii [incl. T. brevis Hu et al. 2022]

 
 
 

T. caldifontis

 
 

T. scotoductus

 
 
 
 
 

T. neutrinimicus

 
 
 

T. caldilimi

 
 
 

T. albus

 
 

T. altitudinis

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Species incertae sedis:[26]

  • "T. anatoliensis" Kacagan et al. 2016
  • "T. caldophilus" Taguchi et al. 1983
  • "T. eggertssonii" Peters 2008
  • T. javaensis Ningsih et al. 2026
  • "T. kawarayensis" Kurosawa, Itoh & Itoh 2005
  • "T. murrieta" Benner et al. 2006
  • "T. nonproteolyticus" 1992
  • "T. rehai" Lin et al. 2002
  • "T. yunnanensis" Gong et al. 2005

Habitats

The strains of the genus Thermus are generally isolated from hydrothermal areas where the range of water temperature is 55–70 °C and that of pH is 5.0–10.5.[27]

The first isolate of the genus Thermus was isolated from hydrothermal areas in Yellowstone National Park.[5] Later on more isolates were obtained from several hydrothermal areas worldwide,[27] such as in Japan,[28][29] Iceland,[30] New Zealand, New Mexico or the Australian Artesian Basin.

See also

References

  1. ↑ Woese, C R (June 1987). "Bacterial evolution" (in en). Microbiological Reviews 51 (2): 221–271. doi:10.1128/mr.51.2.221-271.1987. ISSN 0146-0749. PMID 2439888. 
  2. ↑ Ho, Jonathan; Adeolu, Mobolaji; Khadka, Bijendra; Gupta, Radhey S. (October 2016). "Identification of distinctive molecular traits that are characteristic of the phylum "Deinococcus–Thermus" and distinguish its main constituent groups". Systematic and Applied Microbiology 39 (7): 453–463. doi:10.1016/j.syapm.2016.07.003. ISSN 0723-2020. PMID 27506333. Bibcode: 2016SyApM..39..453H. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.syapm.2016.07.003. 
  3. ↑ Thermus in LPSN; Freese, H. M.; Meier-Kolthoff, J. P.; Sardà Carbasse, J.; Afolayan, A. O.; Göker, M. (29 October 2025). "TYGS and LPSN in 2025: a Global Core Biodata Resource for genome-based classification and nomenclature of prokaryotes within DSMZ Digital Diversity". Nucleic Acids Research 53: D1–D12. doi:10.1093/nar/gkaf1110. 
  4. ↑ C.L. Schoch. "Thermus". National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) taxonomy database. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?command=show&mode=tree&id=270&lvl=3. Retrieved 2026-08-01. 
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Brock TD; Freeze H (1969). "Thermus aquaticus, a Nonsporulating Extreme Thermophile". Journal of Bacteriology 98 (1): 289–97. doi:10.1128/jb.98.1.289-297.1969. PMID 5781580. 
  6. ↑ Chung, A. P.; Rainey, F. A.; Valente, M.; Nobre, M. F.; da Costa, M. S. (2000). "Thermus igniterrae sp. nov. and Thermus antranikianii sp. nov., two new species from Iceland". International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 50 (1): 209–217. doi:10.1099/00207713-50-1-209. ISSN 1466-5026. PMID 10826806. 
  7. ↑ "The LTPlus". https://bioinfo.uib.es/ltp/#LTPlus. 
  8. ↑ "LTP_all tree in newick format". https://biocom.uib.es/opucheck-backend/api/releases/07_26_04. 
  9. ↑ Rossello-Mora, Ramon; Viver, Tomeu; Palmer-Rodríguez, Pere; Westram, Ralf; Bustos-Caparros, Esteban; Gago, Joan Francisco; Gonzalez-Mendez, Jaime; Llabrés, Mercè et al. (22 April 2026). "A pipeline for improved 16S rRNA gene-based phylogeny and diversity analyses of Bacteria and Archaea" (in en). Nature Portfolio. doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-9370187/v1. https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-9370187/v1. 
