Chemistry:List of carboxylic acids

Short description: Wikipedia list article

Carboxylic acids are organic acids characterized by a carboxyl (-COOH) functional group. The naming of these compounds is governed by IUPAC nomenclature, which ensures systematic and consistent naming of chemicals. Numerous organic compounds have other common names, often originating in historical source material thereof. The systematic IUPAC name is not always the preferred IUPAC name, for example, lactic acid is a common, and also the preferred, name for what systematic rules call 2-hydroxypropanoic acid.

This list is ordered by the number of carbon atoms in a carboxylic acid.

C1

IUPAC name	Common name	Structural formula	Notes
methanoic acid	formic acid	HCOOH
hydroxymethanoic acid	carbonic acid carbon dioxide hydrate	HOCOOH or H2CO3	Despite having an organic-like name, H2CO3 is not considered an organic compound.

C2

IUPAC name	Common name	Simpler formula	Structural formula
ethanoic acid	acetic acid	C2H4O2	CH3COOH
2-hydroxyethanoic acid	glycolic acid dicarbonous acid hydroxyacetic acid	C2H4O3	HOCH2COOH
oxoethanoic acid	glyoxylic acid oxoacetic acid formylformic acid	C2H2O3	OHCCOOH
ethanedioic acid	oxalic acid	C2H2O4	HOOCCOOH

C3

IUPAC name	Common name	Structural formula
propanoic acid	propionic acid ethanecarboxylic acid	CH3CH2COOH
propenoic acid	acrylic acid acroleic acid ethylenecarboxylic acid vinylformic acid	CH2=CHCOOH
propynoic acid	propiolic acid propargylic acid acetylene carboxylic acid	CH≡CCOOH
2-hydroxypropanoic acid	lactic acid milk acid	CH3CHOHCOOH
3-hydroxypropanoic acid	3-hydroxipropionic acid hydracrylic acid	CH2OHCH2COOH
2,3-dihydroxypropanoic acid	glyceric acid	CH2OHCHOHCOOH
2-oxopropanoic acid	pyruvic acid α-ketopropionic acid acetylformic acid pyroracemic acid	CH3COCOOH
3-oxopropanoic acid	malonic semialdehyde 3-oxopropionic acid	OHCCH2COOH
2,3-dioxopropanoic acid	mesoxalic semialdehyde dioxopropionic acid	OHCCOCOOH
propanedioic acid	malonic acid methanedicarboxylic acid	HOOCCH2COOH
2-hydroxypropanedioic acid	tartronic acid hydroxymalonic acid	HOOCCHOHCOOH
2,2-dihydroxypropanedioic acid	dihydroxymalonic acid mesoxalic acid monohydrate	HOOCC(OH)2COOH
oxopropanedioic acid	mesoxalic acid ketomalonic acid oxomalonic acid	HOOCCOCOOH
oxirane-2-carboxylic acid	glycidic acid	epoxide

C4

IUPAC name	Common name	Structural formula
butanoic acid	butyric acid propanecarboxylic acid	CH3(CH2)2COOH
2-methylpropanoic acid	isobutyric acid isobutanoic acid	(CH3)2CHCOOH
(E)-but-2-enoic acid	crotonic acid trans-butenoic acid 3-methylacrylic acid β-methacrylic acid (E)-2-butenoic acid	CH3CH=CHCOOH
(Z)-but-2-enoic acid	isocrotonic acid cis-crotonic acid cis-butenoic acid (Z)-2-butenoic acid	CH3CH=CHCOOH
2-methylpropenoic acid	methacrylic acid α-methacrylic acid 2-methylacrylic acid isobutenoic acid	CH2=C(CH3)COOH
but-3-enoic acid	vinylacetic acid allylic acid 3-butenoic acid β-butenoic acid	CH2=CHCH2COOH
but-2-ynoic acid	tetrolic acid 2-butynoic acid	CH3C≡CCOOH
2-hydroxybutanoic acid	2-hydroxybutyric acid α-hydroxybutyrate	CH3CH2CHOHCOOH
3-hydroxybutanoic acid	β-hydroxybutyric acid 3-hydroxybutyric acid	CH3CHOHCH2COOH
4-hydroxybutanoic acid	γ-hydroxybutyric acid GHB 4-hydroxybutyric acid	HOCH2(CH2)2COOH
2-oxobutanoic acid	α-ketobutyric acid	CH3CH2COCOOH
3-oxobutanoic acid	acetoacetic acid diacetic acid	CH3COCH2COOH
4-oxobutanoic acid	succinic semialdehyde	OHC(CH2)2COOH
butanedioic acid	succinic acid	HOOC(CH2)2COOH
2-methylpropanedioic acid	methylmalonic acid	HOOCCH(CH3)COOH
(E)-butenedioic acid	fumaric acid trans-1,2-ethylenedicarboxylic acid trans-butenedioic acid allomaleic acid boletic acid donitic acid lichenic acid	HOOCCH=CHCOOH
(Z)-butenedioic acid	maleic acid cis-butenedioic acid malenic acid maleinic acid toxilic acid	HOOCCH=CHCOOH
butynedioic acid	acetylenedicarboxylic acid 2-butynedioic acid	HOOCC≡CCOOH
hydroxybutanedioic acid	malic acid hydroxysuccinic acid 2-hydroxybutanedioic acid	HOOCCH2CHOHCOOH
2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid	tartaric acid 2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid racemic acid threaric acid uvic acid paratartaric acid	HOOC(CHOH)2COOH
oxobutanedioic acid	oxaloacetic acid oxalacetic acid oxosuccinic acid ketosuccinic acid	HOOCCH2COCOOH
dioxobutanedioic acid	dioxosuccinic acid	HOOC(CO)2COOH

