Chemistry:Ammonium hexachloroplatinate
2PtCl6.svg)
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| File:(NH4)2PtCl6Xray.tif | |
| Names | |
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| IUPAC name
Ammonium hexachloroplatinate(IV)
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| Other names
ammonium chloroplatinate
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| Identifiers | |
3D model (JSmol)
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| Properties | |
| (NH4)2PtCl6 | |
| Molar mass | 443.87 g/mol |
| Appearance | yellow solid |
| Odor | odorless |
| Density | 3.065 g/cm3 |
| Melting point | 380 °C (716 °F; 653 K) decomposes |
| 0.289 g/100ml (0 °C) 0.7 g/100ml (15 °C)[1] 0.499 g/100ml (20 °C) 3.36 g/100ml (100 °C) | |
| Hazards[2] | |
| GHS pictograms |   
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| GHS Signal word | Danger |
| H301, H317, H318, H334 | |
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Threshold limit value (TLV)
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0.002 mg/m3, as Pt |
| Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC): | |
LD50 (median dose)
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195 mg/kg rat |
| NIOSH (US health exposure limits): | |
PEL (Permissible)
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0.002 mg/m3, as Pt |
| Related compounds | |
Other cations
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Potassium hexachloroplatinate |
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). | |
 verify (what is   ?)
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| Infobox references | |
Ammonium hexachloroplatinate, also known as ammonium chloroplatinate, is the inorganic compound with the formula (NH4)2[PtCl6]. It is a rare example of a soluble platinum(IV) salt that is not hygroscopic. It forms intensely yellow solutions in water. In the presence of 1M NH4Cl, its solubility is only 0.0028 g/100 mL.
Preparation and structure
The compound consists of separate tetrahedral ammonium cations and octahedral [PtCl6]2− anions. It is usually generated as a fine yellow precipitate by treating a solution of hexachloroplatinic acid with a solution of an ammonium salt.[3] The complex is so poorly soluble that this step is employed in the isolation of platinum from ores and recycled residues.[4]
As analyzed by X-ray crystallography, the salt crystallizes in a cubic motif reminiscent of the fluorite structure. The [PtCl6]2− centers are octahedral. The NH4+ centers are hydrogen bonded to the chloride ligands.[5]
Uses and reactions
Ammonium hexachloroplatinate is used in platinum plating. Heating (NH4)2[PtCl6] under a stream of hydrogen at 200 °C produces platinum sponge. Treating this with chlorine gives H2[PtCl6].[3]
Ammonium hexachloroplatinate decomposes to yield platinum sponge when heated to high temperatures:[3][6]
- 3(NH4)2PtCl6 → 3Pt(s) + 2NH4Cl(g) + 16HCl(g) + 2N2(g)
Safety
Dust containing ammonium hexachloroplatinate can be highly allergenic. "Symptoms range from irritation of skin and mucous membranes to life-threatening attacks of asthma."[7]
References
- ↑ "ammonium hexachloroplatinate(IV)". Chemister.ru. 2007-03-19. http://chemister.ru/Database/properties-en.php?dbid=1&id=7145. Retrieved 2014-06-03.
- ↑ PubChem. "Ammonium hexachloroplatinate" (in en). https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/16211460.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 George B. Kauffman (1967). "Ammonium Hexachloroplatinate(IV)". Inorganic Syntheses. 9. pp. 182–185. doi:10.1002/9780470132401.ch51. ISBN 978-0-470-13240-1.
- ↑ Cotton, S. A. Chemistry of Precious Metals, Chapman and Hall (London): 1997. ISBN 0-7514-0413-6.
- ↑ Verde-Gómez, Y.; Alonso-Nuñez, G.; Cervantes, F.; Keer, A. "Aqueous solution reaction to synthesize ammonium hexachloroplatinate and its crystallographic and thermogravimetric characterization" Materials Letters, 2003, volume 57, p 4667-4672. doi:10.1016/S0167-577X(03)00381-1
- ↑ Rochow, Eugene George (1977). Modern Descriptive Chemistry. W. B. Saunders Company. p. 202. ISBN 9780721676289. https://archive.org/details/moderndescriptiv0000roch/mode/1up.
- ↑ Renner, Hermann; Schlamp, Günther; Kleinwächter, Ingo; Drost, Ernst; Lüschow, Hans Martin; Tews, Peter; Panster, Peter; Diehl, Manfred et al. (2001). "Platinum Group Metals and Compounds". Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. doi:10.1002/14356007.a21_075. ISBN 3527306730.
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