  10. ↑ "GTDB release 11-RS232". https://gtdb.ecogenomic.org/about#4%7C. 
  11. ↑ "bac120_r232.sp_label". https://data.gtdb.ecogenomic.org/releases/release232/232.0/auxillary_files/bac120_r232.sp_labels.tree. 
  12. ↑ "Taxon History". https://gtdb.ecogenomic.org/taxon_history/. 
  13. ↑ Hudson, J. A.; Morgan, H. W.; Daniel, R. M. (1987-01-01). "Thermus filiformis sp. nov., a Filamentous Caldoactive Bacterium". International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 37 (4): 431–436. doi:10.1099/00207713-37-4-431. 
  14. ↑ WILLIAMS, RALPH A. D.; SMITH, KELVIN E.; WELCH, SIMON G.; MICALLEF, JANICE (1996-01-01). "Thermus oshimai sp. nov., Isolated from Hot Springs in Portugal, Iceland, and the Azores, and Comment on the Concept of a Limited Geographical Distribution of Thermus Species". International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 46 (2): 403–408. doi:10.1099/00207713-46-2-403. PMID 8934898. 
  15. ↑ Vajna, B.; Kanizsai, S.; Keki, Z.; Marialigeti, K.; Schumann, P.; Toth, E. M. (2012-07-01). "Thermus composti sp. nov., isolated from oyster mushroom compost". International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 62 (Pt 7): 1486–1490. doi:10.1099/ijs.0.030866-0. PMID 21856987. 
  16. ↑ Manaia, Célia M.; Hoste, Bart; Carmen Gutierrez, M.; Gillis, Monique; Ventosa, Antonio; Kersters, Karel; Da Costa, Milton S. (1995-02-01). "Halotolerant Thermus Strains from Marine and Terrestrial Hot Springs Belong to Thermus thermophilus (ex Oshima and Imahori, 1974) nom. rev. emend.". Systematic and Applied Microbiology 17 (4): 526–532. doi:10.1016/S0723-2020(11)80072-X. Bibcode: 1995SyApM..17..526M. 
  17. ↑ WILLIAMS, R. A. D.; SMITH, K. E.; WELCH, S. G.; MICALLEF, J.; SHARP, R. J. (1995-07-01). "DNA Relatedness of Thermus Strains, Description of Thermus brockianus sp. nov., and Proposal To Reestablish Thermus thermophilus (Oshima and Imahori)". International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology 45 (3): 495–499. doi:10.1099/00207713-45-3-495. PMID 8590676. 
  18. ↑ Brock, Thomas D.; Freeze, Hudson (1969-04-01). "Thermus aquaticus gen. n. and sp. n., a Nonsporulating Extreme Thermophile" (in en). Journal of Bacteriology 98 (1): 289–297. doi:10.1128/jb.98.1.289-297.1969. ISSN 0021-9193. PMID 5781580. 
  19. ↑ Zhang, X. Q.; Ying, Y.; Ye, Y.; Xu, X. W.; Zhu, X. F.; Wu, M. (2010-04-01). "Thermus arciformis sp. nov., a thermophilic species from a geothermal area". International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 60 (4): 834–839. doi:10.1099/ijs.0.007690-0. PMID 19661520. 
  20. ↑ Bjornsdottir, Snaedis H.; Petursdottir, Solveig K.; Hreggvidsson, Gudmundur O.; Skirnisdottir, Sigurlaug; Hjorleifsdottir, Sigridur; Arnfinnsson, Johann; Kristjansson, Jakob K. (2009-01-01). "Thermus islandicus sp. nov., a mixotrophic sulfur-oxidizing bacterium isolated from the Torfajokull geothermal area". International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 59 (12): 2962–2966. doi:10.1099/ijs.0.007013-0. PMID 19628590. 
  21. ↑ 21.0 21.1 Chung, A. P.; Rainey, F. A.; Valente, M.; Nobre, M. F.; Costa, M. S. da (2000-01-01). "Thermus igniterrae sp. nov. and Thermus antranikianii sp. nov., two new species from Iceland". International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 50 (1): 209–217. doi:10.1099/00207713-50-1-209. PMID 10826806. 