C5

IUPAC name	Common name	Structural formula
pentanoic acid	valeric acid valerianic acid butane-1-carboxylic acid	CH3(CH2)3COOH
3-methylbutanoic acid	isovaleric acid isopentanoic acid delphinic acid β-methylbutiric acid 3-methylbutiric acid	(CH3)2CHCH2COOH
2-methylbutanoic acid	2-methylbutiric acid	CH3CH2CH(CH3)COOH
2,2-dimethylpropanoic acid	pivalic acid trimethylacetic acid neopentanoic acid	(CH3)3CCOOH
3-hydroxypentanoic acid	β-hydroxyvaleric acid 3-hydroxyvaleric acid β-hydroxypentanoate	CH3CH2CHOHCH2COOH
4-hydroxypentanoic acid	γ-hydroxyvaleric acid GHV 4-methyl-GHB	CH3CHOH(CH2)2COOH
3-hydroxy-3-methylbutanoic acid	β-hydroxy β-methylbutyric acid HMB β-hydroxyisovaleric acid 3-hydroxyisovaleric acid	(CH3)2COHCH2COOH
pentanedioic acid	glutaric acid propane-1,3-dicarboxylic acid n-pyrotartaric acid	HOOC(CH2)3COOH
2-oxopentanedioic acid	α-ketoglutaric acid 2-ketoglutaric acid 2-oxoglutaric acid oxoglutaric acid	HOOC(CH2)2COCOOH
3-oxopentanedioic acid	acetonedicarboxylic acid 3-oxoglutaric acid β-ketoglutaric acid 3-ketoglutaric acid	HOOCCH2COCH2COOH
furan-2-carboxylic acid	2-furoic acid α-furoic acid pyromucic acid 2-carboxyfuran α-furancarboxylic acid	furyl-COOH
tetrahydrofuran-2-carboxylic acid	tetrahydro-2-furoic acid tetrahydrofuroic acid tetrahydrofuran-2-carboxylic acid	tetrahydrofuryl-COOH

C6

IUPAC name	Common name	Structural formula
hexanoic acid	caproic acid n-caproic acid	CH3(CH2)4COOH
hexanedioic acid	adipic acid hexane-1,6-dioic acid	HOOC(CH2)4COOH
2,3-dimethylbutanoic acid		CH3(CHCH3)2COOH
3,3-dimethylbutanoic acid		CH3C(CH3)2CH2COOH
2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid	citric acid 3-carboxy-3-hydroxypentanedioic acid 2-hydroxy-1,2,3-propanetricarboxylic acid	HOC(COOH)((CH2)COOH)2
prop-1-ene-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid	aconitic acid achilleic acid equisetic acid citridinic acid pyrocitric acid	HOOCCH=C(COOH)CH2COOH
1-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid	isocitric acid	HOOCCHOHCH(COOH)CH2COOH
(2E,4E)-hexa-2,4-dienoic acid	sorbic acid	CH3(CH=CH)2COOH