  22. ↑ Ming, H.; Yin, Y.-R.; Li, S.; Nie, G.-X.; Yu, T.-T.; Zhou, E.-M.; Liu, L.; Dong, L. et al. (2014-02-01). "Thermus caliditerrae sp. nov., a novel thermophilic species isolated from a geothermal area". International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 64 (Pt 2): 650–656. doi:10.1099/ijs.0.056838-0. PMID 24158953. 
  23. ↑ Yu, Tian-Tian; Yao, Ji-Cheng; Ming, Hong; Yin, Yi-Rui; Zhou, En-Min; Liu, Min-Jiao; Tang, Shu-Kun; Li, Wen-Jun (2013). "Thermus tengchongensis sp. nov., isolated from a geothermally heated soil sample in Tengchong, Yunnan, south-west China". Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 103 (3): 513–518. doi:10.1007/s10482-012-9833-9. PMID 23104072. 
  24. ↑ Yu, Tian-Tian; Park, Dong-Jin; Hozzein, Wael N.; Kim, Chang-Jin; Wadaan, Mohammed A. M.; Ming, Hong; Li, Wen-Jun; Yao, Ji-Cheng et al. (2015-08-01). "Thermus amyloliquefaciens sp. nov., isolated from a hot spring sediment sample". International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 65 (8): 2491–2495. doi:10.1099/ijs.0.000289. PMID 25920724. 
  25. ↑ Kristjánsson, Jakob; Hjörleifsdóttir, Sigrídur; Marteinsson, Viggó; Alfredsson, Gudni (1994). "Thermus scotoductus, sp. nov., a Pigment-Producing Thermophilic Bacterium from Hot Tap Water in Iceland and Including Thermus sp. X-1". Systematic and Applied Microbiology 17 (1): 44–50. doi:10.1016/S0723-2020(11)80030-5. Bibcode: 1994SyApM..17...44K. 
  26. ↑ TENREIRO, S.; NOBRE, M. F.; COSTA, M. S. DA (1995-10-01). "Thermus silvanus sp. nov. and Thermus chliarophilus sp. nov., Two New Species Related to Thermus ruber but with Lower Growth Temperatures". International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology 45 (4): 633–639. doi:10.1099/00207713-45-4-633. PMID 7547281. 
  27. ↑ 27.0 27.1 Da Costa, Milton S.; Rainey, Fred A.; Nobre, M. Fernanda (2006), "The Genus Thermus and Relatives", in Dworkin, Martin; Falkow, Stanley; Rosenberg, Eugene et al. (in en), The Prokaryotes, New York, NY: Springer New York, pp. 797–812, doi:10.1007/0-387-30747-8_32, ISBN 978-0-387-25497-5, http://link.springer.com/10.1007/0-387-30747-8_32, retrieved 2024-06-05 
  28. ↑ Oshima, T.; Imahori, K. (1974-01-01). "Description of Thermus thermophilus (Yoshida and Oshima) comb. nov., a Nonsporulating Thermophilic Bacterium from a Japanese Thermal Spa" (in en). International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology 24 (1): 102–112. doi:10.1099/00207713-24-1-102. ISSN 0020-7713. https://www.microbiologyresearch.org/content/journal/ijsem/10.1099/00207713-24-1-102. 
  29. ↑ Saiki, Takashi; Kimura, Ryohei; Arima, Kei (January 1972). "Isolation and Characterization of Extremely Thermophilic Bacteria from Hot Springs" (in en). Agricultural and Biological Chemistry 36 (13): 2357–2366. doi:10.1080/00021369.1972.10860589. ISSN 0002-1369. https://academic.oup.com/bbb/article/36/13/2357-2366/5978847. 
  30. ↑ Pask-Hughes, R. A.; Williams, R. A. D. (1977-10-01). "Yellow-pigmented Strains of Thermus spp. from Icelandic Hot Springs" (in en). Journal of General Microbiology 102 (2): 375–383. doi:10.1099/00221287-102-2-375. ISSN 0022-1287. 

Wikidata ☰ Q7783265 entry



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