C7

IUPAC name	Common name	Structural Formula
heptanoic acid	enanthic acid oenanthic acid n-Heptylic acid n-Heptoic acid	CH3(CH2)5COOH
heptanedioic acid	pimelic acid	HOOC(CH2)5COOH
cyclohexanecarboxylic acid		C6H11COOH
benzenecarboxylic acid	benzoic acid carboxybenzene dracylic acid	C6H5COOH
2-hydroxybenzoic acid	salicylic acid	HOC6H4COOH
2,2-dimethylpentanoic acid		CH3(CH2)2C(CH3)2COOH
2,3-dimethylpentanoic acid		C2H5(CHCH3)2COOH
2,4-dimethylpentanoic acid		CH3(CHCH3)CH2(CHCH3)COOH
3,3-dimethylpentanoic acid		C2H5C(CH3)2CH2COOH
2-ethylpentanoic acid		C3H7CH(C2H5)COOH
3-ethylpentanoic acid		C2H5CH(C2H5)CH2COOH
2-methylhexanoic acid		C4H9CH(CH3)COOH
3-methylhexanoic acid		C3H7CH(CH3)CH2COOH
2,2,3-trimethylbutanoic acid		CH3CH(CH3)C(CH3)2COOH
2-ethyl-2-methylbutanoic acid		C2H5C(C2H5)(CH3)COOH
2-ethyl-3- methylbutanoic acid		CH3CH(CH3)CH(C2H5)COOH

C8

IUPAC name	Common name	Structural Formula
octanoic acid	caprylic acid	CH3(CH2)6COOH
benzene-1,2-dicarboxylic acid	phthalic acid	C6H4(COOH)2
benzene-1,3-dicarboxylic acid	isophthalic acid	C6H4(COOH)2
benzene-1,4-dicarboxylic acid	terephthalic acid	C6H4(COOH)2
2-methylheptanoic acid		C5H11CH(CH3)COOH
3-methylheptanoic acid		C4H9CH(CH3)CH2COOH
4-methylheptanoic acid		C3H7CH(CH3)C2H4COOH
5-methylheptanoic acid		C2H5CH(CH3)C3H6COOH
6-methylheptanoic acid		(CH3)2CHC4H8COOH
2,2-dimethylhexanoic acid		C4H9C(CH3)2COOH
2,3-dimethylhexanoic acid		C3H7[CH(CH3)]2COOH
2,4-dimethylhexanoic acid		C2H5CH(CH3)CH2CH(CH3)COOH
2,5-dimethylhexanoic acid		CH3CH(CH3)C2H4(CH3)COOH
3,3-dimethylhexanoic acid		C3H7C(CH3)2CH2COOH
3,4-dimethylhexanoic acid		C2H5[CH(CH3)]2CH2COOH
3,5-dimethylhexanoic acid		(CH3)2CHCH2CH(CH3)CH2COOH
4,4-dimethylhexanoic acid		C2H5C(CH3)2C2H4COOH
4,5-dimethylhexanoic acid		CH3[CH(CH)3]2C2H4COOH
5,5-dimethylhexanoic acid		(CH3)3CC3H6COOH
2-ethanehexanoic acid		C4H9CH(C2H5)COOH
3-ethanehexanoic acid		C3H7CH(C2H5)CH2COOH
4-ethanehexanoic acid		C2H5CH(C2H5)C2H4COOH
5-ethanehexanoic acid		CH3CH(C2H5)C3H6COOH
2-octenoic acid		C5H11CH=CHCOOH
3-octenoic acid		C4H9CH=CHCH2COOH
4-octenoic acid		C3H7CH=CHC2H4COOH
5-octenoic acid		C2H5CH=CHC3H6COOH
6-octenoic acid		CH3CH=CHC4H8COOH
7-octenoic acid		CH2=CHC5H10COOH

C9

IUPAC name	Common name	Structural Formula
nonanoic acid	pelargonic acid 1-octanecarboxylic acid	CH3(CH2)7COOH
benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylic acid	trimesic acid	C6H3(COOH)3
(E)-3-phenylprop-2-enoic acid	cinnamic acid trans-cinnamic acid phenylacrylic acid cinnamylic acid 3-phenylacrylic acid (E)-cinnamic acid benzenepropenoic acid isocinnamic acid	C6H5CH=CHCOOH

C10

IUPAC name	Common name	Structural Formula
decanoic acid	capric acid	CH3(CH2)8COOH
decanedioic acid	sebacic acid 1,8-octanedicarboxylic acid	HOOC(CH2)8COOH

C11

IUPAC name	Common name	Structural Formula
undecanoic acid	hendecanoic acid	CH3(CH2)9COOH

C12

IUPAC name	Common name	Structural Formula
dodecanoic acid	lauric acid dodecylic acid dodecoic acid laurostearic acid fulvic acid 1-undecanecarboxylic acid duodecylic acid	CH3(CH2)10COOH
benzene-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexacarboxylic acid	mellitic acid graphitic acid benzenehexacarboxylic acid	C6(COOH)6

C13

IUPAC name	Common name	Structural Formula
tridecanoic acid	tridecylic acid	CH3(CH2)11COOH

C14

IUPAC name	Common name	Structural Formula
tetradecanoic acid	myristic acid	CH3(CH2)12COOH

C15

IUPAC name	Common name	Structural Formula
pentadecanoic acid	pentadecylic acid	CH3(CH2)13COOH

C16

IUPAC name	Common name	Structural Formula
hexadecanoic acid	palmitic acid	CH3(CH2)14COOH

C17

IUPAC name	Common name	Structural Formula
heptadecanoic acid	margaric acid heptadecylic acid	CH3(CH2)15COOH

C18

IUPAC name	Common name	Structural Formula
octadecanoic acid	stearic acid	CH3(CH2)16COOH
(9Z)-octadec-9-enoic acid	oleic acid (9Z)-octadecenoic acid (Z)-octadec-9-enoic acid cis-9-octadecenoic acid cis-Δ9-octadecenoic acid	CH3(CH2)7CH=CH(CH2)7COOH
(9Z,12Z)-octadeca-9,12-dienoic acid	linoleic acid	CH3(CH2)4CH=CHCH2CH=CH(CH2)7COOH
(9Z,12Z,15Z)-octadeca-9,12,15-trienoic acid	ALA α-linolenic acid cis, cis,cis-9,12,15-octadecatrienoic acid (Z,Z,Z)-9,12,15-octadecatrienoic acid	CH3CH2CH=CHCH2CH=CHCH2CH=CH(CH2)7COOH
(6Z,9Z,12Z)-octadeca-6,9,12-trienoic acid	GLA γ-linolenic acid gamolenic acid	CH3(CH2)4CH=CHCH2CH=CHCH2CH=CH(CH2)4COOH
(6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z)-octadeca-6,9,12,15-tetraenoic acid	SDA stearidonic acid moroctic acid	CH3CH2CH=CHCH2CH=CHCH2CH=CHCH2CH=CH(CH2)5COOH

C19

IUPAC name	Common name	Structural Formula
nonadecanoic acid	nonadecylic acid	CH3(CH2)17COOH

C20

IUPAC name	Common name	Structural Formula
icosanoic acid	arachidic acid arachic acid	CH3(CH2)18COOH
(5Z,8Z,11Z)-eicosa-5,8,11-trienoic acid	Mead's acid	CH3(CH2)7CH=CHCH2CH=CHCH2CH=CH(CH2)3COOH
(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosa-5,8,11,14-tetraenoic acid	AA ARA arachidonic acid	CH3(CH2)4CH=CHCH2CH=CHCH2CH=CHCH2CH=CH(CH2)3COOH
(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-eicosa-5,8,11,14-pentaenoic acid	EPA	CH3CH2CH=CHCH2CH=CHCH2CH=CHCH2CH=CHCH2CH=CH(CH2)3COOH

C21

IUPAC name	Common name	Structural Formula
heneicosanoic acid		CH3(CH2)19COOH

C22

IUPAC name	Common name	Structural Formula
docosanoic acid	behenic acid	CH3(CH2)20COOH
(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosa-4,7,10,13,16,19-hexaenoic acid	DHA cervonic acid	CH3CH2CH=CHCH2CH=CHCH2CH=CHCH2CH=CHCH2CH=CHCH2CH=CH(CH2)2COOH

C23

IUPAC name	Common name	Structural formula
tricosanoic acid	tricosylic acid	CH3(CH2)21COOH

C24

IUPAC name	Common name	Structural formula
tetracosanoic acid	lignoceric acid	CH3(CH2)22COOH

C25

IUPAC name	Common name	Structural formula
pentacosanoic acid	pentacosylic acid	CH3(CH2)23COOH

C26

IUPAC name	Common name	Structural formula
hexacosanoic acid	cerotic acid	CH3(CH2)24COOH